Overview of the Open Geospatial Consortium Raj Singh

Overview of the Open Geospatial Consortium Raj Singh Director, Interoperability Programs rsingh@opengeospatial. org +1 617 642 -9372 Venice, Italy 10 December 2007 © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically

OGC Background © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically

Who is OGC • an industry consortium for standards development • software companies: Oracle, ESRI, Map. Info, Intergraph, Leica (Ionic), Google, Yahoo, Microsoft • large users: US Do. D, US Geologic Survey, Natural Resources Canada, European Commission Joint Resource Center, India Ministry of IT, UN FAO • consultants: BAE Systems, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, engineering firms, GIS consulting firms © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 3

Our Vision A world in which all people and institutions use and benefit from spatial information and supporting technology geospatial ubiquity… © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 4

Open Standards. . . open standards prevent a single, self-interested party from controlling a standard, facilitate competition by lowering the cost of entry, and stimulate innovation beyond the standard by companies that seek to differentiate themselves. Customers value the interoperability that open standards provide and generally benefit from not being locked into a particular supplier. Source: Open Standards, Open Source, and Open Innovation: Harnessing the Benefits of Openness, April 2006. Committee For Economic Development. http: //www. ced. org © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 5

What does “open” mean? • Freely and publicly available • Non discriminatory • No license fees • Vendor neutral • Data neutral • Agreed to by a formal, member based consensus process! © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 6

Why Are Open Standards and Interoperability Important? • Without Standards and Interoperability, there would be no: – Internet or Web – Telephone / Cellular Technology – Transportation Systems – Electric Power Distribution • These industries offer huge benefits and enjoy widespread acceptance as a result of using standards that enable interoperability – should spatial be any different? © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 7

Some History • late 1980 s: Open GRASS Consortium • 1990 s: Open. GIS Consortium – Abstract Specification – Simple Features for SQL • late 1990 s: Open Geospatial Consortium – Interoperability Program – Web Mapping Service (WMS) • 2000 s: – maturity – WFS, WCS, CSW, GML – major international government adoption: US Do. D, NATO, EU, Canada) © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 8

OGC Today • 340 members worldwide – 31 countries & 5 continents – 125+ European members – 35+ Asia-Pacific members • 90+ Academic and Research Members • 17 approved, publicly available Implementation Specifications fielded in hundreds of products • 30+ candidate Implementation Specifications in work • Significant interaction with ISO, W 3 C, OASIS, Web 3 D Consortium and many other standards organizations • Hundreds of OGC based products in the marketplace © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 9

Major Standards © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically

The Foundation Standards • Web Mapping Service (WMS) – requests to get basic maps for Web pages • Web Feature Service (WFS) – requests to get vector data • Geography Markup Language (GML) – XML data encoding • Web Coverage Service (WCS) – requests to get imagery/satellite data • Catalog Service for the Web (CSW) – requests to search for data A diversity of geospatial information (e. g. , vector, raster, gridded, and metadata) can be managed through Open. GIS web services in a Net Centric context. © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 11

Anatomy of a Web Request http: //www. server. com: 8080/geoserver/wfs? request=Get. Capabilities&service=WFS&version=1. 0. 0 laptop Web Browser host name lookup DNS server Linux Operating System <xml> <City. Model > <gml: bounded. By> <gml: coordinates >100. 0, 100. 0</gml: coordinates > </gml: Box> </gml: bounded. By> </City. Model> Tomcat Java Servlet Engine on port 8080 Geoserver Postgre. SQL/Post. GIS Database © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 12

Web Mapping Service (WMS) Standard WMS enables sharing of views of data – simple raster maps – without sharing the actual data. 1. Client sends WMS HTTP request: http: //www. usgs. gov/wms. asp? wms=USMap&LAYERS =USGSquadrangles&FORMAT=image/png&VERSION =1. 1. 1 &SERVICE=WMS&REQUEST=Get. Map&CRS =EPSG: 4326&BBOX=-180, -90, 180, 90&WIDTH =800&HEIGHT=600 SERVER WMS request specifies: • Server Internet address • Data layer • Return image type (png, etc. ) • WMS version and request type • Coordinate reference system • Bounding box Raster map can be created from gridded or vector data. 2. Server returns raster map © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically CLIENT 13

