Standard Model and Higgs Physics at the LHC

Standard Model and Higgs Physics at the LHC Next Steps in the Energy Frontier August 25, 2014 Fermilab Jeffrey Berryhill (Fermilab) On behalf of the ATLAS and CMS collaborations

2 Outline 1. QCD 2. The vector bosons 3. The top quark 4. The Higgs boson 5. Beyond the Higgs boson

3 1. QCD 1. Jets at the Terascale 2. The evolution of a. S 3. V+jets and the NLO/PS revolution

Inclusive jet production at LHC 4 CMS-PAS-FSQ-12 -031 CMS-PAS-SMP-12 -012 • Fixed-order NLO prediction folded with nonperturbative corrections • Agreement observed with data over 2 decades in energy and 13 orders of magnitude in cross section! • Jets observed with ET> 2 Te. V • ~1% jet energy scale uncertainty dominates cross section error. • Will improve q, g PDF uncertainty at high x Anti-kt jets, R=0. 7

5 Inclusive jet production at LHC • Double ratio of (Data/MC, 2. 76 Te. V)/(Data/MC, 7 Te. V) also explored as a highprecision test of QCD, and potentially reveal onset of new phenomena at higher sqrt(s). EPJC 73 (2013) 2509

6 Dijet production at LHC JHEP 05 (2014) 059 • Dijet predictions at 7 Te. V and 8 Te. V also observed in agreement with data. • Dijet masses > 5 Te. V observed CMS-PAS-SMP-14 -002

Multijet production at LHC • 3 -jet/2 -jet ratio, 3 -jet mass, observed in agreement with NLOJET. 4 -jet mass shape compared with PYTHIA. • Testing 3 -jet masses out to 5 Te. V • 3 rd jet spectra sensitive to FSR probes a. S running ATLAS-CONF-2014 -045 CMS-PAS-QCD-11 -006 EPJC 73 (2013) 2604 7

Strong-coupling evolution • Several LHC measurements now probing a. S vs. their characteristic Q 2 • Inclusive jet • R 32 • tt cross section • 3 -jet mass Ex: 7 Te. V Inclusive jet xsec samples a. S from Q = 150 Ge. V to 1000 Ge. V Global fit to a. S + PDFs gives 0. 002 experimental precision (2 X WAVG). • Dominant error is NLO scale dependence we need NNLO cross sections! EWK NLO corrections not negligible! Consistent agreement over three decades of Q and four different colliders CMS-PAS-SMP-12 -028 8

Vector boson + jet production • Key proving ground for NLO+PS revolution: Sherpa 2, a. MC@NLO, MINLO, et al. and the ME engines driving them (Black. Hat, Open. Loops, Madgraph et al. ) • NLO up to 5 jets!! • With fully merged/matched PS • Mostly automated and for large array of final states • W+jets cross section at 7 Te. V: Validates Black. Hat+Sherpa, Sherpa+MEPS@NLO out to 5 jets ATLAS-CONF-2014 -035 9

Vector boson + jet production • W+jets cross section at 7 Te. V: Less successful for observables like HT which sum over (possibly higher order) jet activity ATLAS-CONF-2014 -035 10

Vector boson + jet production • Z+jets cross section at 8 Te. V: out to Njet = 7 and jet PT of 1 Te. V • Sherpa 2 does well with inclusive rate, under-predicts leading jet spectrum at highest ET CMS-PAS-SMP-13 -007 11

Vector boson + jet production • Z+jets cross section at 8 Te. V • Now available doublydifferentially in jet PT and Y (suitable for future PDF fitting, à la inclusive jet) • Sherpa 2 does better than Madgraph, but under-predicts at highest jet ET CMS-PAS-SMP-14 -009 12

2. The vector bosons 1. Vector bosons at the Terascale 2. The TGC menagerie 3. The dawn of vector boson scattering 13

Drell-Yan Cross Section at LHC (7 Te. V) JHEP 12 (2013) 030 • Cross section vs. dilepton mass measured at 7 Te. V, from 15 -1500 Ge. V in mass. • 1 M events/fb/experiment at 7 Te. V! • ee, mm in agreement with each other and with the Standard Model 14

Drell-Yan Cross Section at LHC (7 Te. V) • NNLO QCD corrections are important at low mass (mostly boosted events) • NLO EWK corrections and photon-induced production relevant at high masses. Photon PDF is needed for accurate predictions. JHEP 06 (2014) 112 JHEP 12 (2013) 030 FEWZ 3 NNLO QCD + NLO EWK + gg l+l- PLB 725 (2013) 223 15

