FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TO REVIEW

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TO REVIEW THE COMPONENTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE OVARIES TO UNDERSTAND THE HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENESIS, OVULATION, AND THE UTERINE CYCLE TO IDENTIFY THE HISTOLOGY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARIES OVIDUCT (UTERINE TUBES) UTERUS VAGINA

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVIDUCT (UTERINE TUBES) INFUNDIBULUM, AMPULLA, ISTHMUS, UTERINE UTERUS FUNDUS, BODY (CORPUS), CERVIX

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARY GERMINAL EPITHELIUM TUNICA ALBUGINEA - thin connective tissue capsule underlying germinal epithelium CORTEX - surrounds the medulla and contains maturing follicles MEDULLA - central connective tissue containing vascular supply and nervous innervation

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARY 3 to 5 million OOGONIA differentiate into PRIMARY OOCYTES during early development OOCYTES becomes surrounded by squamous (follicular) cells to become PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES most PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES undergo atresia leaving 400, 000 at birth oocytes at birth arrested at Meiosis I (prophase)

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARY THREE STAGES OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES CAN BE IDENTIFIED (each follicle contains one oocyte) FOLLOWING PUBERTY: OOGENES IS (1) PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES - very prevalent; located in the periphery of the cortex - a single layer of squamous follicular cells surround the oocyte (2) GROWING FOLLICLES - three recognizable stages: (a) early primary follicle (b) late primary follicle (c) secondary (antral) follicle (3) MATURE (GRAAFIAN) FOLLICLES - follicle reaches maximum size

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARIAN FOLLICLES (1) PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES (2) GROWING FOLLICLES (a) early primary follicle - follicular cells still unilaminar but now are cuboidal in - appearance oocyte begins to enlarge (b) late primary follicle - multilaminar follicular layer; cells now termed granulosa - cells zona pellucida appears; gel-like substance rich in GAGs - surrounding stromal cells differentiate into theca interna and theca externa (b) secondary (antral) follicle - cavities appear between granulosa cells forming an - antrum follicle continues to grow - formation of cumulus oophorus and corona radiata (3) MATURE (GRAAFIAN) FOLLICLES

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARIAN FOLLICLES late primary follicle

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARIAN FOLLICLES GRANULOSA (FOLLICULAR) CELLS OOCYT E ZONA

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARY CORTE X MEDULL A CORPUS LUTEUM

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM GERMINAL EPITHELIUM TUNICA ALBUGINEA CORTE X OVAR Y PRIMORDI AL FOLLICL ES

GERMINAL EPITHELIUM TUNICA ALBUGINEA FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVAR Y

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVAR Y OVARY H&E PRIMORDI AL FOLLICL ES EARLY 1º

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARY OVAR Y H&E CORPUS ALBICANS EARLY PRIMARY FOLLICLES PRIMORDI AL FOLLICLE

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVAR Y LATE PRIMARY FOLLICLE multilaminar

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVAR Y MATURE (GRAAFIAN) FOLLICLE zona pellucida cumulus oophorus corona radiata theca interna and externa theca interna cells begin to produce androgens that are converted to estrogens

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATIONrelease of Gn. RF HYPOTHALAMUS which stimulates release of LH and FSH from the adenohypophysis (ANTERIOR PITUITARY)

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATION OVULATI FOLLICULAR PHASE 10 -20 primordial follicles begin to develop in response to FSH and LH levels FSH and LH stimulate theca and granulosa production of estrogen and progesterone surge of LH induces ovulation ON LUTEAL PHASE theca and granulosa cells transform into the corpus luteum and secrete large amounts of progesterone if fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates. . . if fertilization does occur, HCG released from the embryo maintains corpus luteum

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATION: sharp surge in LH with simulataneous increase in FSH Meiosis I resumes; oocyte and surrounding cumulus break away and are extruded oocyte passes into oviduct ECTOPIC IMPLANTATIONS

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM CORPUS LUTEUM FORMED FROM FOLLICLE WALL WHICH REMAINS FOLLOWING OVULATION TRANSFORMED CELLS SECRETE ESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE: (1) GRANULOSA LUTEIN CELLS - large, light cells derived from granulosa cells (2) THECA LUTEIN CELLS - strands of small cells derived from theca interna

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM CORPUS LUTEUM (1) GRANULOSA LUTEIN CELLS CORPUS LUTEUM (2) THECA LUTEIN CELLS H&E (1) (2)

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVIDUCT TRANSMITS OVA FROM OVARY TO UTERUS MEIOSIS II IN PROGRESS AND ULTIMATELY ARRESTS UNLESS FERTILIZED SITE OF FERTILIZATION MUCOSA EPITHELIUM AND LAMINA PROPRIA MUSCULARIS INNER CIRCULAR; OUTER LONGITUDINAL INCREASES AS APPROACH UTERUS SEROSA

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVIDUCT SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM TWO CELL TYPES: (1) CILIATED (2) PEG CELLS (NONCILIATED)

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS PERIMETRIUM, MYOMETRIUM, ENDOMETRIUM

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS ENDOMETRIUM undergoes cyclic changes which prepare it for implantation of a fertilized ovum TWO LAYERS: (1) FUNCTIONAL LAYER (stratum functionalis) - BORDERS UTERINE LUMEN - SLOUGHED OFF AT MENSTRATION - CONTAINS UTERINE GLANDS (2) BASAL LAYER (stratum basale) - RETAINED AT MENSTRATION - SOURCE OF CELLS FOR REGENERATION OF FUNCTIONAL LAYER STRAIGHT AND SPIRAL ARTERIES

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM HORMONAL REGULATION OF UTERINE CYCLE (1) PROLIFERATIVE concurrent with follicular maturation and influenced by estrogenswith luteal phase and influenced by (2)PHASE SECRETORY PHASE concurrent progesterone (3) MENSTRUAL PHASE commences as hormone production by corpus luteum declines

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS PROLIFERATIVE PHASE cells in basal layer begin to proliferate to regenerate functional layer spiral arteries begin to lengthen and revascularize developing layer functional layer becomes thicker than basal layer during late proliferative phase developing uterine glands are tubular in arrangement

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS PROLIFERATIVE PHASE tubular uterine glands simple columnar lining

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS PROLIFERATIVE UTERUS H&E PHASE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE tubular uterine glands simple columnar lining UTERINE GLANDS

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS SECRETORY PHASE functional layer thickens glands become coiled and accumulate large quantities of secretory product

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS SECRETORY PHASE UTERUS H&E SECRETORY PHASE functional layer thickens glands coiled COILED UTERINE GLANDS

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS SECRETORY PHASE functional layer thickens glands become coiled and accumulate large quantities of secretory product

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM VAGINA MUCOSA STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM LAMINA PROPRIA -------- no glands --------MUSCULARIS INNER CIRCULAR OUTER LONGITUDINAL ADVENTITIA

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM LABIA MINORUM H&E