CRITICAL POINT OF MATERIALS LP POM MUI CRITICAL

CRITICAL POINT OF MATERIALS 原材料的关键控制点 LP POM MUI

CRITICAL POINT OF ANIMAL DERIVED MATERIALS 动物源性材料的关键控制点 LP POM MUI

Meat and Other Cattle/Poultry Meat Derived Products 肉类和其他牲畜/家禽肉类及其衍生产品 1. Have to be from halal animal 必须来自清真动 物 2. Halal animal must be slaughtered according to Islamic Law and certified by a recognized halal certification bodies 3. 清真动物的屠宰必须根据伊斯兰的教法屠 宰，同时需要认可的清真机构进行认证 3

Meat and Other Cattle/Poultry Meat Derived Products 肉类和其他牲畜/家禽肉类及其衍生产品 3. If there is no information about slaughtering process, the using of animal products is not allowed 如果屠宰的方式不符合伊斯兰的屠宰要求，动物产品 不允许使用 4

Haram Animals非清真动物: • Pigs and boars猪和野猪 • Dogs, snakes, monkeys狗，蛇，猴子 • Carnivorous animals with claws & fangs, such as : lions, tigers, cats, wolves, foxes, etc. 有利爪或獠牙的食肉性动物，如：狮子，老虎，猫，狼和 狐狸等 • Birds of prey include carnivorous birds with sharp claws, such as : falcons, eagles, owls, vultures, crows, etc. 有锋利的爪子的猛禽，如：猎鹰，金鹰，猫 头鹰，秃鹫，乌鸦等

Haram Animals非清真动物: • Animals forbidden to be killed in Islam, such as : ants, bees 在伊斯兰教中禁止杀死的动物，比如：蚂蚁、蜜蜂 • Animals that live both on land water, such as: frogs, crocodiles 同时生活在陆地和水中的动物，比如：青蛙，鳄鱼

Identification of Animal Product Critical Point Animal Product Milk, Egg, Fish Meat and its by product (fat, bone, skin, etc) Is there any process ? Is the meat & its by product derived from halal animal ? Yes No CP Non CP No Haram Yes Is the animal slaughtered according to Islamic law and certified by MUI or other organization approved by LP POM MUI ? No Can not be used CP： 控制点 Yes Is there any process ? Yes No CP Non CP

SLAUGHTERING屠宰 1. The animal(s) to be slaughtered must be the halal (lawful) animal according to the Islamic Law 2. 被屠宰的动物必须是伊斯兰教法认可为清真的 3. 2. Slaughtering must be performed by adults and sane Muslim understanding properly all the stipulations in accordance with the Islamic Law 4. 必须由能正确理解伊斯兰教法且四肢健全的穆斯林成年 人进行屠宰 9

SLAUGHTERING屠宰 1. Before slaughtering the animal must be alive 2. 屠宰前动物必须是活着的 3. 2. The animal(s) must be slaughter well, using a sharp object (knife) made of metal 4. 必须使用尖锐的金属（刀）来屠宰 3. Slaughtering is preceded by heardly saying : Bismillahi Allahu Akbar 4. 屠宰前诵读 : Bismillahi Allahu Akbar 10

(SLAUGHTERING ) 6. Slaughtering itself should be carried out from the front of the neck by cutting the throat or oesophagus, wind pipe of trachea, and the two jugular veins ; so that the blood will thoroughly drain 7. 应该从颈部的前面切割喉管，气管和血管，以 便将血液彻底放干 8. 7. Slaughtering must be finished completely in one cutting action. 9. 整个屠宰过程必须一刀完成 11

Standard for Halal Animal Derivatives Products 清真动物衍生产品的标准 HALAL and “clean” ：清真和干净的， 如： - It is produced from halal animal and slaughtered according Islamic rites 来源于清真动物或者按照伊斯兰的方式屠 宰的

Standard for Halal Animal Derivatives Products 清真动物衍生产品的标准 - It is not blood derivatives 不是血液衍生物产品 - It is not contaminated with haram or najis substances 不会被非清真或不洁物质污染

Animal products 动物产品 : 1. Meat and meat products肉和肉产品 2. Bone derivatives骨头衍生物 3. Hide/skin皮 4. Fats/its derivatives脂肪及其衍生物 5. Innard/ Offals内脏 6. Bristle/feather猪鬃，羽毛 7. Blood血液 8. Others (trachea)其他（气管） 9. Milk products奶制品 10. Egg products蛋类产品 11. Fish products鱼类产品

EXAMPLES OF MEAT PRODUCT 肉制品: sausage, meat ball, corned, patties, etc 香肠，肉丸，腌制品, 肉饼等

Critical Points in Meat Products 肉制品的关键点 § Meat ( have to be from halal animal and slaughtered according to Islamic Law) 肉 ( 必须来自清真动物或根据伊斯兰教法屠宰的) § Seasoning ( mixing of spices and other materials to produce specific flavor : e. g. beef extract, MSG, HVP, onion powder etc. ) 调料 ( 和香料或者其他材料混合生产出特别的调味料：如牛肉膏， 味精，水解植物蛋白，洋葱粉等. ) § Flavoring Agent : Complex source, facility and sensory profile 调味剂 : 复杂的原料，设备和感官剖面

