AVIATION TRAINERS ATTACK HELICOPTERS IN THE RECONNAISSANCE ROLE

AVIATION TRAINERS ATTACK HELICOPTERS IN THE RECONNAISSANCE ROLE LEADER TRAINING PROGRAM TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS PURPOSE PROVIDE A BASIS FOR DISCUSSION TO ADDRESS TTPs FOR EMPLOYMENT OF ATTACK HELICOPTERS IN THE RECONNAISSANCE ROLE TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS BLUF “SUCCESSFUL RECONNAISSANCE IS THE PRECURSOR TO ALL SUCCESSFUL OPERATIONS. ” FM 100 -5 TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS AGENDA • • • RECONNAISSANCE DEFINITIONS FUNDAMENTALS OF RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS PLANNING EXECUTION CONCLUSION TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS RECONNAISSANCE DEFINITIONS “RECONNAISSANCE IS A DIRECTED EFFORT TO COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT ENEMY AND THE FRIENDLY COMMANDER’S AREA OF OPERATIONS. ” FM 100 -40 “RECONNAISSANCE IS A MISSION UNDERTAKEN TO OBTAIN INFORMATION BY VISUAL OBSERVATION, OR OTHER DETECTION METHODS, ABOUT THE ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES OF AN ENEMY, OR ABOUT THE METEOROLOGIC, HYDROGRAPHIC, OR GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARTICULAR AREA. ” FM 17 -95 “THE MAIN PURPOSE OF RECONNAISSANCE IS TO GAIN INFORMATION OF TACTICAL IMPORTANCE ABOUT THE ENEMY, TERRAIN, AND WEATHER. ” FM 1 -114 TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS FUNDAMENTALS OF RECONNAISSANCE “MORRGD” • CONTINUOUS AND MAXIMUM RECONNAISSANCE FORCES FORWARD • ORIENT ON THE RECONNAISSANCE OBJECTIVE • REPORT INFORMATION RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY • RETAIN FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT • GAIN AND MAINTAIN ENEMY CONTACT • DEVELOP THE SITUATION RAPIDLY TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS GAIN AND MAINTAIN ENEMY CONTACT • PARAMOUNT TASK FOR RECONNAISSANCE UNITS • MUST DETERMINE SIZE, COMPOSITION, STRENGTH, AND INTENTIONS OF ENEMY FORCES • SURVEILLANCE COMBINED WITH STEALTH IS THE PRIMARY TECHNIQUE, COUPLED WITH TARGET HANDOVERS TO ASSETS IN DEPTH • FIRE AND MOVEMENT IS UTILIZED IAW METT-T • ONCE GAINED, CONTACT IS NOT BROKEN “IF YOU DON’T HOLD THE ENEMY BY THE NOSE, YOU CAN’T KICK HIM IN THE ASS. ” PATTON TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ORIENT ON THE RECONNAISSANCE OBJECTIVE • COMMANDER’S FOCUS THEIR RECON EFFORTS THROUGH RECON OBJECTIVES • CLEAR TASK AND PURPOSE IS DELINEATED TO THE SCOUTS • RECONNAISSANCE OBJECTIVES MAY BE TERRAIN OR ENEMY ORIENTED • ASSIGNED WITH THE LOOKERS / SHOOTERS CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS IN MIND • IPB AND PIRs HELP IDENTIFY THE COMMANDER’S RECON OBJECTIVES TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ORIENT ON THE RECONNAISSANCE OBJECTIVE (CONT’D) • COMMANDER’S MUST REMAIN FOCUSED ON THE RECON OBJECTIVE REGARDLESS OF WHAT IS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE MISSION. FM 100 -40/17 -95/1 -114 “THOSE WHO DO NOT KNOW THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOUNTAINS AND FORESTS, HAZARDOUS DEFILES, MARSHES AND SWAMPS, CANNOT CONDUCT THE MARCH OF AN ARMY. ” SUN TZU TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS RETAIN FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT • RECONNAISSANCE ASSETS MUST BE ABLE TO MANEUVER ON THE BATTLEFIELD • SCOUTS