MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS APITHERAPY IN THE NAME

ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: APITHERAPY IN THE NAME OF GOD Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some Egyptian and Saudi Arabia honeys Ahmed Hegazi; Eman H. Abdel- Rahman and Ehab Fouad National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some Egyptian and Saudi Arabia honeys

The bilogy of honey bee(apis mellifera) Kingdom: animalia Phylum: arthropoda Class: insecta Family: apidae Genus: apis Species: apis mellifera Apis mellifera(honey bee)

Historic Record • Humans eventually began providing cavities for honey bees to nest in. • Earliest records are Egyptian

Egyptian beekeeping Harvesting honey combs (right) and packing honey (left) ca. 1450 BC, West Bank, Luxor

Honey • In ancient Egypt, honey was used to sweeten cakes and biscuits, and was used in many other dishes. • The fertility god of Egypt, Min, was offered honey (Hegazi, 2012).

Definition • Honey is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers. • The variety produced by honey bees (the genus Apis) • Honey bees transform nectar into honey by a process of regurgitation and evaporation. • They store it inside the bee hive (The National Honey Board, 2003).

Honey • Honey is one of the oldest medicines. • Its use is recorded in Egyptian papyri dated from 1900 to 1250 B. C. • used many of the Egyptian prescriptions They found that honey "cleans sores and ulcers of the lips, heals carbuncles and running sores

Religious significance • In Islam, there is an entire Surah in The Holy Qur’an called an-Nahl (the Bee). • According to Hadith, Prophet Muhammad strongly recommended honey for healing purposes (Sahih Bukhari). • The Qur'an promotes honey as a nutritious and healthy food. ﴾ ﻯ ﻥ ٱﻠ ٱﻯ ﺍ ﻥ ﻭﺍ ﺍ ۥ ﻳ ﻟ ﺍ ﻯ ٦٨﴿ • “ﻯ ﻯ ٱﻠ ٱ ﻯ ٱﺍ ﻭﺍ ٱﻠ ﺍ ﻭ ﴾٦٩﴿ ” ﺍ ﻭ

Honey composition: Component Average (%) Moisture 17. 2 Fructose 38. 19 Glucose 31. 28 Sucrose 1. 31 Disaccharides, calculated as maltose 7. 31 Higher sugars 1. 5 Free acid as gluconic 0. 43 Lactone as Gluconolactone 0. 14 Total acid as gluconic 0. 57 Ash 0. 169 Nitrogen 0. 041 Data was collected from 490 samples of US honey (White et al. , 1962).

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Evaluation of antibacterial activity of honey: • Both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects have been reported for many strains, • Honey has been reported to have an inhibitory effect to around 60 species of bacteria including aerobes and anaerobes, grampositives and gram- negatives (Molan, 1992).

Bacterial strains: Six bacterial species included Gram positive and Gram negative were used. The Gram positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

Gram negative bacteria • Klebsiella pneumonia (AT CC 27736), • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AT CC 27853) • • Escherichia coli (AT CC 35218)

Honey samples • Fresh samples provided from flowering season • They were mono floral honeys harvested from apiaries • (From Authorized apiary farm).

Egyptian honey samples • • acacia honey, citrus honey, clover honey, coriander honey, cotton honey, palm honey sesame honey

Saudi honey sample • sider honey, • was kindly provided by El. Yahia Company 2004,

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Fig. 1: Antibacterial activity of different honey types against Gram positive bacteria.

Fig. 2: Antibacterial activity of different honey types against Gram negative bacteria.

The antimicrobial activity of twelve Saudi honey samples was investigated against 6 bacteria belonging to Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

The Gram positive bacteria were • Staphylococcus aureus • (ATCC 25923), • Streptococcus pyogenes • Corynebacteria pseudotuberculosis.

Gram negative bacteria were • Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 27736), • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) • Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218).

Honey samples • • • Sidr or birds or Sidr North honey Tabah honey Rok honey spring Lena honey Harbingers honey Valley offense (Qtad) honey

Honey samples • • • Abu roses honey spring hospitality honey Agaa mount honey Spring honey pride, then Sair honey Hegaz Spring honey Shamar mount honey

• Honey samples were kindly obtained from Sh. Fayez Al Gethamy • Al Nahal Al Gawal Apery farm

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Conclusion • Honey samples were obtained from 20 (8 Egyptian and 12 Saudi) different floral sources. • The findings indicate that honey samples with different Egyptian and Saudi honeys, were effective antibacterial against different pathogenic bacteria.

Conclusion • The results showed also that most of honey samples at 20. 30 % (w/v) can completely inhibit the growth of all of the tested bacteria. • It was clear that the different types of honey were less effective against E. coli than other bacteria.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some Egyptian and Saudi Arabia honeys

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some Egyptian and Saudi Arabia honeys