Female Reproductive Anatomy Day 1 Main Ideas Uterus

Female Reproductive Anatomy Day 1

Main Ideas

Uterus • Thick-walled, muscular organ • Site of embryo development • Can stretch to 6 X normal width (5 30 cm) to accommodate fetus • Lining= “endometrium” • Pregnant: forms placenta • Not Pregnant: shed during uterine cycle

Women’s Health – PAP test • Women begin annual exams when sexually active, or 21+ [according to doctor’s advice, family history] • Checks cervix for any abnormalities • Cervical cancer very common amongst women, mostly treatable • Often checks overall health, STI’s (gonorrhea, chlamydia)

To Do’s • (questions sheet) • Prov q’s • 26, 48, 63, 78, 92 • Dictionary

Female Reproductive Anatomy Day 2

Main Ideas

Ovarian Cycle Uterine cycle • Follicular phase • Menstrual phase (days 1 -13) (days 1 -5) • Luteal Phase • Proliferative Phase (days 14 -28) (days 6 -13) • Secretory Phase (days 15 -28)

Ovary • Follicles & immature ova (primary oocytes) • Female is born with all the follicles she will ever use • From puberty to menopause: 1 follicle matures each cycle, releases egg into oviduct

Ovarian Cycle - Follicular • Low levels of hormones (estrogen, progesterone) • Brain triggered to release hormones, targeted to follicles • ONE follicle will start to mature

Don’t write! Hypothalamus Gn RH Secretes Gn. RH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) Anterior Piruitary Secretes FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) Follicles Follicle Matures, Grows

Ovarian Cycle - Follicular • Amounts of estrogen, progesterone continue to rise • Reaches threshold amount, around day 13 • Triggers brain to release tons of hormone • Triggers ovulation (release of mature egg) • Triggers inhibition of follicular hormone production

Ovarian Cycle - Luteal • Progesterone levels have been steadily increasing • Reach threshold • Triggers brain to release less hormone (day 24/25) • Less progesterone being made by ovary • Endometrium can’t maintain its thickness without progesterone…starts to disintegrate

Don’t write! Hypothalamus Gn RH Secretes Gn. RH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) Anterior Piruitary Secretes LH (leuteinizing hormone) Corpus Leutum Stops progesterone production

To Do’s • Questions • Dictionary (quizlet!)

Questions • What are the two parts of the ovarian cycle? HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT? • What hormones are involved in the different parts of the cycle? Where are they made? • Why is it important that only ONE egg matures each cycle (instead of maturing them all at once? ) • Why does the ovarian cycle work with/control the uterine cycle?

Female Reproductive Anatomy Day 3

Recall (don’t write!) Ovarian Cycle Uterine cycle • Follicular phase • Menstrual phase (days 1 -13) (days 1 -5) • Luteal Phase • Proliferative Phase (days 14 -28) (days 6 -13) endometrium begins to disintegrate • Secretory Phase (days 15 -28)

Whoahoo!! Menstural Cycle!

Stop Writing

If Pregnant… • Successful implantation of fertilized embryo into endometrium • Triggers production of hormone • Targets ovary – continues to produce progesterone • Endometrium become placenta; placenta takes over production of estrogen & progesterone

Not Pregnant - Menstruation • Shedding of disintegrating uterine endometrium • Contains blood vessels (to support growing embryo) • Bleeding • Facilitates tissue removal

• Ovulation _ the menstrual cycle - Narrated 3 D animation. mp 4 • Start at 30 sec-great for hormones

Pregnant? • Men labour pains • Birth • c-section

Development of Fetus

Birth Control - Contraceptives = techniques and methods used to prevent fertilization 98% effective Realistically 81 -95% 86%-90% 94% with spermicide

Birth Control – The Pill • Increase levels of estrogen/progesterone • Negative feedback on Gn. RH decr. Amounts of LH, FSH prevents ovulation, implantation 99. 7% effective Realistically 92%

Birth Control – Rings & Patches • Nuva. Ring 99% effective, 90% realistically • Same hormones as pill • Worn for 3 weeks, removed for 1

Birth Control – Rings & Patches • Patch 99% effective, 91% realistically • Same hormones • Wear for 3 weeks, off for 1

Birth Control – Depo-Provera Injection • Four injections/year • Progesterone (so again will prevent ovulation by changing hormone amounts) • Often don’t have period at all (need regular pregnancy tests)

Birth Control - Contragestion = method used to prevent implantation eg. Intrauterine device T-shaped device that contains either copper (disrupts sperm motility or damages the sperm so it can’t reach the egg) or progesterone (releases progesterone causing decreased levels of LH and FSH, no ovulation) and is inserted into the uterus 99. 8% Effective

Birth Control - Sterilization • Make male or female infertile • Male: vasectomy • Female: tubal ligation [video!]

Birth Control – Other “Methods” • “coitus interruptus” – pull out method 80% effective; realistically 27/100 women will get pregnant • Plan B – “Morning After” pill 89% effective if taken within 72 hr • Calendar Method – avoid intercourse during ovulation 70% effective

To Do’s • Questions Sheet (use textbook to look up hormones) • Dictionary

Main Ideas

Uterine Cycle – Menstrual Phase • 1 -7 days • Endometrium deteriorating due to low levels progesterone • Flow of blood & tissue out of vagina

Uterine Cycle – Proliferative Phase • Estrogen begins to increase, due to developing follicle • Endometrium thickens, becomes vascular

Uterine Cycle – Secretory Phase • Increasing progesterone endometrium drastically thickens • Uterine glands mature, produce mucus

Uterine Cycle – Secretory Phase • Implantation? Endometrium makes hormone that targets ovaries to continue making progesterone • Endometrium turns into placenta

Uterine Cycle – Secretory Phase • Not pregnant? Menstruation; cycle begins again