Organic Macromolecules Organic Compounds n Organic compounds are

Organic Macromolecules

Organic Compounds n Organic compounds are made of carbon

Construction of Organic Compounds Monomers: simple subunits that make larger molecules n Polymers: larger molecules consisting of numerous subunits n n Monomers bond to form polymers

Carbohydrates n Contain C, H, O in a 1: 2: 1 ratio (hence, “carbo” “hydrate” CH 2 O) n n Ex: C 6 H 12 O 6 Monomers: monosaccharides (1 sugar) n Ex: glucose

Carbohydrates n Function n Simple: Provide quick energy • Fruit, candy n Complex: Provide longer lasting energy • Bread, pasta, starch

Carbohydrate n Structure n Ring of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms

Examples of Carbohydrates Polysaccharides: complex carbohydrateschains of hundreds or thousands of sugar monomers n Starch: store plant energy n Cellulose: structure of plant cell walls n Glycogen: animal energy storage n Chitin: fungus cell wall, animal exoskeleton n

Proteins n Monomers: Amino acids n There are 20 different amino acids, like tryptophan and phenylalanine.

Proteins n 2 amino acids are joined by peptide bonds

Proteins n Function: n n enzymes, tissue structure (hair, nails, hooves), build muscle, immune system Examples: meat, fish, eggs, nuts

Nucleic Acids n Monomers: nucleotides n 5 -carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), Nitrogen base (A, C, G, T, U), Phosphate group

Nucleic Acids Ex: DNA, RNA, ATP n Function: n n store genetic information

Lipids Monomers: fatty acids & glycerol n Nonpolar hydrocarbons (do not dissolve in H 2 O) n

Lipids Unsaturated fats: liquid (oil) at room temp. b/c double bonds between Carbon cause “kinks” n Saturated fats: solid at room temp. n

Lipids n Function: n n energy storage, cell membrane composition, protective waterproofing, sex hormones Examples: fats, oils, waxes

Ticket out the door n Give an example of a solvent, solute and solution.