Design and Implementation of an Incentive System for

Design and Implementation of an Incentive System for Sharing Distributed Computing Resources - Master Thesis Defense - Dongho Son Supervisor: Prof. James Won-Ki Hong Distributed Processing and Network Management (DPNM) Laboratory Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering POSTECH, Pohang, Korea donghoson@postech. ac. kr 2017. 12. 14. 1/41

Table of Contents • Introduction • Related Work • Design • Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusion 2/41

Introduction 3/41

Introduction § User behaviors Off Peak Source: https: //techcrunch. com/2011/11/18/financial-times-mobile/ Peak Off Peak 4/41

Introduction § Idle computing devices… ? Idle Storage And Computing 5/41

Related Work 6/41

Grid. Coin § Combine the processing power of all individual users • For the purposes of scientific research − Alien radio signals, DNA sequencing, Weather prediction model, etc. • Reward volunteer computing performed upon the BOINC platform − Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing § Grid. Coin(GRC) • • The coin miners(researchers) can be compensated for participating in BOINC Launched on October 16, 2013 Market Cap: $26 million (약 292 억원) 1 GRC = $0. 06843 (약 75원) 7/41

Golem § Decentralized supercomputer • • An open-sourced project, creating a global market for computing power Connects computers in a peer-to-peer network Enables anyone to rent resources of other users’ machines It is focused on CGI rendering § Golem Network Token (GNT) • • The resource provider can be compensated for their computing resources ICO on April 18, 2017 Market Cap: $250 million (약 2, 700 억원) 1 GNT = $0. 302836 (Start at $0. 01) Source: https: //golem. network/doc/Golemwhitepaper. pdf https: //coinmarketcap. com/currencies/golem-network-tokens 8/41

Fog. Coin § Rental Service + Fog Computing • Enables any computing device to host software services and process data • Borrow the computing power around you instead of the cloud § Fog. Coin • Fog. Coin tokens are on sale from November 30, 2017 by Active. Works. − Initial Coin Offering − https: //cheddar. com/videos/new-cryptocurrency-to-hit-the-market-in-november Source: http: //www. aetherworks. com/ 9/41

Design 10/41

Keywords § Main features Resource Rental ISAC coin Payment Decentralized ISAC Idle Storage and Computing Incentive Model Less Cost & More Profit 11/41

Overview High Performance Computing Resources Payment for Usage (Cryptocurrency) Client ISAC Individual Computing Resources Cryptocurrency Providers 12/41

High Level Design § Scenario Request MSG Provider 1 : Address Provider 2 : Address Provider 3 : Address Providers’ Address Client Provider 1 : Address Provider 2 : Address Provider 3 : Address Info Provider 1 Info Provider 2 Info Provider 3 13/41

High Level Design § Scenario Provider 1 : Address Provider 2 : Address Provider 3 : Address Client : Docker Image URL Client Provider 1 Provider 2 Provider 3 14/41

System Architecture ISAC Agent Client : Contract Manager : Resource Monitor ISAC Network ISAC Payment Peer DB Pricing Manager Matching Manager Unit Price Market ISAC Agent : Task Manager : Client Agent : Provider Agent Providers 15/41

Sequence Diagram Client ISAC Payment ISAC Network Providers Update Computing Resources Info Request Computing Resources Update Unit Price of Computing Resources Clients-Providers Matching Provide Task Image URL Push Task Image Return results Run Tasks Request Total Price Payment for usage 16/41

Coin Market § ICO(Initial Coin Offering) • Company Stock • A new project Token(Coin) Investor ICO New Project Financing Investor 17/41

ISAC Coin Market ①/② ⑤/④ Investors Cryptocurrency Exchange : Transactions in cryptocurrency market ① : Buy ISAC coin ② : Sell ISAC coin ③ : Pay ISAC coin ④ ⑤ ② ① : Transactions in computing resource market ④ : Cash ⑤ : ISAC coin ③ Clients Providers 18/41

Incentive Model § Usage-Based Pricing • Pay for usage based on resource usage • Can lower cost for consumers as they pay in proportion to their consumption § Time-Dependent Pricing • Divides the day into peak and off-peak hours • Shifts demand from congested periods to off-peak times § Auction-Based Pricing • Introduces a model of users choosing their usage time based on congestion, price offers, and preferences. 19/41

Incentive Model § Usage-Based Pricing 20/41

Incentive Model § Usage-Based Pricing • Assume that the number of cores and the Memory size have been agreed with providers. 21/41

Incentive Model CPU cost/hour ($) § Usage-Based Pricing CPU cost/hour ($) Time(h) 22/41

Incentive Model § Time-Dependent Pricing Off Peak Source: https: //techcrunch. com/2011/11/18/financial-times-mobile/ Peak Off Peak 23/41

Incentive Model § Auction-Based Pricing $12 $10 $5 $3 < Clients > $10 $12 < Providers > 24/41