Critical Points in Meat Products 肉制品的关键点 n § Emulsifier : to produce stable emulsion and as texturizer/stabilizer mono and diglyceride ( source of fat, lipase enzyme), ester ( using fatty acid ), lactose ( animal rennet as coagulant), gelatin (from animal bone/skin) 乳化剂 : 生产稳定的乳化液和如同纹理化/稳定器 单和甘油二酯( 来源脂肪，脂肪酶), 酯 ( 脂肪酸 ), 乳糖 ( 动物凝乳酶作 为混 凝剂), 明胶 (来自动物的骨头或皮) Casing (for sausage ) : natural casing ( animal intestine) 肠衣 (香肠 ) : 天然肠衣 ( 动物肠道) § Facilities : must be totally separated from facilities for pork/pork derivatives products and cannot be used alternately between halal and non halal containing pork 设备 : 必须和猪肉及猪肉衍生物的设备完全分开，不能交替使用同意设备生 产清真和非清真的产品

BONE DERIVATIVES 骨头衍生物 1. Gelatin (E 441): produced by removal of mineral salts by diluting it in acid to become ossein and treating with lime followed by other treatments (base, hot water extraction, etc). By products : di/tricalcium phosphate (mineral source) ; edible bone phosphate (E 521) (anti caking, mineral source) 明胶 (E 441): 通过酸的稀释去掉矿物质盐成为骨胶原然后其他基 本处理如热水提取等后再和石灰石一起加 。 产品 : DL磷酸三钙 ( 矿物源) ; 骨头磷酸盐 (E 521) (抗结块剂, 矿物源) 2. Activated carbon / bone char : produced by burning of bone and converting it into carbon. It is used as bleaching agent (in sugar refinery, glucose syrup refinery, drinking water treatment, oil refinery, and other bleaching processes) 活性炭 / 骨炭 : 通过焚烧骨头转化成碳. 被用作漂白剂 (用于糖的精 炼, 葡萄糖浆的精炼, 水的处理, 油的提炼, 及其他漂白 艺)

BRISTLE/ FEATHER鬃/ 羽毛 § § It contains proteins, mainly keratin 含蛋白质，主要是角蛋白 Hydrolysis of keratin will produce cysteine, cystine bakery improver, flavor ingredient, etc 角蛋白水解会产生半胱氨酸，胱氨酸 面包改良剂, 调 料成分等 Other utilization : brush其他使用 : 刷子 TRACHEA气管 • Source of chondroitin (supplement for bones joint as additive in milk product) 软管素的来源 (加入奶制品中可增强骨骼) • Produced by hydrolysis of trachea通过水解气管生产

FAT AND ITS DERIVATIVES脂肪及其衍生物 Uses : additives in foods, drugs and cosmetics, flavor ingredients, media fermentation 用途 : 在食品，药品和化妆品中用于添加剂，香精配料，发酵媒介 1. 2. 3. Glycerol/glycerin (E 422), produced by hydrolysis of fat/oils solvent for flavor, humectants 丙三醇/甘油 (E 422), 由脂肪或油水解产生 用于香精，保湿剂 Fatty acids and its derivatives (E 430 -E 436) produced by hydrolysis of fat/oils emulsifier, stabilizer, antifoam 脂肪酸及其衍生物 (E 430 -E 436) 水解脂肪或者油来生产 乳化剂, 稳定剂, 增稠剂 Fatty acid ester (E 470 -E 495): esterification of fatty acid emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener. 脂肪酸酯 (E 470 -E 495): 脂肪酸酯化 乳化剂, 稳定剂，增稠剂

FAT AND ITS DERIVATIVES脂肪及其衍生物 Uses : additives in foods, drugs and cosmetics, flavor ingredients, media fermentation 4. 5. 6. Magnesium stearate : Mg + stearic acid anti caking 硬脂酸镁 : 镁 + 硬脂酸 抗结块 Chicken fat/ tallow (beef fat) produced by extraction -separation. It is used for seasoning, soap/liquid soap, flavor, biscuit, etc. 鸡肉脂肪/ 牛油 (牛酯) 萃取分离生产. 用于调味料，肥皂/ 液体肥皂，香料，饼干等

Examples Of Fatty Acid And Its Derivatives 脂肪酸及其衍生物的例子 • E 430 Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate (polyoxyl 8 stearate) E 430聚氧乙烯（8）硬脂酸（聚氧乙烯 8硬脂） • E 431 Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (Polyoxyl 40 stearate) E 431聚氧乙烯（40）硬脂酸（聚氧乙烯 40硬脂 酸） • E 432 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Polysorbate 20, Tween 20) E 432聚氧乙烯（20）失水山 梨醇单月桂酸酯（聚山梨酯 20，吐温 20） • E 433 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-oleate (Polysorbate 80, Tween 80) E 433聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单 油酸酯（聚山梨酯 80，吐温 80（20）

Examples Of Fatty Acid And Its Derivatives 脂肪酸及其衍生物的例子 • E 434 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (Polysorbate 40, Tween 40) E 434聚氧乙烯（20）山梨醇酐单棕榈酸酯（聚山 梨酯 40，吐温 40） • E 435 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60, Tween 60) E 435聚氧乙烯（20）山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯（聚山 梨酯 60，吐温 60） • Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (Polysorbate 65, Tween 65)聚氧乙烯（20）山 梨醇三硬脂酸酯（聚山梨酯 65，吐温 65）

