Organic vs Inorganic Compounds All chemical compounds are

Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds All chemical compounds are broken into two categories: 1) Organic compounds 2) Inorganic Compounds

Organic Compounds Organic compounds always contain: Carbon and Hydrogen

Organic Compounds cont. Other elements found in organic compounds include: Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur

Organic Compounds Therefore, the most common elements to appear in organic compounds are: CHNOPS!!! Other elements do appear, but these are the most common.

Inorganic Compounds Definition: Any compound that isn’t organic!!! Note: there are inorganic compounds that contain carbon!!! (CO 2) However, they don’t have C and H, and therefore aren’t organic.

Agua!!! Why do we need to talk about water in a class about biology? Life would not exist were it not for water.

Water We already know the equation for water is H 2 O…is water an organic, or inorganic compound? Inorganic (no carbon)

Water again… In the case of water, we have 2 hydrogens sharing electrons with one oxygen…is this a covalent or ionic bond? Covalent!!!

Y entonces: Agua The covalent bond in water is somewhat special however… Let’s look at the molecule: H—O—H Fortunately for us, that’s not what the molecule looks like…

Brita If we examine the bond in an actual water molecule, we can see that it is bent, like so: O H H

Naya This bent molecule gives water an uneven charge distribution. Huh? The oxygen end of the molecule becomes negative, and the hydrogen end positive.

Poland Spring (what it means to be from Maine) The charge imbalance results in what is called a POLAR MOLECULE (a molecule with partial + and – charge) What do opposite charges do? They attract one another!!!

Aquafina How does this attraction work? The positive end of one water molecule (H end) will be attracted to the negative end of another water molecule (O end). So what’s it look like?

Pû r - + - Hydrogen Oxygen +

Dannon (stick to their yogurt) This attraction that results between water molecules is called cohesion. Cohesion is responsible for most of waters unique properties.

Culligan What are those unique properties you say? Well… 1) Surface tension is what holds drops of water together. To break the surface of water, you must first overcome the “bond” between water molecules.

Perrier Surface tension in action:

Joe Water Surface tension again:

Heavy Water (deuterium)

Avian 2) Water acts as a heat sink When we heat water, the molecules will speed up. Much of the heat must first be used to overcome the cohesion of water molecules.

Adirondack Springs 2) Heat sink continued: Exs: Coastal Areas Sweat

Hard Water 3) Ice floats!!! So what? Why is this important? If ice were denser than water, there wouldn’t be any life on this planet!!!

Tap Water Just as polarity accounts for water sticking to other water molecules, it accounts for water sticking to other objects. This attraction of one substance to another is called ADHESION.

Crystal Springs What good does adhesion do us? Well for one thing it explains why water is such a good solvent…other substances (polar ones) are attracted to water.

Mexican Fire Water Adhesion also accounts for a fun little process called capillary action, or capillarity. What’s capillary action though?

Agua: no mas Capillary action is when water rises up any narrow space, due to attraction with the substance it is interacting with (i. e. glass, or plant roots. )

Back to Organic Compounds The main thing that differentiates organic from inorganic compounds is the size and complexity of the compounds formed. Why are organic compounds so much more complex than inorganic? It’s all due to carbon!!!

Carbon Dissected Let’s see why C allows for such diversity: Carbon isn’t happy!!! 6+ With 4 vacancies, C can form up to 4 covalent bonds!!!

Carbon again… This ability to form 4 covalent bonds allows C to link together with other C atoms to form long chains, whose size are unlimited!!! The rest of this chapter will deal with some of the organic compounds carbon forms.

Homework (you missed it didn’t you? )!!! Read pgs 57 -60 Pg 60: 1 -5 Pg 74: 11 -12