Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions SMOKE Training Community

Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions SMOKE Training Community Modeling and Analysis System Center Institute for the Environment University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill © 2011 Institute for the Environment 1

CMAS Community Modeling and Analysis System http: //www. cmascenter. org What does CMAS do? • Working to coordinate community approach to emissions and air quality modeling • Software distribution and support • Training and conferences • Outreach • Development • Communication • CMAQ, MCIP, SMOKE, I/O API, PAVE, MIMS January 2011 SMOKE/CMAQ Training Konkuk University Seoul, Korea 2

SMOKE Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions http: //www. smoke-model. org Features: • • • Open-source, highly optimized Criteria and toxics pollutants Supports CMAQ, CAMx, MAQSIP, REMSAD, UAM Annual, daily, hourly inventories MOBILE 6 and BEIS 3 Fire plume rise algorithms Flexible QA/QC features Large user community Active training program 3

Training Overview • Emissions processing basics • SMOKE basics • Running SMOKE • Overview lab • SMOKE programs • SMOKE problem solving © 2011 Institute for the Environment • • • Area sources lab Biogenics lab Point sources lab Pregridded sources lab Merge lab Quality assurance lab 4

Overall Goal • Emissions inventory o Usually annual data (i. e. tons/yr) o Reported by source (may be county or coordinate) o By inventory pollutant (CO, NOx, VOC, , , ) © 2011 Institute for the Environment • Air quality model input o o Hourly Gridded By model species May be 3 -D file (layered) 5

Source Categories • Point source characteristics o Country, state, and county (FIPS) o Latitude and longitude o Plant, point, stack, segment, and source category code (SCC) o Ex: power plants, furniture refinishers • Area source characteristics o Country, state, and county o Source category code (SCC) o Ex: residential heating, lawnmowers, vehicular road dust (unpaved road), airports. © 2011 Institute for the Environment 6

Source Categories • Mobile (on-road) source characteristics Country, state, and county Road type (e. g. rural interstate, urban local) Vehicle type (e. g. light/heavy duty gasoline vehicles) Optional link coordinates ( road segment within a county) o Ex: gasoline and diesel vehicles on freeways o o • Biogenic source characteristics o Gridded land use o Ex: crops, corn, soybean, conifer forests, wetlands © 2011 Institute for the Environment 7

Definitions • Inventory pollutant: A compound or group of compounds defined for record-keeping and regulatory purposes (e. g. CO, NOx, VOC, PM 10, PM 2. 5) • Species: A compound or group of compounds defined as part of the estimation of air chemistry in an air quality model (AQM) (e. g. CO, NO 2, PAR, TOL, OLE) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 8

Definitions • Speciation: Convert the inventory pollutant data to the species needed by the AQM (e. g. VOC gets split into PAR, OLE, XYL, TOL, ISOP, and more) • Chemical mechanism: A parameterized representation of coupled chemical reactions (e. g. CB 4, RADM 2, SAPRAC 99, CB 05) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 9

Definitions • Map projection: The mathematical 2 -d representation of the spherical surface of the Earth (Emission and Air Quality Models shares) • Model grid: A 2 -d region based on a map projection; defined by starting coordinates, number of columns and rows, and the physical size of the grid cells © 2011 Institute for the Environment 10

Model Grid Definition © 2011 Institute for the Environment 11

Model Grid Examples © 2011 Institute for the Environment 12

Definitions • Spatial allocation: Convert the source spatial extent to the grid cell resolution needed by the air quality model • Gridding surrogates: A dataset used to spatially allocate the emissions to the grid cells; developed from data at a finer resolution than the emissions (e. g. population, housing, airports, roads) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 13

Definitions • Model layers: Vertical spatial divisions of the atmosphere defined by an air quality model; used to model variations in the atmosphere at different vertical positions • Plume rise: The rising of exhaust from point sources due to the velocity and temperature of the exhaust gases © 2011 Institute for the Environment 14