Implementation 25/41

Implementation § Hardware • Linux Ubuntu machine § Software • Docker − An open-source software that packages applications in containers • Kubernetes − An open-source system for automating deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications − Be used to manage Docker images and failover recovery • XAMPP − An open-source cross-platform web server solution § Others • Ethereum − The second most valuable digital currency • Solidity − A contract-oriented programming language for writing smart contracts • Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) Geth − The Ethereum smart contracts byte-code execution environment − Solidity is compiled to bytecode that is executable on the EVM 26/41

Implementation § ISAC platform Docker Container Client Docker Hub t on r. C e k oc D Container r ne i a D oc k er Docker Container Co nt ai ne r Container Application Kubernetes ISAC Agent Provider 1 Provider 2 Provider 3 27/41

Implementation § ISAC Agent 28/41

Implementation § ISAC Agent 0. 007 0. 004 0. 006 29/41

Implementation § ISAC Payment 30/41

Evaluation 31/41

Evaluation § Usage Monitoring • Ngin. X in docker container − Web server software • c. Advisor & Kubernetes − Provides container users an understanding of the resource usage § Cost Calculation • Cost per an hour based on each provider’s policy • Cost per a day 32/41

Evaluation 33/41

Incentive Model § Usage-Based Pricing 34/41

Evaluation 0. 07 General ISAC with Time-dependent Pricing Cost per an hour($) 0. 06 0. 05 0. 04 0. 03 0. 02 0. 01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Time(h) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 35/41

Evaluation 36/41

Conclusion 37/41

Conclusion 38/41

Conclusion § An Incentive System for Sharing Distributed Computing Resources • ISAC − ISAC Network − ISAC Agent − ISAC Coin • Incentive Model − Usage-Based Pricing − Time-Dependent Pricing − Auction-Based Pricing • Less cost for clients & Create profit for providers § Future work • • Refinement of extension Detailed incentive model Build a more complete implementation Security issue 39/41

Q&A 40/41

References 41/41

References § Fog Computing • https: //www. pubnub. com/blog/moving-the-cloud-to-the-edge-computing § Cryptocurrency • https: //blockgeeks. com/guides/what-is-cryptocurrency § Bit. Torrent • https: //m. blog. naver. com/Post. View. nhn? blog. Id=manhdh&log. No=220038243469&pro xy. Referer=https%3 A%2 F%2 F § Golem • https: //golem. network/doc/Golemwhitepaper. pdf • https: //coinmarketcap. com/currencies/golem-network-tokens/ • http: //cryptotrader. website/what-is-golem-platform-and-introduction-to-golem-gnttoken-price-and-market-trader-exposed/ § Fog. Coin • http: //www. aetherworks. com • https: //fogcoin. io/documents/Fog. Coin-Whitepaper. pdf 42/41

Risk Management § Task Verification Peers Client Tas k Verification Provider Peers § Whitelist & Blacklist WHITELIST Result Provider Client BLACKLIST 43/41

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§ Global Public Cloud Market Size, 2011 To 2020 Source: Forrester Research, Inc. 45/41

§ Fog Computing THINGS Source: https: //www. pubnub. com/blog/moving-the-cloud-to-the-edge-computing 46/41

§ Fog Computing Mechanism R 4 R 3 T 1 T 2 R 1 R 2 T 3 T 4 R 3 R 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 R 1 R 2 T 1 ~ T 4 : Task R 1 ~ R 4 : Result 47/41

Introduction VS. On-Premise Cloud 48/41

Introduction § The explosion of “Things” connected to the Internet… Source: Cisco. 49/41

Introduction § Cryptocurrency Bitcoin Market Cap $275 Billion Ethereum Market Cap $45 Billion Ripple Market Cap $9. 6 Billion Rental Task Mining 50/41

Types of Sharing § Share • To have or use something at the same time as someone else: • To divide food, money, goods, etc. and give part of it to someone else: File Sharing Source: https: //dictionary. cambridge. org/ko/%EC%82%AC%EC%A 0%84/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B 4/share Storage Sharing Computing Sharing 51/41

Bit. Torrent § A communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing File A Torrent File of A Hash value of A Piece 1 Piece 2 Download torrent file of A Peer List Client ad nlo Tracker Server Upl ce 1 e i P oad Dow File A Download Piece 2 Piece 1 Piece 3 Piece 5 Peer 1 (Leecher) Source: https: //m. blog. naver. com/Post. View. nhn? blog. Id=manhdh&log. No=220038243469&proxy. Referer=https%3 A%2 F%2 F Peer 2 (Seeder) Pie ce 1 File A Piece 1 Piece 2 Piece 3 Piece 4 Piece 1 Peer 3 (Leecher) 52/41

Dropbox § One place for all your stuff, wherever you are. Cloud Basic Free Storage (GB, TB) Charge Plus $9. 99/month Professional $19. 99/month 2 GB 1 TB + Client 53/41

Cloud Computing Providers § The delivery of computing services over the Internet 101011 Code PC Mobile Cloud Database Charge Service Client Server 54/41