GML: Representing Geographic Features Another Information Community’s Schema Highway is: _Pavement thickness _Right of way _Width …. One Information Community’s Schema Road is: _Width _Lanes _Pavement type …. Cell tower is: _Owner _Height _Licensees …. GML defines a data encoding in XML that allows geographic data and its attributes to be moved between disparate systems Cell transm. Platform is: _Location _No. of antennas _Elevation …. Mayberry’s Cell Tower (an instance of Cell Transm. Platform in another IC’s schema) Mayberry Road (an instance of Road in one IC’s schema) © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 14

GML Instance Example <City. Model > <gml: name>Cambridge</gml: name> <gml: bounded. By> <gml: Box srs. Name="http: //www. opengis. net/gml/srs/epsg. xml#4326"> <gml: coordinates>0. 0, 0. 0</gml: coordinates > <gml: coordinates >100. 0, 100. 0< /gml: coordinates > </gml: Box> </gml: bounded. By> … <city. Member> <Road> <gml: name>M 11</gml: name> <linear. Geometry> <gml: Line. String srs. Name="http : //www. opengis. net/gml/srs/epsg. xml#4326"> <gml: coordinates>0, 5. 0</gml: coordinates> <gml: coordinates>20. 6, 10. 7</gml: coordinates> <gml: coordinates>80. 5, 60. 9</gml: coordinates> </gml: Line. String> </linear. Geometry> <classification>motorway</classification> <number>11</number> </Road> </city. Member> … <date. Created>2000 -11</date. Created> … </City. Model> © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 15

WMS enables multisource fusion in views of data. First WMS request from client SERVER 1 (Layer=Weather Radar) Second WMS request from client SERVER 2 (Layer=Airports) CLIENT © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 16

Web Feature Service (WFS) Standard • Geospatial data access in a web services architecture • Lightweight, message-oriented data exchange • Does not replace native GIS! © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 17

WFS Get. Capabilities Operation Get. Capabilities <Service> <Name>Cube. Werx WFS</Name> <Title>Cube. Werx Web Feature Service</Title> <Abstract>Web Feature Server maintained by X. </Abstract> <Online. Resource>http: //www. server. com/wfs. cgi? </Online. Resource> </Service> Client <Capability> <!-- defines which WFS operations this service supports, what DCP is supported --> <!-- for each service and what the entry points is for each operation--> </Capability> Request Web Feature WFS <!– Defines the list of feature types that this instance can operate upon and --> <!-- which operations are supported on each feature type--> Response <Feature. Type. List> <Operations> <Query/> </Operations> <Feature. Type> <Name>Roads</Name> <SRS>EPSG: 4326</SRS> <Lat. Long. Bounding. Box minx="-179" miny="-85“ maxx="179“ maxy="83"/> http: //www. server. com/wfs. cgi? reques=Get. Capabilities&service=WFS&version=1. 1. 0 <Operations> <Insert/> <Update/> <Delete/> Server </Operations> </Feature. Type. List> Opaque Feature Store <!– Defines the capabilities of the filter supported by this feature instance--> <ogc: Filter_Capabilities> <ogc: Spatial_Operators> <ogc: BBOX/> </ogc: Spatial_Operators> </ogc: Spatial_Capabilities> </ogc: Filter_Capabilitites> © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 18

WFS Describe. Feature. Type Operation Describe. Feature. Type Client <? xml version="1. 0" ? > <complex. Type name=“Roads"> <complex. Content> <extension base="gml: Abstract. Feature. Type"> <sequence> <element name=”GEOM“ type="gml: Line. String"> <element name="SURFACE_TYPE" type=“xs: string” /> <element name="NLANES" type=“xs: integer” /> </sequence> </complex. Content> </complex. Type> Response Request http: //www. server. com/wfs. cgi? request=Describe. Feature. Type&Type. Name=ns 01: Roadss &service=WFS&version=1. 1. 0 Web Feature Server WFS Opaque Feature Store © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 19