Definitions • Elevated source: A point source in which emissions extend beyond the first model layer due to plume rise • Plume-in-grid (Pin. G): A special treatment of elevated sources in which the plume rise is modeled with extra detail by the AQM © 2011 Institute for the Environment 15

Definitions • Temporal allocation: Convert the annual or daily inventory data to the hourly data needed by the AQM • Profile data: Factors used for converting inventory emissions data to AQM data • Cross-reference: A dataset used to match sources in the inventory with profile data © 2011 Institute for the Environment 16

Cross-reference Example X-ref table Profiles table State County ID ID Factor 1 Factor 2 NC Durham 14 13 1. 2 10. 4 NC Orange 14 14 1. 4 12. 7 NC Wake 15 15 1. 7 18. 3 SC all 17 16 1. 6 15. 2 17 1. 1 9. 8 © 2011 Institute for the Environment 17

Area Emissions Processing • • • Import data Spatial allocation Speciation Temporal allocation Growth (to a future or past year) and controls Merge © 2011 Institute for the Environment 18

Point Emissions Processing • Import, speciation, temporal allocation, growth/controls, plus… • No surrogates needed for spatial allocation • May have day- and hour-specific emissions • Determine elevated and Pin. G sources • Special processing for elevated and Pin. G sources • Merge © 2011 Institute for the Environment 19

Biogenic Emissions Processing • MEGAN emissions model • Global gridded land cover, emissions factors, and plant functional types • Compute hourly biogenic photochemical and secondary organic aerosol precursors • Adjust estimates using simulated temperature and solar radiation © 2011 Institute for the Environment 20

Merging • Combine independent import, gridding, speciation, temporal allocation, and other steps for a single sourcse category to create model-ready files • Combine multiple source categories into a single data set, called model-ready output for the AQM • Output correct units, species, time steps, grid, and file format for the AQM © 2011 Institute for the Environment 21

Quality Assurance • Compare emission totals from emissions processor with inventory totals (by state, county, SCC, etc. ) • Compare emission totals after each stage of processing • Ensure that input file formats are correct • Ensure that no errors occurred during processing • Compare emissions between states and counties © 2011 Institute for the Environment 22

SMOKE Basics • • • Programs Data flow Shared program details Capabilities Benefits © 2011 Institute for the Environment 23

Emissions Processing Paradigms © 2011 Institute for the Environment 24

SMOKE Programs © 2011 Institute for the Environment 25

SMOKE Data Flow © 2011 Institute for the Environment 26

Capabilities Data Import • Formats o EMS-95: area, mobile, point, and day- and hourspecific point o IDA and ORL (toxics): area, mobile, and point o CEM format : hour-specific point o Pregridded inventories in net. CDF format o Gridded land use • User-defined inventory pollutants o Photochemical precursors, PM, air toxics defined by default; new pollutants can be added as needed o No limit on number of pollutants © 2011 Institute for the Environment 27

Capabilities Spatial Allocation • Convert inventory spatial distribution to 3 -d modeling grid • Input coordinates: Lat-Lon or Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) • Output projections: Lat-Lon, Lambert, equatorial mercator, polar stereographic • No limit on number and size of grid cells • Area: use gridding surrogates or assign lat-lon coordinates • Mobile: apply gridding surrogates • Point: assign point source locations to grid cells © 2011 Institute for the Environment 28

Capabilities Chemical Speciation • Convert inventory VOC and PM pollutants to species required by air quality models • User-defined species, unlimited number • CB 05 and SAPRC-99 mechanisms are readily available; other mechanism speciation can be developed by users • Handles both mole-based and mass-based speciation © 2011 Institute for the Environment 29

Capabilities Temporal Allocation • Convert inventory temporal coverage to hourly estimates • Supports monthly, weekly, and hourly profiles o Allows different hourly profiles for each day of the week • Can use average-day or annual inventory data • Point sources can use day- and hour-specific data • Biogenics based on meteorology data • Automatic accounting for holidays © 2011 Institute for the Environment 30

