Gas laws The flatulant facts http www mhhe

Gas laws The flatulant facts

• http: //www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/ess entialchemistry/flash/vaporv 3. swf • vapor pressure simulation • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=re 9 r 0 kz. Q p_M • vapor pressure explanation video

Kinetic theory • Kinetic theory states that atoms and molecules are in a constant random motion. • With this chaotic movement gas particles exhibit predictable, measurable actions that collectively we call the gas laws • **Constant chaotic motion

The relationships • The behavior and effect of a gas on its environment is controlled by 4 major things. • Pressure • Temperature • Volume • Number of gas molecules

Pressure Force exerted per unit area Symbol - P Units – mm. Hg, atm, torr, bar, psi, k. Pa 760 mm. Hg = 1 atm = 760 torr = 1. 0133 bar = 14. 7 psi = 101. 3 k. Pa • A barometer is a device used for measuring ambient pressure. • •

Temperature • A measure of the amount of thermal energy an object has • Temperature WILL BE MEASURED IN CELSIUS! • A thermometer is used to measure temperature • Symbol - T

Volume • • How much space an object takes up. Unite - Liters and cm 3 Symbol – V 1 Liter = 1000 m. L =. 001 m 3 = 1000 cm 3

Amount of gas molecules • The number of gaseous atoms or molecules that are contained in the system • Measured in moles • Symbol - n

STP • STP stands for standard temperature and pressure. • This value is used for a reference and starting point involving many examinations of matter. • STP is equal to 0*C and 1 atm pressure.

The gas laws • Direct relationships between these 4 variables allows for the calculation of missing variables and predicting effects that a gas will have on its environment. 4 exist • Boyles Law • Charles Law • Gay-Lussac’s Law • Combined gas Law • Ideal gas Law

Boyles Law • Boyles law is the direct relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. As pressure increases volume decreases. Temperatureis constant • Boyles law states that: PV = Constant **Therefore P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2

• http: //www. physics-chemistry-interactiveflashanimation. com/matter_change_state_measur ement_mass_volume/pressure_volume_boyle _mariotte_law_ideal_gas_closed_system_MC Q. htm • p. HET simulation – gas behavior. Constant temperature

• https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=R 037 j. VY Ow. OU • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=EB 9 Yn 2 z Jldw • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rjkrq. M m 52 JI • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=X 7 roaf 8 k ck. M

Charles law • Charles law is the direct relationship between temperature and volume As temperature increases volume increases. Pressure is constant • No handy memory phrase • Charles law states that V/T = constant **Therefore V 1/T 1 = V 2/T 2

• http: //group. chem. iastate. edu/Greenbowe/se ctions/projectfolder/flashfiles/gaslaw/charles _law. html • p. HET simulation – gas behavior. Constant pressure.

Gay-Lussac’s Law • Direct relationship between Pressure and temperature. As temperature increases pressure increases. Volume is constant. • Guy-Lussac’s law states that P/T = Constant ** therefore P 1/T 1 = P 2/T 2

Combined gas law • When Boyles law and Charles law are combined, the combined gas law relates all 3 variables • P 1 V 1/T 1 = P 2 V 2/T 2 • Given any 2 variables the 3 rd variable can be found.

• https: //phet. colorado. edu/en/simulation/gasproperties

Avogadro's law • Equal volumes of any 2 gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same amount of molecules • Molar gas volume is the volume that one mole of gas occupiues • Avogadros law states that Vm = 22. 4 L/mol at STP

Ideal gas law • The ideal gas law is an equation used to examine a gas under non realistic (ideal) conditions. This equation loses integrity at very high temperatures and very low pressures • The ideal gas law states: PV = n. RT where R = a constant