WFS Get. Feature Operation Get. Feature Client Response Request <wfs: Feature. Collection> <gml: feature. Member> <ROADS fid="ROADS. 100"> <GEOM> <gml: Line. String gid="1“ srs. Name="epsg. xml#4326"> <gml: pos. List>10, 10 10, 11 10, 12 10, 13</gml: pos. List> </gml: Line. String> <GEOM> <NLANES>4</NLANES> </ROADS> </gml: feature. Member> <ROADS fid="ROADS. 105"> <GEOM> <gml: Line. String gid="2“ srs. Name="epsg. xml#4326"> <gml: pos. List>10, 10 10, 11 10, 12</gml: pos. List> </gml: Line. String> <GEOM> <NLANES>2</NLANES> </ROADS> </gml: feature. Member> </Feature. Collection> http: //www. server. com/wfs. cgi? request=Get. Feature&Type. Name=ns 01: Roadss &bbox=50, 40, 100, 60&format=GML 3 &service=WFS&version=1. 1. 0 Web Feature Server WFS Opaque Feature Store Copyright 2003 Global Science & Technology, Inc. © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 20

Interoperability Program © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically

OGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability • Interoperability Program (IP) - a global, innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market Rapid Interface Development • Specification Development Program –Consensus processes similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA, OMG, etc. ). • Outreach and Community Adoption Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically Standards Setting Market Adoption 22

Open. Earth Accessing WMS and WFS live feeds from Bureau of Meteorology © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 23

IDEC: Geoportal of the Catalonia SDI The IDEC Map Server implements WMS, WCS and WFS. The Viewer also supports GML. © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 24

Tsunami Information Portal Developed by DM Solutions in concert with Asian Institute of Technology, Chulalongkorn University, and Laboratory of Applied Geomatics. Uses Open. GIS WMS Interface © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 25

Neogeography and the Geospatial Web © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically

Web 2. 0 © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 27

Geo-Web 2. 0 • Mainstream Web IT • Geo. RSS “ 2. 0” • KML “ 3. 0” • Geodata query over the Web – WFS for databases (semi-spatial) – WFS for Geo. RSS – collaborative geodata editing and synchronization • WMS for map image tiling • Cross-standards coordination: W 3 C, OASIS, IETF, ISO, IEEE, Web 3 D, etc. © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 28

Google Maps “My. Maps” Digitizing! Geo. RSS! © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 29

Geographic Search © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 30

Other Examples • Microsoft Virtual Earth Collections (http: //local. live. com) • Mapufacture (http: //www. mapufacture. com) • Platial (http: //www. platial. com) • Plazes (http: //plazes. com) © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 31

Geo. RSS in a nutshell © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically

paradigm shift n geography ++some information someinformation geography © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 33

conceptual model – An abstract model for Point, Line, Polygon & Box – Two different XML encodings: “Simple” and “GML” GML Simple Features – This is a compromise: community could not agree to support only GML at this time – the GML version: » A GML profile and application schema » A subset of GML Simple Features » A superset of GML Point Profile » Geo. RSS encoding can be used to articulate location in any XML encoding, but it’s designed for use with RSS (Atom, 1. 0, 2. 0) Geo. RSS GML Geo. RSS Simple GML Point Profile W 3 C Geo © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 34

georss point • GML <georss: where> <gml: Point> <gml: pos>45. 256 -71. 92</gml: pos> </gml: Point> </georss: where> • Simple <georss: point>45. 256 -71. 92</georss: point> © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 35

georss line • GML <georss: where> <gml: Line. String> <gml: pos. List> 45. 256 -110. 45 46. 46 -109. 48 43. 84 -109. 86 </gml: pos. List> </gml: Line. String> </georss: where> • Simple <georss: line> 45. 256 -110. 45 46. 46 -109. 48 43. 84 -109. 86 </georss: line> © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 36