Capabilities Growth and Controls • Uses year-specific growth factors to grow inventories to future or past years • Several types of multiplicative and reactivity controls • Location and source IDs for area and mobile • Source-specific for Point • Pollutant-specific growth and controls © 2011 Institute for the Environment 31

Capabilities Biogenics Processing • MEGAN can be run outside of SMOKE and configured to output SMOKE-formatted files • Merge MEGAN data with anthropogenic emissions for input to AQMs • Several chemical mechanisms (CB 4, CB 05, and SAPRC 99) are readily available to convert VOC estimates from MEGAN to AQM species • Support NO and VOC emission factors only © 2011 Institute for the Environment 32

Capabilities Point Source Processing • Annual, Day- and/or hour-specific data by pollutant • Supports customized source definition based on different text inventory formats • Selects elevated and Pin. G sources • Can import hourly data such as Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 33

Capabilities Elevated Source Options • Two options for defining elevated sources 1. Define characteristics of elevated sources and allow AQMto computes plume rise 2. Treat all sources as potentially elevated; SMOKE computes plume rise • Select Pin. G sources; SMOKE outputs special Pin. G file • Allocate 2 -d area sources to vertical layers using vertical profiles © 2011 Institute for the Environment 34

Benefits of SMOKE • Faster processing than other systems (pre-compiled Linux program) • Flexible processing paradigm for multiple grids, control strategies, chemical mechanisms, etc. • Machine-independent binary file format (net. CDF-I/O API) • No grid or inventory size limits • No limit to number of pollutants or species • Processing for ozone, toxics, PM, wildfires, offshore, lightening, and aircraft modeling • Open source codes for users • Output for CMAQ, MAQSIP, UAM-V, CAMx, UAMAERO, REMSAD, and AERMOD © 2011 Institute for the Environment 35

SMOKE Libraries and Utilities • Libraries: I/O API, Net. CDF • Analysis/Postprocessing: I/O API Tools • Ancillary data tools: Spatial Allocator, Speciation Tool • Visualization: PAVE, VERDI, IDV © 2011 Institute for the Environment 36

SMOKE Libraries and Utilities • Library files provide an easy way for programs to share commonly used subroutines; three libraries used by CMAQ • I/O API - an easy-to-learn, easy-to-use programming library for data storage and access, available for both Fortran and C • net. CDF - an interface for array-oriented data access and a library that provides an implementation of the interface © 2011 Institute for the Environment 37

I/O API Library • The Input/Output Applications Programming Interface contains an extensive set of utility routines for manipulating dates and times, performing coordinate conversions, storing and recalling grid definitions, sparse matrix arithmetic, etc. , as well as a set of data -manipulation and statistical analysis programs • Command line programs that are easy to script for automating analysis and post processing • http: //www. baronams. com/products/ioapi/ • Examples of I/O API utilities © 2011 Institute for the Environment 38

net. CDF Library • The Network Common Data Form is an interface to a library of data access functions for storing and retrieving data in the form of arrays • An abstraction that supports a view of data as a collection of self-describing, network-transparent objects that can be accessed through a simple interface • By using direct file access, net. CDF achieves the goal of supporting efficient access to small subsets of large datasets • www. unidata. ucar. edu/packages/netcdf/ © 2011 Institute for the Environment 39

I/O API Tools • m 3 diff: for computing statistics for pairs of variables and for applying various comparison ("differencing") operations to those variables in a pair of files • m 3 edhdr: edit header attributes/file descriptive parameters • m 3 merge: merges selected variables from a set of input files for a specified time period, and writes them to a single output file, with optional variablerenaming in the process • vertot: compute vertical-column totals of variables in a file © 2011 Institute for the Environment 40

