Skin Cancer Skin cancer is the most common

Skin Cancer Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer 2 out of 5 cancers are skin cancers

Skin Cancer · Cancer – uncontrolled cell growth · Caused by damage to the DNA (in the nucleus) usually through chemicals or radiation Slide 4. 29

Tumor Types · Two types of tumors · Benign · · Does not spread (encapsulated) Malignant: these are the cancerous ones · Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body

Prevention n Ultraviolet Radiation is the main cause of all skin cancers

Skin Cancer Types · Basal cell carcinoma · Least malignant - Most common type · Arises from stratum basale · cannot produce keratin · Boundary lost between dermis and epidermis · 90% of skin cancers are basal cell · Seldom metastasizes – treated surgically or by radiation – 99% cure rate if caught early Slide 4. 30

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Skin Cancer Types · Squamous cell carcinoma · 2 nd most common skin cancer – most common in darker skinned people · Arises from stratum spinosum · Metastasizes to lymph nodes if left untreated · 1500 -2000 deaths in US per year · Early removal allows a good chance of cure Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 4. 30

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cumulative Effects n n n IMPORTANT TO KNOW Basal cell & squamous cell carcinomas are due to cumulative effects of the sun’s radiation (or chemical exposures as well) These tend to develop in ages 30 -40 s after years of daily sun exposure

Skin Cancer Types · Malignant melanoma · Least common BUT most deadly of skin cancers · Originates melanocytes · Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels · Early detection is critical – see notes for survival rates Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 4. 31

Intensive Effects n n n Malignant Melanoma tends to occur in younger ages (as well as older people) It is due to brief intense exposures (aka: sunburns) This is the most serious form of skin cancer and MUST be caught early to be treated successfully!

ABCD Rule · A = Asymmetry · Two sides of pigmented mole do not match · B = Border irregularity · Borders of mole are not smooth · C = Color · Different colors in pigmented area · D = Diameter · Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter (pencil eraser) · Mole starts growing/changing in size Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 4. 32

Malignant Melanoma

Melanomas

Melanomas

Burns

Burns · Define: Protein denaturation and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals · 2 main dangers · Dehydration–Loss of fluids & Electrolytes lead to: ·Renal Shutdown ·Circulatory shock · Infection ·Skin (mechanical)barrier lost ·Immune system depresses Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 4. 25

Rule of nines diagram n Used to estimate the % extent of skin burned so doctors will know how much fluid to replace for rehydration to prevent n n n Circulatory shock Renal failure Need to memorize & be able to use

Partial Thickness Burns · First-degree burns · Only epidermis is damaged · Local redness, swelling, & pain · Usually heal in 2 -3 days (short time period) with NO scarring Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 4. 27

Partial Thickness Burns · Second degree burns · Epidermis and upper dermis & structures within dermis are damaged · Appearance of blisters of any size · Skin regeneration in 3 -4 weeks with some scarring · There is a danger of infection Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 4. 27

Full Thickness Burns · Third-degree burns · Epidermis, Dermis and all structures within are completely destroyed · Usually painless at site of burn due to destruction of sense recept · Burn is gray-white, tan, brown, black, or deep cherry red · Surrounded by areas of 1 st & 2 nd degree burns that will be painful · Treatments are numerous but will involve skin grafting of some sort, fluid replacement and debridement – may take months/years Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 4. 27

All degrees of burns

n 'Burns surgery for Sum Maya' hi-res | International Nepal Fellowship

Other Integumentary System disorders May help with WS

Athlete’s Foot

Boils Cold Sores

Skin Homeostatic Imbalances · Infections and allergies · Contact dermatitis · Exposures cause allergic reaction · Impetigo · Caused by bacterial infection · Psoriasis · Cause is unknown · Triggered by trauma, infection, stress Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 4. 24

Impetigo Psoriasis