Review of Biochemistry Organic vs Inorganic Organic Compounds

Review of Biochemistry Organic vs. Inorganic Organic Compounds 1. 2. 3. 4. Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids

WHAT DO ENZYMES DO? Enzymes greatly increase the rate at which reactions take place WOW! That reaction is really fast!

Enzymes • Enzymes are proteins • Enzymes are very specific – One enzyme, One function! • The substance that an enzyme changes is called a substrate.

SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT ENZYMES: • Each chemical reaction requires a specific enzyme • An enzyme cannot cause a reaction, however. . . • Enzymes can be used over and over again - Recycle!! • Example: digestion of food

Other Interesting Enzyme Facts: • They are made of protein • They work because they have a specific shape…works like a lock and key!

Enzyme Reactions • Digestion- Breaking down molecules • Synthesis- Building up molecules

How Enzymes Work • On the surface of the enzyme is a region called an active site. • The substrate will bond to the active site of the enzyme, then break into smaller “pieces”. • Works like a “lock and key”.

AN ENZYME REACTION:

WHEN DOES THE ACTUAL REACTION OCCUR? When the substrate binds to the enzyme…A. K. A. THE ENZYMESUBSTRATE COMPLEX

Naming Enzymes • Add -ase to the end of the substrate Substrate = maltose Enzyme = maltase

More Examples: • Glucase- acts on Glucose • Lactase- acts on lactose • Polymerase- acts on polymers

Factors Influencing Enzyme Action

Factors Affecting Enzyme Action • 1) Amount and concentration of enzyme/substrate • 2) Extreme Temperature • 3) p. H – Too acidic or basic

Temperature Optimum Temperature Enzyme Activity 10 20 30 40 Temperature

p. H Optimum p. H Enzyme Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 p. H

Enzyme Concentration Enzyme Activity Little A lot Tons Enzyme Concentration

Oh No! I’m out numbered Ninja Bad -Enzyme Guys -Substrate

Now, We’re in trouble! There are more Ninjas

Substrate Concentration Enzyme Activity Little A lot Tons Substrate Concentration

Denaturation- an enzyme shape is changed and can no longer do its job.

Enzyme Haiku Enzymes do cool stuff They increase reaction rates Without them, we’d die