The Surrogate Tool • Creates spatial surrogates from GIS Shapefile attributes or functions of the attributes • Merges surrogates o 0. 75*Total Road Miles + 0. 25*Population • Gapfills surrogates • prevents dropping of emissions with up to four levels of coverage © 2011 Institute for the Environment 41

Speciation Tool • Generates chemical speciation profiles for emission models, including SMOKE • Converts VOC and PM mass fractions to photochemical mechanism species • Supports any defined chemical mechanism • Supports both VOC and PM species • Supports integrated and non-integrated HAPS • Supports both active and tracer toxics © 2011 Institute for the Environment 42

PAVE • Package for Analysis and Visualization of Environmental data is a UNIX/Linux graphics tool for net. CDF and UAM formatted data • PAVE is a flexible and distributed application to visualize multivariate gridded environmental datasets • Easily scriptable to automate plot generation • Creates 2 -d tile plots, time series, 3 -d mesh plots, bar charts, scatter plots, and integrates observations into graphics • http: //www. cmascenter. org/html/models. html © 2011 Institute for the Environment 43

VERDI • Visualization Environment for Rich Data Interpretation is Java graphics tool for I/O APInet. CDF formatted data • VERDI was developed as a replacement for PAVE • Easily scriptable to automate plot generation • Creates 2 -d tile plots, time series, 3 -d mesh plots, bar charts, scatter plots, and integrates observations into graphics • http: //www. verdi-tool. org © 2011 Institute for the Environment 44

IDV • Integrated Data Viewer is a Java graphics tool that supports multiple data formats • IDV is a 3 -d visualization tool • Scriptable to automate plot generation • In addition to standard output formats (gif, mpeg, etc), also can output kmz files. • http: //www. unidata. ucar. edu/software/idv/ • Current version is IDV 2. 7 update 1 © 2011 Institute for the Environment 45

Running SMOKE • • • Assigns file Files and directory names Default directory structure Case and episode settings Script structure © 2011 Institute for the Environment 46

Assigns File • Sets directory names and file names for input and output files • Sets case-specific (global) settings like grid, chemical mechanism, and episode dates • Used when running scripts and when working directly with files • Always “source your Assigns file” > cd $SMK_HOME/subsys/smoke/assigns > source ASSIGNS. nei 96. cmaq. cb 4 p 25. us 36 © 2011 Institute for the Environment 47

Main Directories SMKROOT: Main SMOKE system directory – – Assigns file Run scripts Program source code Executables ($SMK_HOME) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 48

Main Directories SMKDAT: Main SMOKE data directory – Inventories – Cross-reference and profile data – Intermediate and output files © 2011 Institute for the Environment 49

Inventory Directories INVDIR: Main inventory directory – ARDAT: Area source inventory data – BGDAT: Biogenics land use data – MBDAT: Mobile source inventory data – PTDAT: Point source inventory data © 2011 Institute for the Environment 50

Other Input Directories GE_DAT: General data directory – Grid descriptions – Cross-reference and profile data – Other inputs (holidays, country/state/county names, stack parameters, SCC/SIC description names, etc. ) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 51

Other Input Directories MET_DAT: Meteorology data directory – Hourly, gridded meteorology data from MCIP © 2011 Institute for the Environment 52

Intermediate Output Directories INVOPD: Intermediate inventory directory – Output from Smkinven and Grwinven © 2011 Institute for the Environment 53

Intermediate Output Directories SCENARIO: Time-dependent output directory – Output from Temporal and Laypoint © 2011 Institute for the Environment 54

Intermediate Output Directories STATIC: Time-independent output directory – Output from Grdmat, Spcmat, Cntlmat, Elevpoint, Mbsetup, Premobl, and Emisfac © 2011 Institute for the Environment 55

Model-Ready Output Directories A_OUT: Merged area output directory B_OUT: Merged biogenic output directory M_OUT: Merged mobile output directory P_OUT: Merged point output directory OUTPUT: Final merged output directory © 2011 Institute for the Environment 56