Examples Of Fatty Acid Ester 脂肪酸酯的例子 • E 470 Sodium, potassium & calcium salts of fatty acids E 470钠，钾及钙盐脂肪酸 • E 471 Mono&Diglycerides fatty acids E 471单和脂肪酸甘油 酯 • E 472 Various esters of mono&diglycerides of fatty acids E 472多种单甘油脂肪酸 • E 473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids E 473脂肪酸蔗糖酯 • E 474 Sucroglycerides E 474 蔗糖甘油酯 • E 475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids E 475聚甘油酯，不饱和脂肪酸 • E 476 Polyglycerol of polyricinoleate E 476聚甘油的聚蓖麻醇酸酯 • E 477 propane-1, 2 -diol esters of fatty acids E 477丙烷-1, 2 - 丙二醇脂肪酸酯 • E 481 Sodium stearoyl-2 -lactylate E 481钠硬脂-2 -乳酸钠

Examples Of Fatty Acid Ester (Continued)脂肪酸酯的例子 (续) • E 482 Calcium stearoyl-2 -lactylate E 482钙硬脂-2 -乳酸钠 • • • E 483 Stearyl tartrate E 483硬脂酒石酸 E 491 Sorbitan monostearate E 491山梨醇单硬脂酸酯 E 492 Sorbitan tristearate E 492山梨醇三硬脂酸 E 493 Sorbitan monolaurate E 493山梨醇单月桂酸 E 494 Sorbitan monooleate E 494山梨醇单油酸酯 E 495 Sorbitan monopalmitate E 495山梨醇酐单棕榈酸 酯

BLOOD血液 Blood derivatives may be produced by drying or separating the components or mixing with other ingredients. 干燥或者分离其成分，或者与其他配料混合可产 生血液衍生物. Examples例子 : • Blood plasma powder. Function : gel forming for meat product, wheat flour substitution, albumin replacer for cakes. 血浆粉. 功能 : 肉类产品的凝胶形成，小麦面粉 替代，蛋 糕的白蛋白替代.

• Globulin concentrate. Function : substitution for fat free meat on patties (functional properties similar to soy and milk protein) 浓缩球蛋白. 功能 : 馅饼上替代脂肪肉 (功能性类似 大豆 和牛奶蛋白) • Fibrinogen. Function : gel forming for meat product 纤维蛋白. 功能 : 肉类产品的凝胶形成 • Media for microbial products (example : blood agar) 微生物产品的媒介 (例如 : 血液琼脂)

OFFALS/INNARD内脏/INNARD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Insulin hormone from pancreas胰腺提取胰岛素 Enzymes酶 - Rennet enzymes from calf stomach 牛的胃中提取凝乳酶 - Enzymes from pancreas (amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin)胰腺酶 (淀粉酶, 脂肪酶, 胃蛋 白酶, 胰蛋白酶) - Enzymes from abomasums (trypsin)皱胃酶 (胰蛋 白酶) Taurine from animal bile动物胆汁提取牛磺酸 Intestine for casing of sausage肠的肠衣 Kidney powder (for seasoning/flavor)肾粉 (用作调味料) Liver powder肝粉 Etc. 等等 PLACENTA胎盘 Placenta extract is used for cosmetics提取胎盘用作化妆品

MILK牛奶 Milk (from halal animals) is halal but uses of processing aids and additive in production process may change the halal status. (来自清真动物的) 牛奶是清真的，但是在生产过程中由于 添加剂和助剂的使用可能会改变其清真性。 Examples例子 : • Cheese : its halal status depends on the halalness of rennin used as coagulant in the process and additives used. 奶酪 : 其清真性取决于在生产过程和作为添加剂使用的 作为凝结剂的凝乳酶的清真性.

MILK牛奶 • By products of cheese industry like whey and lactose : its halal status depends on the halalness of the cheese. 奶酪产品：乳清和乳糖: 其清真性取决于奶酪的清真性 • Formulated milk : its halal status depends on the halalness of its ingredients. 配方奶: 其清真性取决于其成分的清真性

EGG蛋 Egg is halal but uses of processing aid and additive in production process may change the halal status. 鸡蛋是清真的，但在生产过程中的加 助剂和添加剂的使用可能会改变清 真性。 Example例子 : • Uses of enzyme or yeast to prevent browning in egg powder production process在鸡蛋粉的生 产 艺中，使用酶或酵母来了防止褐 变

FISH AND OTHER WATER ANIMAL 鱼和其他水产品 Fish and other water animal is halal but uses of processing aid and additive in production process may change the halal status. 鱼类和其他水动物是清真的，但在生产过程中的加 助剂 和添加剂的使用可能会改变清真性。 Example 例子: • Uses of enzyme (as processing aid) in fish extract production process. 鱼提取物生产过程中酶的使用（作 为加 助剂） • Uses of gelatin or MSG (as additives) in shrimp powder虾粉生产过程中使用明胶或者味精（作为加 助 剂）

CRITICAL POINTS OF PLANT MATERIALS 植物材料的关键控制

General Rule 一般原则 Materials derived from plant are basically halal, but if processed with additives and/or processing aids those are not halal, they become not halal. 从植物中提取的材料基本上都是清真的，但如果 使用添加剂和/或加 助剂都不是清真的，他们变 成非清真。