Drell-Yan Cross Section at LHC (8 Te. V) CMS-PAS-SMP-14 -003 • Cross section vs. dilepton mass now measured at 8 Te. V, from 15 -2000 Ge. V in mass. • Differential double ratios (1/s. Z)(ds/dm)8 Te. V / (1/s. Z)(ds/dm)7 Te. V measured for the first time 16

32 ZZ Production ATLAS-CONF-2013 -020 CMS-PAS-SMP-12 -016 arxiv: 1406. 0113 ZZ 4 l ZZ mass • ~300 ZZ to 4 -lepton candidates observed at 8 Te. V/experiment with SM rate and shapes • ~200 ZZ to 2 l 2 v candidates observed at 8 Te. V, give best (dim 8) TGC constraint ZZ 2 l 2 v Z PT

18 WW Production (7 Te. V) • Thousands of candidates in dilepton channel WW leading lepton PT, 7 Te. V EPJC 73 (2013) 2610 • Leading lepton PT shows no anomalous contribution • Significant diboson signal in semileptonic channel • Higher BR and low background at high PT gives superior TGC constraint PRD 87 (2013) 112001 W dijet mass, 7 Te. V EPJC 73 (2013) 2283 W dijet PT, 7 Te. V

Charged a. TGCs: World Summary • Best single LHC 7 Te. V measurements equal LEP 2 or Tevatron combinations • Semileptonic WW gives the best information on k and l, leptonic WW and WZ better for g. • LHC 8 Te. V will provide 2 -3 X better constraints, eclipsing LEP 2 • Higgs-VV’ couplings also compete here! • Probing L ≈ 200 -500 Ge. V for c ≈ 1 19

20 WW Production (8 Te. V) • Kinematic shapes agree with prediction, but cross section excess observed at 20% level in CMS and ATLAS WW scaled by 1. 2 emu dilepton mass, 8 Te. V leading lepton PT, 8 Te. V WW scaled by 1. 2 • ~5000 emu ATLAS candidates with 20/fb! • Systematics from jet veto acceptance, background methods CMS 69. 9± 2. 8 (stat. )± 5. 6 (syst. )± 3. 1 (lum. ) pb (1. 8 s) ATLAS 71. 4± 1. 2 (stat. )± 5. 0 (syst. )± 2. 2 (lum. ) pb (2. 1 s) MCFM 58. 7± 3. 0 (syst. ) pb • Not yet reporting: CMS lvlv 20/fb, WW lvjj 20/fb =qq, qg 53. 2 MCFM NLO +gg 1. 4 MCFM LO +HWW 4. 1 NNLO+NNLL • Theory calculation being actively studied (jet vetoes, NNLO) Higher order/other≈ +3 -4 pb? PLB 721 (2013) 190 ATLAS-CONF-2014 -033

Electroweak Z + 2 jet production • VBF Z one of 3 (interfering) EWK Z + 2 jet amplitudes • Unique laboratory for studying rapidity gaps and VBF jet dynamics • Require dijet “VBF topology”: large dijet mass (250 -1000 Ge. V) large dijet Dy (or rapidity gap) and other kinematic information to separate from QCD Z+ 2 jet • CMS observed a 2. 6 s signal in the 7 Te. V data after a BDT selection JHEP 04 (2014) 031 CMS 8 Te. V to be submitted JHEP 10 (2013) 062 21

Electroweak Z + 2 jet production • >5 s evidence has been reported by both experiments at 8 Te. V, first published by ATLAS. Cross sections are consistent with SM predictions. s. EWK = 10. 7 ± 2. 1 fb s. POWHEG = 9. 4 fb 22 s. EWK = 226 ± 44 fb s. VBFNLO = 239 fb • After reweighting QCD Z+2 jets in sidebands, jet dynamics wellmodeled in and around search regions

Effective Field Theory for Quartic Couplings • SM has 4 quartic interactions (QGCs): WWWW, WWZZ, WWgg, and WWZg • Dim 6 OPE has QGC correlated with TGC dibosons dominate their constraints • 19 new quartic terms become relevant at Dim 8. Neutral 4 boson vertices can be non -zero (ZZZZ, ZZZg, ZZgg, Zggg). • Manifested as triboson or vector-boson scattering phenomena SM Quartic interactions 23

W±W± scattering at LHC 24 arxiv: 1405. 6241 CMS-PAS-SMP-13 -015 • SM electroweak symmetry breaking with Higgs essential to preserve vector boson scattering cross section unitarity • Same-sign WW vector boson scattering production provides attractive S/B at LHC • Anomalous differential cross sections would indicate extended Higgs sector (e. g. George. Machacek H++), new particles, or (giant) anomalous QGCs

W±W± scattering at LHC 25 arxiv: 1405. 6241 CMS-PAS-SMP-13 -015 • The 8 Te. V data have been searched by both CMS and ATLAS for same-sign WW+2 jets ATLAS: 500 Ge. V dijet mass and 2. 4 rapidity gap define signal rich VBS region ATLAS: Good agreement with SM expectation in signal and control regions. Background mainly from real multilepton sources.

