Skin Cancer 9 th Grade Skin Cancer Facts
- Slides: 22
Skin Cancer 9 th Grade
Skin Cancer Facts • Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the U. S. and accounts for approximately 50% of all cancers. • The incidence of skin cancer is greater than breast, lung, prostate, colon, and kidney cancers added together. • One in five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. • About one million people are diagnosed with skin cancer every year in the U. S. • One American dies every hour from skin cancer.
Types of Skin Cancer • Basal cell carcinoma • Squamous cell carcinoma • Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma • Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed skin cancer (2. 8 million every year in U. S. ). • This skin cancer occurs in heavily sun-exposed areas of the skin. • This type of skin cancer usually appears on the face, neck, ears, lips, and nose. • Basal cell carcinoma rarely results in death, but it can spread and cause more serious health problems.
Basal Cell Carcinoma • Basal cell carcinomas typically occur as light pink or flesh-colored bumps with pearly or waxy appearances. • They grow slowly and are almost never fatal but, if neglected, they can grow to the point where disfiguring surgery is necessary to remove them. • Although common in all areas of the country, it is especially prevalent in southern states.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin cancer (700, 000 cases every year in U. S. ). • It is more aggressive than basal and can spread to other parts of the body and may result in death (approximately 2, 500/year). • Squamous cell carcinoma also tends to occur in the most heavily sun-exposed areas of the skin.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Squamous cell carcinomas often start as flat red or brown splotches which become rough, dry, and scaly. • If not treated, they may eventually grow large enough to spread to nearby internal organs and be fatal. • It occurs in all areas of the country, but is more prevalent in southern states.
Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas Approximately 1 million cases of basal and squamous cell carcinomas are diagnosed each year in the U. S. Good news: With early detection and treatment, basal and squamous cell carcinomas have a cure rate of more than 95%.
Melanoma • Malignant melanoma is the most deadly of the three types of cancer. • Melanoma accounts for less than 5% of the skin cancer cases. • It causes more than 75% of the skin cancer deaths. • Melanoma causes about 8, 790 deaths each year in the U. S. Source: CDC http: //www. cdc. gov/cancer/skin/ http: //www. skincancer. org/
Melanoma • Melanoma cases are increasing faster than any other cancer. • Melanoma is the most common cancer among 25 -29 year-olds and second for 15 -29 yearolds. • Vulnerability to melanoma begins at age 12, much earlier than other skin cancers. • If not removed early, while thin, melanoma often grows rapidly, spreads to distant internal organs, and is fatal. • It is equally likely to occur in all areas of the country. Source: CDC http: //www. cdc. gov/cancer/skin/ http: //www. skincancer. org/
Ordinary Moles ORDINARY MOLES have all of these features: • Round or oval shape • Sharp, even borders with skin • Uniform color (usually brown) • Less than 1/4 inch wide • Cauliflower or smooth surface • Even dome shape if mole is raised http: //www. skincheck. org/
Atypical Melanoma Moles ATYPICAL MOLES often have one or more of these features: • Irregular shape • Uneven and/or fuzzy borders with skin • Two or more shades of brown or pink • 1/4 inch wide or more • Cauliflower or smooth surface • Flat edges with "fried egg" center if mole is raised http: //www. skincheck. org/
Risk Factors for Skin Cancer • Fair skin • Light hair color • Family history of skin cancer • Blistering sunburn before the age of 20 • Atypical moles • Indoor tanning • Large number of normal moles
Controllable Risk Factors Risk Factor Intermittent exposure of normally covered skin to strong sunlight Risk Percentage High One blistering sunburn under the age of 20 2 times as likely Three or more blistering sunburns under the age of 20 5 times as likely One tanning bed session under the age of 30 Almost 2 times as likely Ten or more tanning bed sessions in one year under the age of 30 Almost 8 times as likely
Warning Signs of Melanoma Any change in a mole, blemish, freckle, birthmark, or pigmented area A new mole or freckle that appears or is growing rapidly, especially if you don't have many moles, or the new mole or freckle looks different from those you do have
A mole or other growth that has any of the ABCD properties: A = Asymmetry Radial melanomas are often unsymmetrical; an imaginary line through the middle does not produce matching halves B = Border The borders of radial melanomas may be uneven, fuzzy, or have notched or scalloped edges.
C = Color Radial melanomas often begin to show color changes in areas, with shades of black, brown, tan, and sometimes other colors. D = Diameter Unlike normal or atypical moles, radial melanomas often grow larger than the width of a pencil eraser.
Warning Signs of Melanoma A change in surface texture or in the way a mole feels to the touch A new "freckle" that is dark, dry, or scaly A pigmented area or splotch that is new or that you don't remember seeing before
Warning Signs of Melanoma A new spot that is black, even if very small A mole or other spot that looks or behaves differently than those around it, even if it seems otherwise normal A mole or other spot that itches and/or bleeds Redness, other color, or shadow extending into the surrounding skin
Does where we live matter? Figures, rounded to the nearest ten, are from American Cancer Society Cancer Facts & Figures 2011.
UV Index Ultraviolet Rays (UV) – The ozone layer shields the earth from harmful UV radiation. Ozone depletion, weather and the seasons cause different amounts of UV radiation to reach the earth. **Note: Slide must be in display mode for websites to be active. ** UV Index – Click here for an explanation of UV Index for your town – Use this link to see the current UV index in your town.
Sun Smart In your group, discuss and record ways to reduce your chances of skin cancer.
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