georss polygon • GML <georss: where> <gml: Polygon> <gml: exterior> <gml: Linear. Ring> <gml: pos. List> 45. 256 -110. 45 46. 46 -109. 48 43. 84 -109. 86 45. 256 -110. 45 </gml: pos. List> </gml: Linear. Ring> </gml: exterior> </gml: Polygon> </georss: where> • Simple <georss: polygon> 45. 256 -110. 45 46. 46 -109. 48 43. 84 -109. 86 45. 256 -110. 45 </georss: polygon> © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 37

georss box • GML <georss: where> <gml: Envelope> <gml: lower. Corner>42. 923 -71. 032</gml: lower. Corner> <gml: upper. Corner>43. 087 -69. 222</gml: upper. Corner> </gml: Envelope> </georss: where> • Simple <georss: box> 42. 923 -71. 032 43. 087 -69. 222 </georss: box> © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 38

georss in blogs <entry> <title>License Commission Decision-Making Hearing</title> <link rel="via” href="http: //www. cambridgema. gov/Calendar. cfm? typeid=& cal. Type=City& month=1& view=daily& day=2007 -01 -25& id=15525" /> <id>http: //www. cambridgema. gov/Calendar. cfm? typeid=& cal. Type=City& month=1& view=daily& day=2007 -01 -25& id=15525</id> <updated>2007 -01 -25: 00</updated> <content type="html">The License Commission will meet at ten oclock on Thursday morning, January 25, 2007 in the Michael J. Lombardi Municipal Building, Basement Conference Room, to make decisions on hearings held on Tuesday, January 9 th and Tuesday, January 23, 2007. Elizabeth Y. Lint, Executive Officer < br/> < em> Location: < /em> Lombardi Building - Conference Room-Basement Level , Cambridge< br> < br/> < em> Address: < /em> 831 Massachusetts Avenue</content> <georss: where> <gml: Point> <gml: pos>42. 367199 -71. 106418</gml: pos> </gml: Point> </georss: where> </entry> <title>Urban Soils Workshop Taking the Lead on Lead</title> <link rel="via" href="http: //www. cambridgema. gov/Calendar. cfm? typeid=& cal. Type=City& month=1& view=daily& day=2007 -01 -25& id=15668" /> <id>http: //www. cambridgema. gov/Calendar. cfm? typeid=& cal. Type=City& month=1& view=daily& day=2007 -01 -25& id=15668</id> <updated>2007 -01 -25: 00</updated> <content type="html">Free workshop to discuss how local groups are reclaiming urban spaces and creating healthier communities by addressing the issue of lead contamination in soil. & #160 We will hear talks regarding methods of mitigation and share examples of success and challenges common to us all. & #160 < br/> < em> Location: < /em> City Hall Annex - 4 th Floor Conference Room< br> < br/> < em> Address: < /em> 344 Broadway </content> <georss: where> <gml: Point> <gml: pos>42. 370033 -71. 103176</gml: pos> </gml: Point> </georss: where> </entry> © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 39

current and future implementers • • Cadcorp SIS, ESRI, Oracle Google Earth and Maps Mapufacture Microsoft Virtual Earth v 3 Platial Yahoo! Maps API OASIS Emergency Management TC for CAP and EDXL © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 40

Success Stories • UK Ordnance Survey using GML format to distribute its Master. Map product • Canada Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) Endorses OGC Web Service Specifications • Defense and Intelligence community adopting OGC as part of its Geospatial Enterprise Architecture. • Australian SDI recognizes OGC standards, numerous enterprise implementations across the nation • European Union INSPIRE technical architecture endorses OGC Web Services • OGC underpins the DHS Geospatial Enterprise Architecture • Open Location Services being built into consumer offerings from major location services vendors © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 41

backup slides © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically

references • • • http: //www. georss. org live site http: //www. georss. org/blog news http: //www. georss. org/1/ static standard http: //georss. mit. edu/ cambridge, ma feed http: //mapufacture. com/georss/feed/show/35 georss mapping © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. • Helping the World Communicate Geographically 43