W±W± scattering at LHC • Cross section in VBS region is SM-like with 3. 6 s significance (2. 8 expected) • first evidence for vector boson scattering! • Limits obtained on a. QGCs in a unitarized model, L ≈ 650 Ge. V for c ≈ 1 26 arxiv: 1405. 6241 CMS-PAS-SMP-13 -015

W±W± scattering at LHC arxiv: 1405. 6241 CMS-PAS-SMP-13 -015 • CMS: 500 Ge. V dijet mass and 2. 5 dijet rapidity gap, with top veto, Z veto, and dilepton mass > 50 Ge. V • Most remaining background is fake/non-prompt leptons • Observed events agree with SM predictions 2. 0 s excess from VBS (3. 1 expected) 4. 0+2. 4− 2. 0 (stat) +1. 1− 1. 0 (syst) fb VBFNLO: 5. 8 ± 1. 2 fb 27

3. The top quark 1. Top as a precision QCD laboratory 2. Single top and tt. V 3. Searches with Mega-tops 28

29 tt production cross section arxiv: 1406. 5375 Very high-purity tt and high-statistics samples allow for precision tests of p. QCD ~2 k emu+2 b/fb 4 -5% xsec from ATLAS/CMS! • • Lepton+jets and dilepton cross sections measured for 7 and 8 Te. V • Now providing a serious test of NNLO+NNLL calculations • Sensitive to mass at ~2. 5 Ge. V level JHEP 02 (2014) 024

30 Precision top mass measurement ATLAS-CONF-2013 -077 CMS-PAS-TOP-14 -001 Sub-Ge. V mass measurements are now a regular occurrence ATLAS 7 Te. V dilepton+jets: 640 Me. V stat 1500 Me. V syst (b-tag, JES) CMS 8 Te. V l+jets: 770 Me. V precision, systematics are 50/50 detector/modeling 173. 09 ± 0. 64 (stat) ± 1. 50 (syst) Ge. V Recent world combo ~760 Me. V precision + 3 more recent entrants! From C. Tancredi, ICHEP 2014

31 Single top production processes Single top production in the t-channel known to 10% level in 7 and 8 Te. V data t. W production: First observation at 6. 1 s in CMS 8 Te. V data. Agrees with SM at 23% level. arxiv: 1406. 7844 Still looking at LHC for single top s-channel (< 2. 1 X SM) CMS-PAS-TOP-13 -009 PRL 112 (2014) 231802

32 Evidence of tt. V production • • Select SS 2 -lepton, 3 lepton, and 4 -lepton + (>= 1 b) jets events ATLAS-CONF-2014 -038 SS-2 -lepton tt. W-like, 3 lepton tt. Z-like • ATLAS: tt. W @ 3. 1 s, tt. Z @3. 1 s, tt. V @ 4. 9 s • CMS: tt. W @ 1. 6 s, tt. Z @ 3. 1 s, tt. V @ 3. 7 s arxiv: 1406. 7830

tt charge asymmetry • ISR/FSR interference, LONLO interference induces small SM asymmetry in production rapidity • ATLAS (CMS) 7 Te. V data bound AC at 1. 1 % (1. 5%) level • World average precision 0. 9% • Exotic tt interactions would modify AC vs. mass JHEP 04 (2014) 191 JHEP 02 (2014) 107 33

34 Rare t decays • Anomalous tq. Z, tqg, and tqg FCNC couplings sought in rare decays. Credible new physics rates at 10 -4 -10 -5 level • tq. Z, tqg selected as tt with one less b, one more Z/g. Limits in 10 -3 10 -4 range • Single top final state kinematics can be mined for tqg interactions at 10 -5 level • Next factor ten will probe the new physics rates in tqg and tq. Z PRL 112 (2014) 171802 tqg tq. Z ATLAS-CONF-2013 -063 CMS-PAS-TOP-14 -003

