Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System Copyright 2014 2012

Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 8 Objective 1: Identify organs and structures of the female reproductive system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Female Reproductive System Function The female reproductive system is responsible for supporting conception and pregnancy. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Female Reproductive System Externally, the female reproductive system consists of the vulva, clitoris, and mammary glands. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Female Reproductive Organs Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Female Reproductive System External Structures • vulva, or external genitals: two pairs of lips (labia major and labia minora) that surround the vagina • clitoris: highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra • perineum: pelvic floor in both the male and female; in females, it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Female Reproductive System Internally, this system consists of the vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Female Reproductive Organs Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs • ovaries: pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; egg cells are stored in the ovaries – ovum (pl. ova): female sex cell • uterine tubes, or fallopian tubes: pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs (cont’d) • uterus: pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity (except during pregnancy); functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor. – endometrium: inner lining of the uterus – myometrium: muscular middle layer of uterus – perimetrium: thin outer layer of uterus – corpus, or body: large central portion of uterus Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs (cont’d) • uterus (cont’d) – fundus: rounded upper portion of the uterus – cervix: narrow lower portion of uterus • vagina: 3 -inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body – hymen: fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Female Reproductive System Internal Organs (cont’d) • Rectouterine pouch - cavity between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum that is closed at the inferior end (also called Douglas cul-de-sac) Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Chapter 8 Objective 2: Define and spell word parts related to the female reproductive system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Combining Forms for the Female Reproductive System • • arche/o cervic/o colp/o, vagin/o culd/o episi/o, vulv/o gyn/o, gynec/o hymen/o • • • hyster/o, metr/i mamm/o, mast/o men/o oophor/o perine/o salping/o Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Review Question Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Prefix and Suffixes • Prefix § peri- • Suffixes § -atresia § -salpinx Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

Review Question The combining form meaning vagina is: a) colp/o b) culd/o c) metr/o d) mast/o Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17

Chapter 8 Objective 6: Define, pronounce, and spell complementary terms related to the female reproductive system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts • • • gynecologist gynecology (GYN) gynopathic leukorrhea mastalgia mastoptosis menarche vaginal vulvovaginal Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Chapter 8 Objective 8: Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements, documents, and electronic health records. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

Interact with Medical Records HISTORY: This 37 -year-old gravida 2 para 2 woman was referred by her primary care provider. She complains of fullness in the pelvic region and menometrorrhagia. She admits to frequency and urgency of urination. Also, she complains of fatigue. The patient’s last menstrual period was two weeks ago. Her mother was treated for ovarian cancer. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Upon bimanual pelvic examination, an ill-defined mass was palpable on left lateral portion of the uterus. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21

Interact with Medical Records (cont’d) DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES: Pap smear results showed normal cytology. CA-125 results were normal. Transvaginal sonography confirmed the presence of a pedunculated fibroid tumor. The uterine tubes and ovaries were normal. IMPRESSION: Uterine fibroids. RECOMMENDATION: We discussed the benefits of having a vaginal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in view of her mother’s history of ovarian cancer. The patient declined this approach because of the desire to have another child. A laparoscopic myomectomy is therefore recommended. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22