MUST NOT BECOME DECISIVELY ENGAGED • INITIATIVE, TERRAIN, AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE ENEMY FACILITATES MANEUVER • PRIMARY MEANS OF RECONNAISSANCE IS BY STEALTH “COMMANDER’S MANEUVER THEIR FORCES TO CREATE THE CONDITIONS FOR TACTICAL AND OPERATIONAL SUCCESS. ” FM 100 -5 TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS REPORT INFORMATION RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY • RECONNAISSANCE INFORMATION LOSES VALUE AS TIME PASSES • COMMANDER’S REQUIRE INFORMATION QUICKLY TO MAKE DECISIONS • SCOUTS MUST REPORT EXACTLY WHAT THEY SEE • NEGATIVE SPOT REPORTS OR SEEMINGLY UNIMPORTANT INFORMATION MAY BE CRITICAL TO THE FIGHT TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS REPORT INFORMATION RAPIDLY AND ACCURATELY (CONT’D) • IPB AND CCIR DELINEATE TO THE SCOUTS WHAT THE RECONNAISSANCE FOCUS IS FOR REPORTING • BATTLE AND TARGET HANDOVERS ARE CRITICAL FOR INFORMATION FLOW AND SUSTAINMENT OF EFFORT FM 100 -40 / 17 -95 “TELL THE TRUTH ABOUT WHAT YOU SEE AND WHAT YOU DO. THERES AN ARMY DEPENDING ON US FOR CORRECT INFORMATION. ” STANDING ORDER, ROGER’S RANGERS TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS DEVELOP THE SITUATION RAPIDLY • QUICK SITUATION DEVELOPMENT FACILITATES RECONNAISSANCE • RECON ASSETS MUST DEPLOY IMMEDIATELY UPON CONTACT • MUST AGGRESSIVELY SCOUT FOR GAPS, WEAKNESS, AND FLANKS OF ENEMY • RECONNAISSANCE BY FIRE MAY BE NECESSARY TO GAIN REQUIRED INFORMATION • MUST HAVE BATTLE DRILLS AND SOPs THAT ADDRESS ACTIONS ON CONTACT • FIRE AND MANEUVER TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS AIRCRAFT CAPABILITIES AIRCRAFT AH-64 A WEAPONS SUPPRESSION POINT TGT ENDURANCE TGT ACQ FLIR DTV TGT REC FLIR DTV 30 MM 2. 75” RKT HELLFIRE 2 HR 10 MIN 6. 5 KM 8. 0 KM 3. 5 KM 6. 0 KM (39. 8 X) (127 X) 3 HR 40 MIN 50 CAL 2. 75” RKT HELLFIRE 2 HR 10 MIN 8+ KM (37. 3 X) (25 X) W/ 1 AUX TANK UHF/VHF/ SINCGARS 72 MIN VIDEO RECORD OH-58 D KW UHF/VHF/ SINCGARS 8 MM VIDEO RECORD TRAIN THE FORCE 5. 0 KM 8+ KM

AVIATION TRAINERS MISSIONS • RECONNAISSANCE –ZONE –AREA –ROUTE –RECON IN FORCE TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS PLANNING TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS BATTALION PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • CDR’S INTENT • CRITICAL TASKS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED • TASK ORGANIZATION • START POINT, RELEASE POINT, AND DESIGNATION OF THE OBJECTIVE MISSION • CONSTRAINTS/RESTRICTIONS • CRITICAL POINTS IDENTIFIED AS CHECKPOINTS • NAIs • IPB • FARP EMPLOYMENT TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS BATTALION PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS (CONT’D) • GROUND COMMANDER’S SCHEME OF MANEUVER • LOCATION OF FRIENDLIES • FIRE (FA, MORTARS, CAS) • CCIRs • FOLLOW-ON MISSION • PASSAGE OF LINES / BHO TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS R&S PLANNING • NORMALLY PLANNED BY THE S 2 AND COORDINATED WITH THE S 3 TO CONFIRM OR DENY THE S 2’s TEMPLATING • TREND: R&S PLANNING NOT FOCUSED • TREND REVERSAL - APPOINT “CHIEF OF RECONNAISSANCE” WHO IS NOT THE S 2 OR S 3, BUT HAS TASKING AUTHORITY • RECOMMEND A/S 3 AS CHIEF OF RECON • PLANNING CELL INCLUDES A/S 2, A/FSO, A/S 4 • CHIEF OF RECON RESPONSIBLE FOR PLAN/PREPARATION/EXECUTION OF RECON EFFORT TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS R&S PLANNING (CONT’D) • INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS ARE PRIORITIZED FOR R&S MISSIONS AND REFINED AS SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION ORDERS • ECONOMY OF EFFORT IS NECESSARY WHEN REQUIREMENTS OUTWEIGH ASSETS • S 2 PLANS SECONDARY REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL ASSETS “COMMANDERS MUST FOCUS INTELLIGENCE. THEY MUST DECIDE WHAT THEY NEED TO KNOW FOR THE OPERATION TO SUCCEED. THIS INCLUDES ESTABLISHING CLEAR PRIORITIES FOR INTELLIGENCE AND TARGETS. MY GOAL WAS TO LIMIT MY QUESTIONS TO SIX. ” GENERAL FREDRICK FRANKS JR. TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS PLANNING TREND REVERSAL AIR / GROUND INTEGRATION • C 2 RELATIONSHIP OF AIR / GROUND TROOPS. . . NORMALLY SQDNs HAVE CONTROL. AIR / GROUND TEAMS MAY BE FORMED AS NECESSARY DURING THE MISSION • AIR TROOP ROTATION PLAN AND MISSIONS • GROUND TROOP MISSIONS • CRITICAL TASKS TO BE PERFORMED BY EACH AIR AND GROUND ELEMENT TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS PLANNING TREND REVERSAL FIRE SUPPORT PLANNING • OBSERVER PLAN • COMMUNICATIONS PLAN FROM OBSERVER TO FSO • FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES • TARGETING PROCESS • TASK AND PURPOSE OF EACH TARGET (CDR’S CONCEPT / INTENT FOR FIRES) TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS PLANNING TREND REVERSAL COMMANDER’S GUIDANCE / INTENT • CRITICAL TASKS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED • ENGAGE / BYPASS CRITERIA • TASK AND PURPOSE OF RECONNAISSANCE FORCE / SECURITY FORCE TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS CONTROL MEASURES • LATERAL BOUNDARIES • START POINT (SP) • CONTACT POINTS (CP) • COORDINATION POINTS • CHECK POINTS • PASSAGE POINTS (PP) • LINE-OF-DEPARTURE (LD) • BATTLE HANDOVER LINE • AIR CORRIDOR • PHASE LINES (PL) • TRPs • TIRS • LIMIT-OF-ADVANCE (LOA) • NAIs TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS CONTROL MEASURES PL PETE (LOA) RP PL PETE (LOA) 20 PL MIKE B PL MIKE A C B SP SP LD/BHL TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS BATTALION EMPLOYMENT TECHNIQUES LOA RECON FORCE LD LD HA/FAA TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS BATTALION EMPLOYMENT TECHNIQUES LOA RECON FORCES A B LD LD HA/FAA TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS BATTALION EMPLOYMENT TECHNIQUES LOA A B B C RECON FORCES LD LD TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS COMPANY PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • BATTALION TASK ORGANIZATION • OPTICS AND WEAPONS RANGES OF AIRCRAFT • WEAPONS LOAD • STATION TIME VS WEAPONS LOAD • RELIEF / BHO PLAN • ALL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE BATTALION TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS WEAPONS LOAD • WEAPONS SHOULD BE CONFIGURED TO PROVIDE SUPPRESSIVE FIRES TO ALLOW FREEDOM TO MANEUVER AND INCREASED STATION TIME TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ACTIONS ON CONTACT • DEPLOY / REPORT • DEVELOP THE SITUATION • CHOOSE COA • RECOMMEND COA TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS RECONNAISSANCE METHODS • STEALTH • AGGRESSIVE RECON TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS EXECUTION TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ZONE AREA RECONNAISSANCE CRITICAL TASKS • RECONNOITER ALL TERRAIN WITHIN THE ZONE / AREA • INSPECT AND EVALUATE BRIDGES WITHIN THE ZONE / AREA • FIND AND REPORT ALL ENEMY FORCES WITHIN THE ZONE / AREA • LOCATE ALL FORDS AND CROSSING SITES • LOCATE ALL MINES AND OBSTACLES WITHIN THE ZONE / AREA • LOCATE BYPASSES AROUND BUAs, OBSTACLES, AND CONTAMINATED AREAS • REPORT RECONNAISSANCE INFORMATION TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ZONE RECONNAISSANCE LOA NAI PL PL LD LD TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS AREA RECONNAISSANCE PL PL OBJ GOLD ALT LZ LZ PAM SUE PL PL LD LD 20 30 TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE CRITICAL TASKS • RECON AND DETERMINE TRAFFICABILITY OF THE ROUTE • RECON ALL TERRAIN THE ENEMY CAN USE TO DOMINATE • MOVEMENT ALONG THE ROUTE • RECON ALL BUAs ON THE ROUTE • RECON ALL LATERAL ROUTES • INSPECT AND EVALUATE BRIDGES AND FORDS TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE CRITICAL TASKS (CONT’D) • RECON ALL DEFILES, OBSTACLES, AND BARRIERS • LOCATE BYPASSES FOR ALL OBSTACLES AND BUAs • FIND / REPORT ALL ENEMY THAT INFLUENCES ROUTE • REPORT ROUTE INFORMATION TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE LOA RP LOA PL PL SP LD LD TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS RECON IN FORCE HA/FAA TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS MOVEMENT TO CONTACT EA SMASH TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS CONCLUSION • RECONNAISSANCE IS A MISSION, NOT A PLATFORM • ATTACK HELICOPTERS PROVIDE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO RECONNAISSANCE THROUGH FLEXIBILITY, SPEED, OPTICS, AND FIREPOWER • PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS MUST INCLUDE ORGANIC WEAPONS RANGES AND OPTICS CAPABILITIES/LIMITATIONS • R&S PLANNING IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES SCOUTs PROVIDE FIRE DISTRIBUTION USING TRP 30 RED TM FIRES FOR LEAD SCOUT 10 30 20 LEAD 50 40 WING SCOUT DESIGNATORS BLUE TM FIRES FOR WING SCOUT REMOTE SHOOTERS SECURITY TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES 10 20 30 RED TM FIRES LEAD FOR LEAD SCOUT 40 SCOUT PLT LDR CONTROLS FIRE DISTRIBUTION USING TRPs 20 & 30 AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FIRE SUPPORT BLUE TM FIRES FOR CHALK 3 SCOUT PLT LDR REMOTE SHOOTERS SECURITY TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AH-64 D LEAD LBA W/RADAR SCANS EA LEAD REMOTE SHOOTERS WING LBA W/RADAR PROVIDES SECURITY AND SCANS IN ATM REMOTE SHOOTERS TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AH-64 D PF 1 LEAD LBA W/RADAR ASSIGNS PRIORITY FIRE ZONES AND TRANSMITS TO LBA W/O RADAR FOR RF MSL REMOTE ENGAGEMENTS PF 2 OWN PF 2 PF 5 PF 6 WING LEAD REMOTE SHOOTERS PF 1 PF 4 REMOTE SHOOTERS PF 5 PF 6 TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES TRAVELING TMs TOGETHER IN COMPANY FORMATION TMs SEPARATE IN COMPANY FORMATION TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES TRAVELING OVERWATCH LOA LT PLT MOVES FORWARD HVY PLT OVERWATCHS LT PLTs MOVE FORWARD TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES BOUNDING OVERWATCH SUCCESSIVE LOA LT PLT BOUNDS FORWARD HVY PLT OVERWATCHS LT PLTs BOUND TRAIN THE FORCE

AVIATION TRAINERS MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES BOUNDING OVERWATCH ALTERNATING LOA HVY TM WAITS FOR LT TM TO CALL SET, THEN BOUNDS LT TM SETS, THEN OVERWATCHES HVY TMs BOUND TRAIN THE FORCE