The Pharyngeal Apparatus face nasal cavities mouth http

The Pharyngeal Apparatus – face, nasal cavities, mouth 陳建榮 http: //web. nchu. edu. tw/~chenjr/index. htm

4 pairs pharyngeal arches

Pharyngeal arch: component External : pharyngeal groove Internal : pharyngeal cleft (pouch) groove arch Neural crest cell mesenchyme in the head and neck

Day 32 Day 33 Day 41

Pharyngeal arch cartilage

1 st pharyngeal arch -Maxillary prominence -Maxillary, zygomatid, squamous part of temporal bone -Mandibular prominence -Madibular bone, malleus, incus

Cartilaginous rod

Aortic arch vessels

Muscular component of pharyngeal arch

Nerve: special visceral afferent nerves of cranial nerves

Pharyngeal pouch咽囊 耳咽隱窩 5 wk pharynx 6 wk Ultimopharyngeal body parafollicular cell 終咽體

Pharyngeal pouch 7 wk Pharyngotympanic tube Palatine tonsil Tubotympanic recess -Pharyngotympanic tube -Auditory tube -Tympanic cavity -Mastoid antrum Superior parathyroid gland Inferior parathyroid gland Thymus Ultimopharyngeal body

Pharyngeal groove: -1 st pharyngeal groove external acoustic meatus -2 nd pharyngeal groove cervical sinus --> external branchial sinus外鰓竇or brachial fistula鰓瘻管 Pharyngeal membrane: -1 st pharyngeal membrane tympanic membrane

Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管 fistulas

Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管 fistulas 內鰓竇 外鰓竇

Branchial cyst鰓囊腫

Branchial cyst鰓囊腫

Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管 fistulas

Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管 fistulas

Branchial vestiges鰓遺跡

Development of the thyroid gland 4 wk 甲狀腺憩室 5 wk 甲狀腺舌管

6 wk adult

Thyroglossal duct cyst甲狀腺舌管囊腫: Anomalies during descent of the developing thyroid gland

Thyroglossal duct cyst甲狀腺舌管囊腫

Ectopic thyroid gland 異位性的甲狀腺

Development of Tongue bud distal 咽下隆突

Development of Tongue

Microglossia 小舌畸形

Macroglossia巨舌畸形

Glossoschisis 舌分裂

Papillae and taste buds Lingual papillae – 8 th wk Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Circumvallate papillae Taste bud 味蕾– 11 th -13 th wk - induced by the epithelial cells of the tongue & gustatory nerve cells (chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves) - on dorsal surface (most), palatoglossal arches, palate, post. surface of theepiglottis, post. wall of the oropharynx

Nerve supply of tongue Sensory: ant. 2/3 to mucosa – trigeminal nerve (CN V- 1 st pharyngeal arch) ant. 2/3 to taste buds – facial n. (CN VII, 2 nd pharyngeal arch) post. 1/3 - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX, 3 rd pharyngeal arch) (CN X, 4 th pharyngeal arch, anterior to the epiglottis) Motor: All muscles except palatoglossus – hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

Development of Salivary gland 6 -7 wks, from the primordial oral cavity

Development of face: 1 st pharyngeal arch 4 -8 wks, human appearance 5 facial primordia臉原基 single frontonasal prominence (FNP) forehead rostral boundary of the stomodeum, primordial mouth, nose paired maxillary prominences upper cheek & most of the upper lip paired mandibular prominences chin, lower lip, lower cheek

Development of face: 4 -8 wks, human appearance 5 facial primordia

Development of face : Nasal lacrimal duct

Development of Nasal cavity Nasal plate

Development of Nasal cavity Medial nasal prominences Lateral nasal prominences Nasal pit

Nasal septum Primary palate: philtrum

Carnegie 22

Development of Nasal cavity 28 day

Development of Nasal cavity 5 wk 6 wk

Development of Nasal cavity 7 wk 12 wk

Development of Nasal cavity: Vomeronasal organ (VNO) 鋤鼻器

Development of Palate

Development of Palate: Primary palate Palatogenesis: 6 -9 wks

Development of Palate: Primary palate

Development of Palate: Secondary palate The end of 6 wk

Development of Palate: Secondary palate 唇齦板 The roof of the mouth

Development of Palate 9 -12 wks : fused

Normal Cleft palate

Carnegie stage 22 Cleft palate

Cleft lip

Normal Cleft lip Unilateral cleft lip Bilateral cleft lip

Cleft lip

Cleft lip

Normal Cleft lip & cleft palate

Unilateral cleft lip and palate

Bilateral cleft lip and palate

Unilateral cleft lip and palate Bilateral cleft lip and palate

Facial clefts顏面裂 Median cleft of the upper lip Macrostomia Median cleft of the lower lip Single nostril and microstomia Bilateral oblique facial clefts with complete bilateral cleft lip Bifid nose and incomplete median cleft lip