Color Color The visual response of the eye

Color

Color The visual response of the eye to reflected rays of light Element of floral design 3 dimensions of color � Hue � Value � Chroma

Hue The descriptive name of a color Pure color without black, white, or gray added Defines a specific spot on the color wheel � There are 12 hues on the color wheel

Value The lightness or darkness of a hue Relative to the gray scale Achieved by the addition of black, white, or gray � Shade � Tint � Tone

Gray Scale �A visual aid which represents the transitional graduations of value from white to black, encompassing all the varying degrees of gray

Shade A hue which has been darkened by the addition of black Deeper in appearance Examples- � navy is a shade of blue � burgundy is a shade of red

Tint A hue which has been lightened by the addition of white Pastel in appearance Examples- � Light blue is a tint of blue � Pink is a tint of red

Tone A hue which has been muted by the addition of gray Dusty in appearance Examples- � wedge wood blue is a tone of blue � mauve is a tone of red

Chroma The degree of strength, intensity, saturation, or purity of a color A fully saturated hue is a color of the highest chroma or intensity More pigment would make a color brighter; less would make the color more dull

Pigment substance used to provide color to paints, dyes, plastics, and other materials

Intensity reflects the maximum amount of light back to the viewer’s eye is not mixed with black, white, or gray

Saturation the measure of the intensity or brightness of a color, describing the amount of light reflecting from it The greater the saturation of color, the higher the chroma

Color wheel Diagrammatic representation of all the hues in a color system presented in their proper spectral order. Twelve hour color system which was developed by Louis Prang, an American Printer in 1876.

Color Wheel

Primary colors Red, yellow, & blue, forming the basis of the color wheel, from which all other colors are created Spaced equidistantly apart on the color wheel Cannot be created by mixing any other colors together

Primary Colors

Secondary colors Orange, green, & violet The three hues resulting from the blending of two primary colors Placed in between primary colors

Secondary Colors

Tertiary colors Six colors resulting from the blending of a primary color and an adjacent secondary color on the color wheel, mixing primary and secondary colors Red-orange, red-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, & yellow-orange Mixing primary & secondary colors Primary color is always listed first with a hyphen in the center of the word

Tertiary Colors

Chromatic colors Colors derived from the visible spectrum characterized by the presence of both hue and chroma all colors other than black, white or gray

Achromatic colors Neutral colors which lack hue, black, gray and white. Do not appear on the color wheel They occur when light is absorbed or reflected without displaying any spectral hue. Achromatic color harmony: a grouping of colors without hue; white, black, and any values of gray. Neutral colors: an achromatic color to which a small amount of hue has been added

Advancing (warm) colors Aggressive or warm Predominantly composed of red or yellow Visually move forward toward the viewer

Warm colors Advancing colors, such as red, orange, yellow Association with fire and sunshine Energizing or stimulating effect on the viewer Active, cheery, evoking warm and happy feelings Dominating colors, look larger and advance Irritating if too much

Receding (cool) colors Predominantly composed of blues or greens Visually pull back from the viewer Passive or cool

Cool Colors Receding colors Blues, green, and violets Generally associated with water or foliage, cool things Have a calming effect on the viewer

Color harmony Groupings of specific hues and/or different values of one hue Resulting in a pleasing or useful combination Color harmonies may display different values of the given hue and still be considered complementary color harmony. (example: peach and baby blue) Achromatic/neutral colors can be included in any color harmony

Achromatic color harmony A grouping of colors without hue; white, black, and any values of gray.

Monochromatic color harmony A grouping of different values of one hue May include achromatic colors An example would be blue and tints, tones, shades of blue. � Example: blue, navy, wedge wood blue, and light blue

Analogous color harmony A grouping of 3 adjacent hues on the color wheel No more than one primary color One color dominates Example – red-orange, with red dominating

Complementary color harmony A pair of hues directly opposite each other on the color wheel Examples: red & green, violet & yellow, or blue & orange

Split complementary color harmony A trio of hues, consisting of a hue and the two hues on either side of its direct complement Example - violet, yellow-orange, & yellow-green

Triadic color harmony A grouping of three hues which are equidistant on the color wheel Example - primary colors; red, blue & yellow � Tints of primaries-pink, baby blue, & soft yellow

Tetradic color harmony A grouping of four hues which are equidistant on the color wheel A double-complement

Color Psychology Colors are known evoke moods and feelings and appeal to our emotions

Colors can set the mood of an arrangement and create emotional impressions.

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