Identification of Plant Material Critical Point Plant Material Is there any process ? No Non CP Yes Is there cultivation of microbe ? Yes No Khamr Fermentation? No CP Yes Haram CP : need info/document for clarification Additive and/or processing aids No Non CP Yes CP

Food Processing Technologies 食品加 技术 Physical Methods物理方法 – High temperatures (e. g canning)高温(例如罐头) – Low temperatures (e. g freezing)低温(例如冷冻) – Remove of water (e. g drying, freeze drying) 脱水(例如干燥，冷冻干燥) Chemical Methods化学方法 – Use of sugar (Fruit preserves : jams, jellies etc) 糖的使用(水果罐头: 果冻, 果酱等) – Fermentation and salting (natural fermentation) 发酵和盐 (自然发酵) – Treatment with acids (addition of vinegar)酸处理(除了 醋

Food Processing Technologies 食品加 技术 Short-term Processing Methods 短期处理方法 – Chemical treatments (preservative, antioxidant etc) 化学处理(防腐剂, 抗氧化剂等)

FRUIT JUICE果汁 Type of Fruit Juice果汁类型 : - Juice without pulp (clarified or not clarified) Juice clarifying : centrifugation or enzyme treatment (pectolitic, amilolytic enzymes) and could use gelatin as processing aid 不含果肉的果汁 (澄清或者不澄清) 果汁澄清: 离心或者酶处理(pectolitic, amilolytic enzymes) 和使用明胶作为加 助剂

FRUIT JUICE果汁 - Juice with pulp Enzyme treatment (pectolitic enzymes) as an optional step to improve extraction yield, juice color and finished product taste 果肉果汁 酶处理(pectolitic enzymes) 作为可选择步骤增加提 取得率，果汁颜色和 成品的味道 Processing of Fruit Juice : Washed, sorted, crushed, pasteurized and then introduced in extractor and added ascorbic acid to avoid browning and undesirable taste 果汁的加 : 清洗，分拣，粉碎，巴氏杀菌，然后提取和添加抗坏血酸， 以避免褐变和不良味道

Critical Points关键控制 Clarification澄清 : - Enzyme (pectinase, amylase) : source of enzyme should be cleared : plant, animal or fermentation (ingredients of media composition ? ) 酶 (果胶酶，淀粉酶) : 酶的来源必需是清楚的: 植物，动物 或者发酵 (培养基 的成分? ) - Gelatin (source ? , can be made from animal bone/hide) 明胶 (来源? 可能来自于动物骨头/兽皮) • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), produced by fermentation and followed by chemical reaction and could be coated by gelatin to prevent oxidation 抗坏血酸 (维生素 C), 化学反应后通过发酵产生，可能含明胶来抗氧化

SAUCE 调味汁 Sauce : is a thick paste made from ripened fruits with skin and seeds removed. 调味汁：是由去籽带皮的成熟水果制成的浓稠的膏状物 Example 例子: Tomato Sauce番茄酱 Ingredients 成分: Tomato, salt, sugar, acetic acid, starch and preservative 番茄, 盐, 糖, 醋酸, 淀粉和防腐剂 Chili Sauce辣椒酱: Ingredients成分 : chili peppers, salt, sugar, acetic acid, garlic, starch, preservative, MSG辣椒, 盐, 糖, 醋酸, 大蒜, 淀粉, 防腐 剂，味精

Critical Points关键控制点 -Sugar : could be decolorized by using activated carbon (source ? ) & Ion Exchange Resin (materials ? ) 糖 : 用活性炭脱色 (来源? ) & 离子交换树脂(材料 ? ) - MSG : made by fermentation (ingredient of media composition ? ) and processing aids (antifoam, activated carbon) 味精 : 通过发酵制成 (培养基成分? ) 和加 助剂 (消泡剂, 活性炭) Antifoam : silicon, sulphonates, esters, and animal oil (lard) or fatty acids from animal oil. 消泡剂 : 硅，磺酸盐，酯类和动物油（猪油）或从动物油提炼的脂肪酸. Activated Carbon : source ? (could be from plant or bone animal) 活性炭: 来源 ? (来自植物还是动物骨头)

Coloring materials着色材料: Source : could be from chemical synthetic, plant, animal of fermentation process 来源 : 可能来源于化学合成，植物，动物发酵过程 Solvent : e. g. ethanol, glycerol, triacetine etc. (source ? ) - Ethanol only from non alcoholic drink industry or chemical synthetic could be used 溶剂 : 例如乙醇，甘油，甘油醋酸酯等（来源？） - 乙醇 只能从非酒精饮料行业或化学合成 Powdered natural coloring material could be coated by gelatin to stabilize the colour 天然着色物质可能使用明胶稳定的色彩

Vegetable Pickling & Fermentation 蔬菜酸洗及发酵 Allow growth of non-pathogenic microorganisms to produce acid or alcohol as preservative 允许非致病微生物的生长来生产酸或酒精作为防腐剂 e. g. Lactic acid produced during fermentation helps preserve the product. 在发酵过程中产生的乳酸有助于维护产品。

Vegetable Pickling & Fermentation 蔬菜酸洗及发酵 Artificial Acidification addition of organic acids 人 的酸化 除了有机酸: : – Acetic acid乙酸 – Lactic acid乳酸 – Citric acid 柠檬酸 produced by fermentation method (ingredients of media composition ? ) and could use activated carbon for decolorization 通过发酵生产 (培养基成分? )和 使用活性炭脱色(来源？）