Report Directories REPSTAT: Timeindependent reports directory - Reports containing emissions that are not temporalized REPSCEN: Timedependent reports directory - Reports containing temporalized emissions © 2011 Institute for the Environment 57

Overall Settings GRID: Grid name used in naming files IOAPI_GRIDNAME_1: Grid name used in grid description file SPC: Chemical speciation name - cmaq. cb 4 p 25 - cmaq. saprc 99 pm - remsad 7. cb 4 mpm © 2011 Institute for the Environment 58

Episode Settings EPI_STDATE: Episode start date (YYYYDDD) EPI_STTIME: Episode start time (HHMMSS) EPI_RUNLEN: Episode run length (HHHMMSS) EPI_NDAY: Number of days in the episode G_STDATE: Start date for each output file G_STTIME: Start time for each output file G_RUNLEN: Length of each output file ESDATE: Start date used in file names © 2011 Institute for the Environment 59

Basic SMOKE Script Structure • • • Set Assigns file name Set source category Select which programs to run Program-specific settings Multiple-program settings Script settings Assigns file override settings Source the Assigns file Run main SMOKE programs (smk_run. csh) Run Smkreport (qa_run. csh) Loop through days for time-dependent steps © 2011 Institute for the Environment 60

Training Details • Inventory o 2005 West Asia and Europe inventory • Pollutants o CO, NOx, VOC, SO 2, NH 3, PM 10, PM 2. 5 • Domains o Arabian Gulf 36 km and UAE 12 km • Period o July 7, 2009 © 2011 Institute for the Environment 61

Training Domains West Asia 36 and 12 -km domains © 2011 Institute for the Environment 62

SMOKE Programs • • Smkinven Grdmat Spcmat Cntlmat Grwinven Temporal Layalloc © 2011 Institute for the Environment • • Elevpoint Laypoint MEGAN Smkmerge Mrggrid Mrgelev Smk 2 emis Smkreport 63

SMOKE Programs © 2011 Institute for the Environment 64

Area Source Processing © 2011 Institute for the Environment 65

Area Source Processing © 2011 Institute for the Environment 66

Smkinven (1) • Imports area, mobile, or point source inventories • Inputs Inventory file Country/state/county codes Inventory table Day-specific files(s) ARINV|MBINV|PTINV COSTCY INVTABLE PTDAY Hour-specific files(s) PTHOUR Replacement stack parameters PSTK Area-to-point assignments ARTOPNT © 2011 Institute for the Environment 67

Smkinven (2) • Outputs SMOKE inventory file AREA|MOBL|PNTS Text file listing several files: area. ncf, asrc. txt, area_dat/<pollutant>. ncf SMOKE day-specific file PDAY SMOKE hour-specific file Inventory SCC list PHOUR [A|M|P]SCC Import report REPINVEN © 2011 Institute for the Environment 68

Smkinven (3) • Major settings SMK_SOURCE [A|M|P] sets source category DAY_SPECIFIC_YN Y = import day-specific data HOUR_SPECIFIC_YN Y = import hour-specific data SMK_ARTOPNT_YN Y = assign coordinates to specified sources SMKINVEN_FORMULA “PMC=PM 10 -PM 2_5” to compute coarse PM from PM 10 and PM 2. 5 WEST_HSPHERE Y = convert stack coordinates to Western hemisphere © 2011 Institute for the Environment 69

Grdmat (1) • Creates area, mobile, or point source gridding matrix to assign inventory emissions to model grid cells. • Inputs SMOKE inventory file AREA|MOBL|PNTS Gridding cross-reference [A|M]GREF Gridding surrogates description file SRGDESC Grid description file GRIDDESC Mobile codes MCODES © 2011 Institute for the Environment 70

