The University of Lahore A W 4 Category

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Lecture 22 CHAPTER 3 Static Techniques 18/05/2021 1

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Success factors for reviews Find a champion 1. A champion is needed, one who will lead the review process. 2. They need expertise, enthusiasm and practical mindset in order to guide moderators and participants. 3. The authority of this champion should be clear to the entire organization. 18/05/2021 2

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Pick things that really count 1. Select the documents for review that are most important in a project. 2. Make sure each review has a clear objective and a correct type of review is selected that matches the defined objective. 18/05/2021 3

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Explicitly plan and track review activities 1. To ensure that review become part of the day-to-day activities, the hours to be spent should be made visible within each project plan. 2. Tracking these hours will improve planning of the next review. 18/05/2021 4

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Train participants 1. Special training should be provided to the moderators to prepare them for their critical role in the review process. 18/05/2021 5

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Manage people issues 1. Reviews are about evaluating someone’s document. Some reviews tend to get too personal when they are not well managed by the moderator. 2. People issues and psychological aspects should be dealt with the moderator and should be part of the review training, thus making the review a positive experience for the author. 3. Defects should be welcomed and expressed objectively. 18/05/2021 6

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Follow the rules 1. Follow all the formal rules. 2. Do not become too theoretical or too detailed, checklists are recommended to increase the effectiveness of defects identification. 18/05/2021 7

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University JUST DO IT! 1. The review process is simple but not easy. Experience is needed to execute them correctly. So, try to get experienced people to observe and help where possible. 18/05/2021 8

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University • Complexity The degree to which a component or system has a design and/or internal structure that is difficult to understand, maintain and verify. • Cyclomatic Complexity The number of independent paths through a program, defined as M=E-N + 2 P where E = The number of edges of the graph N = The number of nodes of the graph P = The number of connected components • Control Flow A sequence of events (paths) in the execution through a component or system. 18/05/2021 9

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University A graph with three Connected Components In graph theory, a connected component of an undirected graph is a subgraph in which any two vertices are connected to each other by paths, and which is connected to no additional vertices. For example, the graph shown in the illustration on the right has three connected components. A graph that is itself connected has exactly one connected component, 18/05/2021 10

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Undirected Graph 18/05/2021 11

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Directed Graph 18/05/2021 12

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Control Flow Structure - Example IF A = 354 THEN IF B > C THEN A = B ELSE A = C END IF ENDIF PRINT A Cyclomatic Complexity = 8 – 7 + 2 = 3 N = 7, E = 8 18/05/2021 A = 354 B>C A=B ENDIF PRINT A 13

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University CLASSWORK 1 Calculate Cyclomatic Complexity. 18/05/2021 14

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University CLASSWORK 2 Calculate Cyclomatic Complexity. 18/05/2021 15

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University CLASSWORK 3 Calculate Cyclomatic Complexity. 18/05/2021 16

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University End of Chapter 3 18/05/2021 17

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The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Lecture 24 CHAPTER 4 Test Design Techniques 18/05/2021 19

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test Design Techniques 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 18/05/2021 Introduction Identifying test conditions and designing cases Categories of test design techniques Specification-based OR black box techniques Structure-based OR white box techniques Experience-based techniques Choosing a test techniques 20

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Before we execute a test, we should know 1234 - What we are trying to test? The inputs The results produced by those inputs How we can run the tests? üTest Conditions üTest Cases üTest Procedures 18/05/2021 21

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test Conditions are documented in test condition specification. How to choose test condition? Test Cases are documented in test cases specification. How to write a good test case? Test Procedures (test script) are documented in test procedure specification. How to translate test cases into test procedures? 18/05/2021 22

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test Condition An item of a component or a system that could be verified by one or more test cases. OR The input, expected results and the actual results are the test conditions. 18/05/2021 23

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Example 1 Username field condition Condition 1: Should start with alphabet Condition 2: Should not contain more than 8 char. Condition any special characters. So condition for Username field will be something like Ap 22 le. Using this condition you will check actual and expected results. 18/05/2021 24

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Example 2: Test conditions in login screen : User name: Password: RESULT: 18/05/2021 C 1 T T T C 2 T F F C 3 F T F C 4 F F F 25

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Class Work Write at least two test conditions for DATE OF BIRTH (DOB) of an employee working in BINUS. 18/05/2021 26

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University 1. The good way to understand requirements better is to try to define tests to meet those requirements. 2. Test conditions should be related to the system under developed. 3. Identify test conditions as many as you can. 4. Being selective afterwards to develop in more detail and combine into test cases call them “test possibilities”. 5. Exhaustive testing is impossible and impractical. 6. We have to select the subset of all possible tests. 7. The subset we select may be very small subset but it has to have a high probability of finding most of the defects. 18/05/2021 27

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test design techniques “A procedure used to select test cases. ” A testing technique helps us select a good set of tests from the total number of all possible tests for a given system. 18/05/2021 28

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Traceability OR Validation Matrix is a table that relates the customer requirements and it is used in order to ensure that all the customer requirements have been satisfied by the test cases. OR A document showing the relation between requirements and test cases. To check whether the test cases are mapped with the requirement. USE to check whether we have covered all the test cases or not? -To ensure that all test cases are passed and met the given req. spec? 18/05/2021 29

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The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test Case A set of input values, execution preconditions, expected results, execution post conditions developed for a particular test condition. Test Case Specification A document describing a set of test cases. 1. A test case need to have input values. 2. The test should access the system does what is supposed to do. 3. If you don’t know what the system is supposed to do with input values, you can’t tell whether your test has passed or failed. 4. What the system should do, we need to have a source of information about the correct behaviour of the system, this is called an oracle or test oracle. 18/05/2021 32

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test Oracle A source to determine expected results compared with the actual results of the software under test. Source 1 - Requirement specification 2 - Existing system 3 - User manual 4 - Individual specialized knowledge 18/05/2021 33

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test Procedure Specification A document specifying a sequence of actions for the execution of a test. It is also known as test script or manual test script. 18/05/2021 34

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test case for an online purchasing system. Test Procedures Specification 1) Validate the details of the item are displayed as in the database 2) Validate the availability of the item and number 3) Validate that when you select the item in the front end (like a checkbox) it gets selected 4) Validate you get an error message if you are not a registered user 5) Validate you are able to click the 'submit' button and the page is reloaded 6) Validate whether you get a success message with the form to fill the required info like credit card details is displayed 7) validate that in the database required updations are done 18/05/2021 35

The University of Lahore A “W 4” Category University Test Procedures Specification 1. To verify ATM card Insertion 2. To verify ATM card Insertion in wrong angle 3. To verify invalid ATM card Insertion 4. To verify Language selection 5. To verify Pin entry 6. To verify invalid Pin entry 7. To verify invalid Pin entry 3 times 8. To verify Account Type selection 9. To verify withdrawal option selection 10. To verify Amount entry 11. To verify withdrawal success operation 12. To verify operation when our entered amount is grater than possible balance 18/05/2021 36

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