EXTRACTION提取物 Spice Oleoresins : are concentrated liquid form obtained from spices, used as food flavoring in the food processing industry e. g paprika and black pepper oleoresin. Oleoresin Paprika 辣椒油�脂： Can be made from dried paprika extraction using hexane and aceton as solvent followed by separated by methanol, centrifugation and evaporation Oleoresin Cinnamon 肉桂精油: Extraction by solvent and followed by vacuum evaporation. Critical Points 关键点 • Oleoresin may contain emulsifiers (example : polysorbate/tween & monoleat glycerol that might be derived from animal fat/oil) 油性树脂可能含有乳化剂

R. oryzae Penicillium camemberti Critical Point of Microbial Products 微生物产品关键点 A. niger Bacteria

R. oryzae Penicillium camemberti A. niger Bacteria Microbial Products ? 微生物产品? Products which are produced by microorganisms (yeast, bacteria and mold) in a certain media/substrate and certain conditions 被微生物生产的生产(酵母、细菌和霉菌)在一 个特定的媒介/ 基体和一定的条件下产生的产品

Example of Microbial Products 微生物产品举例 Cheese, yoghurt, pickles, sauerkraut, soya sauce, alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, sake, etc) 干酪、酸奶、酱菜、泡菜豉油、酒精饮料(啤酒、葡 萄酒、清酒等) Colouring Material (“angkak”) 着色材料(“红曲米”) Glucose Syrup/ HFS (High Fructose Syrup)葡萄糖浆/ HFS(高果葡糖浆) Thickener (xanthan gum, alginat, etc) 增稠剂(黄原胶、藻蛋白酸盐等) Single Cell Protein单细胞蛋白 Probiotic益生菌

Organic acids (acetic acid, lactic acid, etc) 有机酸(乙酸、乳酸等) Solvents (ethanol, acetone dll) 溶剂(乙醇、丙酮) Amino acids, enzymes, biosurfactant, etc 氨基酸、酶、生物表面活性剂等 Flavor Enhancer (MSG, Ribotide) 风味增加剂(味精、核糖核酸)

Antibiotic, Insulin, Interferon, Steroid 抗生素、胰岛素, 干扰素、类固醇 Vitamin (B 2, B 12, C dll) 维他命（B 2，B 12，C dll） Vaccine (e. g Hepatitis B, influenza, Polio, Meningitis etc 疫苗(如乙型肝炎、流行性感冒、小 儿麻痹症、脑膜炎等) Food Supplement (Spirulina, Chlorella) 保健品(螺旋藻、小球藻)

Identification of Microbial Product Critical Point Microbial Product 微生物产品 CP关键控制点

Clearly haram as stated in Al Qur’an, i. e khamr 在《古兰经》里清楚的描述了非清真 Media介质 Critical Points 关键控制点 Enzyme as processing aids in media preparation 在媒介的准备阶段酶作为加 助剂 Processing aids加 助剂 Recombinant microorganism which uses haram genes 使用haram基因重组微生物

Haram Products and its Derivative Haram 产品及其衍生物 Fermentation of sugar or starchy material for alcoholic beverages industry Khamr 糖或淀粉类物质发酵用于酒精饮料行业 Khamr Example例如 : Wine酒, Beer啤酒, brandy白兰地 , etc Its by products (fusel oil)副产品(杂醇油): : Amil alcohol, isoamil alcohol, n-butil alcohol, isobutil alcohol, propil alcohol, gliserol, asetaldehide, 2, 3 butanadiol, aseton dan diasetil. Khamr and/or its by products may be used as materials (raw, additive, supporting) in food, drugs, cosmetics and flavor industries

Haram Products and its Derivative Haram 产品及其衍生物 Its by products (fusel oil)副产品(杂醇油): : Amil alcohol, isoamil alcohol, n-butil alcohol, isobutil alcohol, propil alcohol, gliserol, asetaldehide, 2, 3 butanadiol, aseton dan diasetil. Khamr and/or its by products may be used as materials (raw, additive, supporting) in food, drugs, cosmetics and flavor industries Khamr 或者副产品可能被用作在食品、药品、化妆品、 香料香精 业中的原材料(原料、添加剂、辅助材料)

Clearly haram as stated in Al Qur’an, i. e khamr 在《古兰经》里清楚的描述了非清真 Media介质 Critical Points 关键控制点 Enzyme as processing aids in media preparation 在媒介的准备阶段酶作为加 助剂 Processing aids加 助剂 Recombinant microorganism which uses haram genes 使用haram基因重组微生物

Slant Agar 琼脂斜瓶 Liquid Media 液体介质 Inoculum/starter 接种 Seed Culture (dormant) 种子培养基 Reactivation 再活化 Propagation 繁殖 Fermentation /Production Inoculum Development 种子培养 Fermentor Downstream Processing/Recovery

Seed Culture and Propagation Media 种子培养基和繁殖的介质 It needs nutrition for accelerating the growth of microorganisms as nitrogen sources normally people use organic proteins or hydrolyzed of organic proteins such as meat extract, blood, gelatin, etc. 它需要营养加速微生物的生 作为氮源 通常人们使用有机蛋白或者水解的有机蛋白，例如肉提取物，血液 和明胶等