Grdmat (2) • Outputs Gridding matrix Ungridding matrix Surrogate codes by source • Major settings SMK_SOURCE REPORT_DEFAULTS SMK_DEFAULT_SRGID © 2011 Institute for the Environment [A|M|P]GMAT MUMAT [A|M]GSUP [A|M|P] sets source category Y = reports when default profile is used Default surrogate code to use when primary surrogate would cause zero emissions 71

Spcmat (1) • Creates area, mobile, or point source speciation matrices for mass- and mole-based factors • Inputs SMOKE inventory file Speciation profiles Speciation cross-reference Pollutant conversion file AREA|MOBL|PNTS GSPRO GSREF GSCNV Mobile codes MCODES Mobile emission processes MEPROC Inventory table INVTABLE © 2011 Institute for the Environment 72

Spcmat (2) • Outputs Mole speciation matrix Mass speciation matrix Speciation codes by source • Major settings SMK_SOURCE REPORT_DEFAULTS [A|M|P]SMAT_L [A|M|P]SMAT_S [A|M|P]SUP [A|M|P] sets source category Y = reports when default profile is used POLLUTANT_CONVERSION Y = use GSCNV file © 2011 Institute for the Environment 73

Temporal (1) • Computes hourly area, mobile, or point source emissions • Inputs SMOKE inventory file SMOKE day-specific file SMOKE hour-specific file Temporal profiles AREA|MOBL|PNTS PDAY PHOUR [A|M|P]TPRO Temporal cross-reference file [A|M|P]TREF Inventory table INVTABLE © 2011 Institute for the Environment 74

Temporal (2) • Inputs (continued) Country/state/county codes Holiday identification file COSTCY HOLIDAYS • Outputs Hourly emissions file Temporal profile codes by source © 2011 Institute for the Environment [A|M|P]TMP [A|M|P]TSUP 75

Temporal (3) • Major settings SMK_SOURCE G_STDATE G_STTIME G_RUNLEN OUTZONE DAY_SPECIFIC_YN HOUR_SPECIFIC_YN REPORT_DEFAULTS SMK_AVEDAY_YN © 2011 Institute for the Environment [A|M|P] sets source category Output file start date (YYYYDDD) Output file start time (HHMMSS) Output file duration (HHMMSS) Output time zone Y = use day-specific data Y = use hour-specific data Y = report when default profile is used Y = use average-day emissions 76

Cntlmat (1) • Creates area, mobile, or point source growth and/or control matrices • Inputs SMOKE inventory file Control packets file Speciation profiles (reactivity controls only) © 2011 Institute for the Environment AREA|MOBL|PNTS GCNTL GSPRO 77

Cntlmat (2) • Outputs Growth matrix Mole reactivity matrix Mass reactivity matrix Reactivity supplemental file Multiplicative control matrix /CONTROL/ packet report /REACTIVITY/ packet report /PROJECTION/ packet report Summary report © 2011 Institute for the Environment [A|M|P]PMAT [A|M|P]RMAT_L [A|M|P]RMAT_S [A|M|P]RSUP [A|M|P]CMAT [A|M|P]CREP [A|M|P]REACREP [A|M|P]PROJREP [A|M|P]CSUMREP 78

Cntlmat (3) • Major settings SMK_SOURCE REPORT_DEFAULTS © 2011 Institute for the Environment [A|M|P] sets source category Y = report when default control is used 79

Grwinven • Grows an inventory using the growth and control matrices from Cntlmat • Inputs SMOKE inventory file AREA|MOBL|PNTS Growth and control matrices [A|M|P]CMAT[##] • Outputs SMOKE inventory file AREA_O|MOBL_O|PNTS_O Text inventory file ARINV_O|MBINV_O|PTINV_O • Major settings SMK_NUM_CNTLMAT Number of matrices SMK_OUTPUTIDA_YN Y = output raw IDA inventory © 2011 Institute for the Environment 80

Smkmerge (1) • Merges any set of intermediate SMOKE files to create model-ready output files and/or state/county emission total reports • Inputs SMOKE inventory files AREA Gridding matrices AGMAT Hourly emissions ATMP Speciation matrices ASMAT © 2011 Institute for the Environment 81

