FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY E NAGHSHINEH M D FEMALE

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY E. NAGHSHINEH M. D FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1

EXTERNAL GENTILIA • • • The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible The vulva includes: Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Urethral opening Vaginal opening Perineum FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 2

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The external genital structures of the mature female. 3

MONS PUBIS(MONS VENERIS) • The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone • It protects the pubic symphysis • During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis • Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thickness FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 4

LABIA MAJORA • • • Referred to as the outer lips They have a darker pigmentation The Labia Majora: Protect the introitus and urethral openings Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands Mass of fat, plexus of veins FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 5

LABIA MINORA (Nymphae) • Referred to as the “inner lips” • Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal • Located inside the labia majora • They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 6

CLITORIS • Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue • It is made up of a shaft and a glans • Becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation (2*1) • key to sexual pleasure for most women • Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 7

VAGINAL OPENING INTROITUS • In virginal women hidden by overlapping labia minora • Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the hymen • Imperforated hymen: vaginal orifice is occluded completely , retention of menstrual discharge FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 8

PERINEUM • The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canal • It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts • The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that make it sensitive to touch • An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum used during childbirth for widening the vaginal opening FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 9

INTERNAL GENITALIA • • • The internal genitalia consists of the: Vagina Cervix Uterus Fallopian Tubes Ovaries FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 10

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE The female internal reproductive system (side. SYSTEM view). 11

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The female internal reproductive system (front view). 12

VAGINA • The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals • It is located between the bladder and rectum • It functions : • As a passageway for the menstrual flow • For uterine secretions to pass down through the introitus • As the birth canal during labor • With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes lubricated during sexual intercourse FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 13

CERVIX • The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina • The cervical opening to the vagina is small • This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies entering the uterus • During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the passage of the fetus • This dilation is a sign that labor has begun FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 14

UTERUS • • A pear shaped organ Located between bladder and rectum Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8), Multiparous(9 to 10) It is made up of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium • The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to accommodate a growing fetus and push it through the birth canal FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 15

FALLOPIAN TUBES • • Length: 8 to 14 cm Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum • Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 16

OVARIES • Almond-shaped organs, development and extrusion of ova, synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones • A woman is born with approximately 400, 000 immature eggs called follicles • During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization • The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen • These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 17

ARTERIES • Uterine and ovarian art • Uterine art: Internal iliac (Hypogastric) art • Ovarian art: direct branch of Aorta FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 18

VEINS • Uterine veins ; Internal iliac vein ; Common iliac vein • Right ovarian vein ; IVC • Left ovarian vein ; Left renal vein FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 19

PELVIC • Pelvic composed of four bone: sacrum , coccyx and two innominate bones • Innominate bones: ilium, ischium, pubis • False pelvis ; above the linea terminalis • True pelvis ; below the linea terminalis FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 20

Pelvic Girdle (Hip) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 21 7. 27 a Figure

Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Image from 22 Table 7. 4

PLANS AND DIAMETERS OF THE PELVIS • • 1. Pelvic inlet 2. Pelvic outlet 3. Midpelvis 4. Greatest pelvic dimensions FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 23

PELVIC DIAMETERS • Obstetrical conjugate; shortest distance between promontory of sacrum and the symphysis pubis; 10 cm or more • True conjugate • Diagonal conjugate FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 24

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 25

CALDWELL-MOLOY CLASSIFICATION • • Gynecoid pelvis Android pelvis Anthropoid pelvis Platypelloid pelvis FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 26

GYNEOID PELVIS(50%) It is the normal female type. 1. Inlet is slightly transverse oval. 2. Sacrum is wide with average concavity and inclination. 3. Side walls are straight with blunt ischial spines. 4. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. 5. Subpubic angle is 90 -100 o. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 27

Anthropoid pelvis (25%): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. It is ape-like type. All anteroposterior diameters are long. All transverse diameters are short. Sacrum is long and narrow. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. 6. Subpubic angle is narrow. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 28

Android pelvis (20%): 1. It is a male type. 2. Inlet is triangular or heart-shaped with anterior narrow apex. 3. Side walls are converging (funnel pelvis) with projecting ischial spines. 4. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow. 5. Subpubic angle is narrow <90 o. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 29

Platypelloid pelvis (5%): 1. It is a flat female type. 2. All anteroposterior diameters are short. 3. All transverse diameters are long. 4. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow. 5. Subpubic angle is wide. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 30

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