Seed Culture and Propagation Media 种子培养基和繁殖的介质 critical points 关键点: - organic protein (could be from animal) and 有机蛋白（可能来自动物） - enzyme for hydrolysis 水解的酶

Tabel 1. Materials Normally Used for Seed Culture and Propagation Media No Material Source 1. Beef extract Extracted from beef 2. Peptone : Hydrolysis of protein from meat, casein, or gelatin using acid of enzymes a. Acid-hydrolyzed casein Hydrolysed protein from casein using acid for hydrolysis example : casamino acids (Difco); Hy-case (Sheffield) b. Enzymatic (pancreatic) digest of casein Hydrolysed casein using enzymes for hydrolysis example : Casitone (Difco); NZ Amine dan NZ Case (Sheffield); Trypticase peptone (BBL) ; Tryptone (Difco dan Oxoid) c. Enzymatic digest of meat protein Hydrolysed protein from meat using enzymes for hydrolysis. Contoh : Myosate dan Thiotone (BBL), Primatone (Sheffield), Bactopeptone dan proteose peptone (Difco), Bacteriological peptone dan Proteose peptone (Oxoid) d. Enzymatic digest of plant (soy) protein Hydrolysed protein from plant (soybena) using enzymes fro hydrolysis. example : Phyotone (BBL), Soytone (Difco), Soyapeptone (Oxoid), NZ Soy peptone (Sheffield) Mixed hydrolisate Biosate (yeast extract and casein digest, BBL); Polypeptone (casein and meat digest, BBL); Tryptone (mixed-enzymatic source, Difco dan Oxoid) 3.

Fermentation Media发酵介质 usually using cheap and abundant substrates such as 经常使用廉价且丰富物质如下: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. By products of agroindustry e. g molasses, corn step liquor, tapioca waste, etc Non CP 农产品的副产品如糖蜜, 玉米糖浆，木薯残留物等->没有关键点 Animal fat/oil or its derivative (such as gliserol) CP : source of fat/oil ? 动物脂肪/油或者它的衍生物 关键控制点 : 脂肪/油的来源 ? Proteins or hydrolyzed vegetable protein (such as soya powder or soya hydrolisates) CP : enzyme for hydrolysis 蛋白或水解植物蛋白 (如大豆粉) 关键控制点 : 水解使用的酶 ? Hydrolisates of starchy material CP : source of amylase enzymes for hydrolysis ? 淀粉的水解 关键控制点: 水解使用的淀粉酶的来源 ? Etc 等等

Clearly haram as stated in Al Qur’an, i. e khamr 在《古兰经》里清楚的描述了非清真 Media介质 Critical Points 关键控制点 Enzyme as processing aids in media preparation 在媒介的准备阶段酶作为加 助剂 Processing aids加 助剂 Recombinant microorganism which uses haram genes 使用haram基因重组微生物

Enzymes which may be Produced from Animal 来自动物原材料的酶 Enzymes酶 - -amylase - Lipase/Fatty acid esterase - Phospholipase A - Protease (Trypsin) - Chymotrypsin - Protease (Pepsin) - Rennet - Aminoacylase - Catalase - Amino acid oxidase - Chloroperoxidase Source来源 Pancreas of cow or pig Pancreas of cow or pig Stomach of cow or pig Abomasum (stomach) of calf Kidney of pig Liver of animal Kidney of pig, or poison of snake Mamalian tissue

Clearly haram as stated in Al Qur’an, i. e khamr 在《古兰经》里清楚的描述了非清真 Media介质 Critical Points 关键控制点 Enzyme as processing aids in media preparation 在媒介的准备阶段酶作为加 助剂 Processing aids加 助剂 Recombinant microorganism which uses haram genes 使用haram基因重组微生物

Processing Aid 加 助剂 1. Antifoam消泡剂 Normally people use silicon, sulphonates, esters, and animal oil (lard) or fatty acids from animal oil. 人们通常使用硅，磺酸盐，酯类，动物油（猪油）或动物 油的脂肪酸 2. Activated carbon. 活性炭 Activated carbon usually used is from wood, coconut shell, or animal bone. 通常使用的活性炭是从木材，椰子壳，或动物的骨头。 3. Harvesting aid for spore of fungi using Tween 80 surfactant (e. g citric acid fermentation etc)

Clearly haram as stated in Al Qur’an, i. e khamr 在《古兰经》里清楚的描述了非清真 Media介质 Critical Points 关键控制点 Enzyme as processing aids in media preparation 在媒介的准备阶段酶作为加 助剂 Processing aids加 助剂 Recombinant microorganism which uses haram genes 使用haram基因重组微生物

Recombinant Products with the Genes from Haram animal /human 通过非清真动物或者人体的基因重组微生物制品 Example of recombinant products : -amilase and protease enzymes produced by recombinant Saccharomyces cereviceae with the gene from pig pancreas Insulin hormon produced by recombinant E. coli with the gene from pig pancreas Human growth hormone produced by recombinant E. coli with human gene

CRITICAL POINTS OF OTHER MATERIALS 其他原材料的关键控制点

Other Materials are Categorized as 被归类为其他材料 : • • Mineral 矿物质 Synthetic合成的 Mixture/compound混合物/化合物 Other materials not categorized in previous category除了以上分类的其他材料 Critical point关键控制点 : • Source of starting materials原料最初来源 • Additive添加剂 • Processing aid加 助剂

Identification of Miscellaneous Materials Critical Point Miscellaneous Materials Synthetic Mineral Mixture CP Non CP Organic CP Anorganic Any content of processing aid ? No Yes Non CP CP

EXAMPLES举例 Mineral/Mining Products矿物质产品 : If it is pure without any mixture 如果是纯的没有任何混合物 Non critical point没有关键控制点 Example : Ca. CO 3, bituminous earth, silica sand, etc.