Smkmerge (2) • Inputs (continued) Grid description file Multiplicative control matrices Reactivity control matrices Country/state/county codes GRIDDESC ACMAT ARMAT COSTCY Inventory table INVTABLE © 2011 Institute for the Environment 82

Smkmerge (3) • Outputs Emissions data State/county report © 2011 Institute for the Environment [A]G[T][S][_S|_L] REP[A]G[T][S][_S|_L] 83

Smkmerge (4) • Major settings MRG_SOURCE [A][B][M][P] indicates which source categories to merge MRG_SPCMAT_YN Y = merge speciation matrices MRG_TEMPORAL_YN Y = merge hourly emissions MRG_CTLMAT_MULT [A][M][P] merge mult. controls MRG_CTLMAT_REAC [A][M][P] merge reac. controls MRG_GRDOUT_YN Y = output gridded file MRG_REPSTA_YN Y = output state total report MRG_REPCNY_YN Y = output county total report © 2011 Institute for the Environment 84

Smkmerge (5) • Major settings (continued) MRG_GRDOUT_UNIT Units for gridded output (_S/_L) MRG_TOTOUT_UNIT Units for state/county totals MRG_METCHK_YN Y = check the consistency of meteorology scenario name across multiple input files (mobile/biogenic/point) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 85

Point Source Processing © 2011 Institute for the Environment 86

Elevpoint (1) • Identifies elevated point sources by setting criteria of stack parameters • Inputs SMOKE inventory file PNTS Grid description file GRIDDESC Elevated source selection file (Stack height, Diameter, Top 10 NOx emitter) PELVCONFIG © 2011 Institute for the Environment 87

Elevpoint (2) • Outputs Elevated sources identification file PELV Pin. G stack parameters file (CMAQ) STACK_GROUPS • Major settings SMK_PING_METHOD SMK_ELEV_METHOD © 2011 Institute for the Environment 0 = no Pin. G sources 1 = use PELVCONFIG to select Pin. G sources 0 = treat all sources as elevated 1 = use PELVCONFIG to select elevated sources 2 = create INLN input file for CMAQ in-line plume rise 88

Laypoint (1) • Calculates plume rise layer fractions for elevated point sources to distribute into modeling layers • Inputs SMOKE inventory file PNTS SMOKE hour-specific file (stack parameters or plume rise) : fires only PHOUR Elevated source identification file PELV Meteorology data files from MCIP GRID_CRO_2 D MET_CRO_3 D MET_DOT_3 D © 2011 Institute for the Environment 89

Laypoint (2) • Outputs Layer fractions file PLAY Explicit layer fractions file (hourly PLAY_EX specific non-traditional point only) • Major settings REP_LAYER_MAX Max Layer number to report higher plumes than the layer SMK_EMLAYS Number of modeling emission layers interested in. SMK_SPECELEV_YN Y = use PELV file HOUR_PLUMEDATA_YN Y = import plume rise data © 2011 Institute for the Environment 90

Smkmerge (1) • Merges any set of intermediate SMOKE files to create model-ready output files and/or state/county emission total reports • Inputs SMOKE inventory files PNTS Gridding matrices PGMAT Hourly emissions PTMP Speciation matrices PSMAT Layer fractions file PLAY|PLAY_EX © 2011 Institute for the Environment 91

Smkmerge (2) • Inputs (continued) Grid description file Multiplicative control matrices Reactivity control matrices Country/state/county codes Inventory table Elevated source identification file © 2011 Institute for the Environment GRIDDESC PCMAT PRMAT COSTCY INVTABLE PELV 92

Smkmerge (3) • Outputs Emissions data Pin. G emissions (CMAQ) State/county report UAM-style elevated file © 2011 Institute for the Environment [P]G[T][S][3 D][_S|_L] PING[T][S][_S|_L] REP[P]G[T][S][_S|_L] ELEV[T][S][_S|_L] 93