• Aspartame阿斯巴甜 Its starting materials are aspartic acid and phenylalanine Critical points : source of both amino acids. 其原料是天门冬氨酸和苯丙氨酸 临界点 关键控制点 : 两种氨基酸的来源。 • Synthetic Colourings合成色素 The starting materials are not critical, but some use activated carbon in purification process 原料并不重要，但一些使用活性炭净化过程中的碳

• Seasoning 调料 Mixed raw materials, can be consisted of flavor enhancer (for example monosodium glutamate, I+G), plants extract (for example oleoresin), spices, and animals extract (for example beef powder, beef broth, chicken fat, beef fat, chicken broth or chicken powder, etc. ), spices, flavouring, etc. 原料混合物可以包括增味剂（如味精，呈味核苷酸），植 物提取物（例如松脂），香料，动物提取物（例如牛肉粉， 牛肉汤，鸡脂肪，脂肪的牛肉，鸡肉肉汤或鸡精等），香 料，调味品等。 The critical points are the raw materials and production facilities. 关键控制点是原材料和生产设施

Vitamin维生素 Water Soluble Vitamin : Vit. C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Folic acid, Vit. B 12 水溶性维生素：维生素C，硫胺素，核黄素，生 物素，泛酸，叶酸，维生素B 12 Group Of Vitamin 维生素组 : Fat Soluble Vitamin : Vit. A, D, E, K 脂溶性维生素：维生素A. D. E. K

Origin of Commercial Vitamin Kind of Vitamin Plant Animal Microbial Chemical Synthesis A ─ √ D ─ √ ─ ─ E √ ─ ─ √ K √ √ √ ─ C √ ─ √ √ Thiamin ─ ─ ─ √ Riboflavin (B 2) ─ ─ √ ─ Nicotinamide ─ ─ ─ √ B 6 ─ ─ ─ √ Biotin ─ ─ ─ √ Pantothenic acid ─ ─ ─ √ B 12 ─ √ √ √ Kolin ─ ─ ─ √ Karnitin ─ √

Haram Critical Point Plant Animal Microbial Chemical Synthesis Non HCP HCP Non HCP Further processing ? • Activated C (for refining) • Stabilizer agent, i. e : gelatin (for Vit. C, E, β-carotene) Haram Animal HARAM Halal Animal SLAUGH – TERING ? • Halalness of media (from refreshing to production media) • Activated C (for refining) Further Processing ? • Activated C (for refining) • Stabilizer agent, i. e : gelatin

Flavouring香料 Flavouring can be consist of香料如下 : • Flavouring ingredients香料原辅料 : - Flavouring substances (natural, naturidentical, artificial) 调味物质（天然，性质相同，人 ） - Flavouring preparations 调味准备 • Non-flavouring ingredients非香料成分

Source of Ingredients of Flavouring 香料原辅料的来源 : • Vegetable 蔬菜 • Animal 动物 • Synthetic 合成 Process 处理方式 : • Physical 物理 • Chemical 化学 • Biotechnological 生物 Critical points of flavour ingredients香料原辅料 的关键控制点: source and process来源和处理

Critical Points of Flavouring 香料的关键控制点 : • Materials 原材料 • Facilities 设备 • Sensory profiles感官

Resin树脂 • Ion-exchange resins are insoluble matrix normally in the form of small (1– 2 mm diameter) beads, widely used in separation, purification, and decontamination processes, such as water softening or purification, juice purification, sugar refining and pharmaceutical. 离子交换树脂通常是不能溶解的物质，它的形状是微笑的 玻璃粉（1 -2毫米）。它广泛的用于分离，提纯和去污，例 如水的软化和提纯，果汁提纯，白糖的精致和药用

Resin树脂 • Ion-exchange resin materials mostly based on crosslinked polystirene, such as adding divinyl benzene to styrene at the polymerization process. Can be used gelatin in initiation of resin polymerization. 离子交换树脂基于多层联系，例如在聚合中添加二乙烯基 苯 苯乙烯 。在树脂聚合的初期可以加入明胶。 Critical point 关键点: - Gelatin 明胶 : source 来源

Coloring : a substance, liquid or powder, that added to food, drink or others to change its color. Classification : 色素：一种物质，液体或者粉末，被添加到食品，饮料或者其他用于 改变颜色。分类为： • Natural Colorings 天然色素 Extracted using solvent from plant materials such as annato, safron, turmeric, beet, paprika, etc, from animal (bone or blood), heating of sugar (caramel) or by fermentation (red yeast rice by Monascus purpureus). Example : bixin, chlorophyl, , betanin, xantaxanthine, carbon black, erythrosine etc. The critical points are : source, solvent, coating/matrix to increase its stability and can be added with emulsifier 使用溶剂从植物中提取，例如胭脂，藏红花，姜黄，甜菜，辣椒粉等 等；或者来自动物（骨头和血液）；或者焦糖加热；或者发酵（用 红曲霉发酵红曲米）。例如：胭脂素，叶绿素，甜菜红苷；炭黑； 赤藓红等。关键点是：来源，溶剂，涂层/增加色素的稳定性（通常 使用乳化剂）