Smkmerge (4) • Major settings MRG_LAYERS_YN Y = merge layer fractions SMK_ASCIIELEV_YN Y = create UAM-style elevated point source file (UAM style) SMK_PING_METHOD 0 = no Pin. G 1 = create output Pin. G file © 2011 Institute for the Environment 94

Biogenic Source Processing © 2011 Institute for the Environment 95

MEGAN • TXT 2 NCF o Converts gridded text (CSV) file of plant functional types (PFTs) and plant-based emissions factors to net. CDF format • MEGAN o Computes hourly biogenic emissions by apply meteorology (temp/pressure) into gridded normalized emissions • MG 2 IOAPI o Applies speciation factors to convert MEGAN output species to AQM pollutants. © 2011 Institute for the Environment 96

Mrggrid • Final step in preparation of air quality model emissions • Merges 2 -d and 3 -d model-ready emissions files (ex: Point + Area + Biogenic) • Inputs List of logical file names to merge FILELIST • Outputs Output emissions file © 2011 Institute for the Environment OUTFILE 97

Smkreport (1) • Generates a variety of user-defined emissions summary reports for area, mobile, and point sources • Inputs Report configuration file SMOKE inventory file Hourly emissions file Temporal profile codes by source Gridding matrix Surrogate codes by source © 2011 Institute for the Environment REPCONFIG AREA|MOBL|PNTS [A|M|P]TMP [A|M|P]TSUP [A|M|P]GMAT [A|M]GSUP 98

Smkreport (2) • Inputs (continued) Speciation matrix Speciation profile codes by source Layer fractions file Country/state/county codes Elevated source identification file © 2011 Institute for the Environment [A|M|P]SMAT [A|M|P]SSUP PLAY COSTCY PELV 99

Smkreport (3) • Outputs Any number of report files REPORT 1 REPORT 2 REPORT 3, etc. • Major settings – Most options are controlled by the report configuration file – More details are in the REPCONFIG documentation in Chapter 7 of the user’s manual © 2011 Institute for the Environment 100

SMOKE Problem Solving • • Examining log files Common problems Smkreport program SMOKE support © 2011 Institute for the Environment 101

Examining Log Files • Every program outputs a log file • Check for normal completion of program • Fix any errors o Check file formats o Confirm locations of files o Internal errors are not usually fixable by the user • Check any warnings o May not be a problem, but need to confirm © 2011 Institute for the Environment 102

Common Problems (1) • Problem: Program is reporting that an output file cannot be opened • Solution: o Check that the directory listed in the log file is valid and exists o Delete the existing output file listed in the log file and rerun; the I/O API library will not overwrite files with different header information than the new file © 2011 Institute for the Environment 103

Common Problems (2) • Problem: Output file is not in the expected location after the program finishes • Solution: o Check that the program completed successfully o Check the log file to find out the logical file name of the output file o Ensure that the logical file name is defined in the Assigns file or scripts © 2011 Institute for the Environment 104

Common Problems (3) • Problem: Program is ending because an input file is not available • Solution: o Check the log file to find the name and location of the input file o Ensure that the logical file name is defined in the Assigns file or scripts o Check that the directory and file name of the input file is correct o If the input file is generated by another program, make sure that program completed successfully © 2011 Institute for the Environment 105

Smkreport • Can compare emissions at each stage of processing and with inventory totals • Output files can be imported into spreadsheet programs for further analysis • Supports the selection and grouping of inventory sources o Report by source, inventory sector ID, source characteristics, etc. © 2011 Institute for the Environment 106

SMOKE Support • User’s Manual • EPA CHIEF (www. epa. gov/ttn/chief/index. html) • CMAS Help Desk (www. cmascenter. org) • Emissions modeling email list (emregional@listserv. unc. edu) © 2011 Institute for the Environment 107