• Synthetic Colorings合成色素 Example : brilliant blue, tartrazine, erythrosine, sunset yellow. The starting materials are not critical, but sometimes use activated carbon in purification process 例如：孔雀蓝，酒石黄 ，赤藓红 ，日落黄。其原材料是不敏感 的，但是有时在净化过程会使用活性炭，活性炭是敏感的原材料

Amino Acid氨基酸 Amino acid is a monomer of protein, which can be obtained by synthetic reaction or from plant, animal or microbial. There approximately 20 different amino acids which occur in protein, such as : alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenilalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine and valin. Example : glycine can be synthetic, cystein/cystine from human hair/duck feather, glutamic acid produced by fermentation. 氨基酸是蛋白质的基本单位，氨基酸可以从植物，动物和微生物通过 合成反应获得。例如丙氨酸，精氨酸等大概20中氨基酸存在蛋白质中； 甘氨酸可以被合成；半胱氨酸来自头发或者鸭毛；谷氨酸通过发酵获 得。

Amino Acid氨基酸 Critical points 关键点: - Source 来源 - Microbial amino acid : ingredient of media fermentation 微生物氨基酸：发酵的培养基成分 - Enzyme used for separation L from DL-amino acids which produced by chemical synthesis, such as isomerase for L-methionine synthesis -被用于从通过化学合成的DL氨基酸里分离出L氨基酸所使用的酶，例 如从异构酶中分离出L-甲硫氨酸

Non Dairy Creamer植脂末 This product is a liquid or granular substance intended to substitute for milk or cream (texture, flavor and taste of real milk). Ingredients : corn syrup solid , vegetable oil, caseinate, emulsifier, anti caking agent, food colorin 这个产品是液体或者颗粒状的物质。用于替代牛奶或者奶 油（视觉，嗅觉和味觉上和牛奶一样）。其成分为：固体 玉米糖浆，植物油，酪蛋白，乳化剂，抗凝剂和食品色素

Non Dairy Creamer植脂末 Critical points关键点 : -Corn syrup solid : enzyme, decoloring/refining 固体玉米糖浆：酶，脱色介质/精制介质 - vegetable oil : source, refining, antioxidant 植物油：来源，精制介质和抗氧化剂 -Caseinate is a milk protein which produced by using coagulation agent (rennet) : source 酪蛋白是牛奶蛋白质，来源于可用的凝固物（凝乳酵素）：来源 - Emulsifier : source 乳化剂：来源 - Anti caking agent : source 抗凝剂：来源 - Food coloring : source, solvent, coating ? 食品色素：来源，溶剂和涂层（是色素稳定的物质）

Enzyme酶 Enzyme is a biological catalyst which increase the rate of chemical reaction. Each enzyme is quite specific in character, acting on a particular substrate to produce specific product. Enzyme can be obtained from plant, animal or by fermentation using microorganisms. 酶是一种生物催化剂，它是为了增加化学反应的得率。每一种 酶都有特殊的性质用于生产不同的产品。酶可以从植物，动物 或者微生物发酵中获得。

Enzyme酶 Enzyme type : liquid and powder 酶的类型：液体或者粉末 Example enzyme from animal来自动物的酶 Source来源 Enzyme酶 Cow, sheep, pig 牛， Diastase (amylase淀粉酶), pre-gastric esterase, lipase脂肪酶, pepsin胃蛋白酶, 羊，猪 trypsin胰蛋白酶, fitase, chymosine (rennin凝乳酶), phospholipase磷脂酶 Egg鸡蛋 Lisozyme溶解酵酶 Urine尿素 Urokinase尿激酶

Microbial Enzyme生物酶 • amylase : Aspergillus oryzae米曲酶 淀粉酶 Bacillus subtilis枯草芽孢杆菌 • Celulase : Aspergillus sp. 曲菌属 纤维素酶 Tricoderma reesei氏木霉 • Glucoamylase : A. niger黑曲霉 葡萄糖淀粉酶 Rhizopus sp. 根霉属菌 • Lipase : Aspergillus sp. 曲菌属 脂肪酶 Rhizopus sp. 根霉属菌 Candida cylindraceae • Protease : Aspergillus niger黑曲霉 蛋白酶 A. oryzae米曲酶 Rhizopus sp. 根霉属菌 Bacillus sp. 一种芽孢杆菌

Critical points of enzyme酶的关键点 : - Source来源 - Microbial enzyme : ingredient fermentation media & processing aids including for breaking cells to extract intracellular enzyme 生物酶：发酵的培养基成分和助剂包括切碎细胞提取细 胞内的酶 - Purification e. g. ion exchange resin for chromatography & drying (spray drying) 纯化，例如色层分析和干燥（喷雾干燥）使用的离子交换树脂 - Additives to stabilize liquid enzyme : sugar (glucose, sucrose, lactose, amino acid, ascorbic acid etc) 使液态酶稳定的添加剂：糖（葡萄糖，蔗糖，乳糖，氨基酸 和抗坏血酸（维生素C）