4. The Higgs boson 1. The boson channels 2. The fermion channels 3. The couplings 35

Bosonic channels: H gg • Inclusive bump now visible over a smoothly parametrized bkg with floating shape • Simultaneous fit over categories of similar S/B leads to 5. 7 s signal (5. 2 s exp. ) • Consistent signal across categories at 124. 7 ± 0. 3 Ge. V • 150 Me. V mass systematics from data/MC agreement in ECAL response arxiv: 1407. 0558 36

Bosonic channels: H gg • Similar categorified bump analysis found 7. 4 s signal (4. 3 s exp. ) • Recent calorimeter recalibration and mass re-analysis: M = 126. 0 ± 0. 5 Ge. V m = 1. 29 ± 0. 30 arxiv: 1406. 3827 PLB 726 (2013) 88 37

Bosonic channels: H ZZ* • Select on 4 l-mass and kinematic BDT : 8. 1 s signal (6. 2 s exp. ) • 2 D fit to M-4 l and kinematic matrixelement discriminant to extract mass MH= 124. 51 ± 0. 52 (stat) ± 0. 06 (syst) Ge. V µ = 1. 44 +0. 34− 0. 31 (stat) +0. 21− 0. 11(syst) arxiv: 1408. 5191 arxiv: 1406. 3827 38

Bosonic channels: H ZZ* • Fit of M-4 l and kinematic likelihood ratio observe a signal 6. 8 s (6. 7 s exp. ) M = 125. 6 ± 0. 5 Ge. V m = 0. 9 ± 0. 3 PRD 89 (2014) 092007 MH = 125. 6 ± 0. 4 (stat) ± 0. 2 (syst) Ge. V 39

Precision Higgs mass combination CMS 125. 03 +0. 26− 0. 27 (stat) +0. 13− 0. 15 (syst) Ge. V ATLAS 125. 36 ± 0. 37 (stat) ± 0. 18 (syst) Ge. V CMS-PAS-HIG-14 -009 arxiv: 1406. 3827 40

41 Bosonic channels: H WW* • Select dilepton+MET+0/1 /2 jets to observe broad signal in mll, m. T • CMS 2 D fit to mll vs. m. T: 4. 3 s signal (5. 8 s exp. ) m = 0. 7 ± 0. 2 ATLAS counting experiment in Njet categories: 3. 8 s PLB 726 (2013) 88 signal (3. 8 s exp. ) JHEP 1401 (2014) 096 m = 1. 0 ± 0. 3 • PLB 726 (2013) 88 JHEP 01 (2014) 096

Fermionic channels: H tt • Select ditau+0/1/2 jets to observe bump in ditau mass near large Z peak • CMS mtt fit in Njet and tau decay categories: 3. 2 s signal (3. 7 s exp. ) m = 0. 8 ± 0. 3 • ATLAS BDT fit in Njet and tau decay categories: 4. 1 s signal (3. 2 s exp. ) m = 1. 4 ± 0. 5 JHEP 05 (2014) 104 ATLAS-CONF-2013 -108 42

43 Fermionic channels: H bb • Select Wbb, Z(ll or vv)bb events and analyze Mbb, other kinematics to separate large backgrounds • Extraction validated by VZ(bb) measurements • CMS BDT fit in V PT and V decay categories: 2. 1 s signal (2. 1 s exp. ) PRD 89 (2014) 012003 m = 1. 0 ± 0. 5 • ATLAS Mbb fit in V PT, Njet, and V decay categories: no significant signal m = 0. 2 ± 0. 7 ATLAS-CONF-2013 -079

44 The search for tt. H production • Sought in H decays to bb, gg, tt, and WW*/ZZ* • bb signal extracted with kinematic MVA against large ttbb bkg. • Low-stat. gg channel exploits narrow H peak ATLAS bb: 1. 3 s ATLAS-CONF-14 -011 ATLAS-CONF-14 -043 CMS comb: 3. 4 s (2. 2 s) ar. Xiv: 1408. 1682 +1. 0 m = 2. 8 -0. 9

45 Combined signal strengths CMS-PAS-HIG-14 -009 ATLAS-CONF-14 -009 1. 00 ± 0. 09 (stat) +0. 08− 0. 07 (th) ± 0. 07 (syst) 1. 30 ± 0. 12 (stat) ± 0. 10 (th) ± 0. 09 (syst)

46 Higgs coupling measurement • Can consider several different EFT “bases” for encoding HVV’ and Hff (possibly anomalous) couplings. Here, scale factors for HWW, HZZ, Htt, Hbb, Htt operators are considered simultaneously (“generic five-parameter”) CMS-PAS-HIG-14 -009 ATLAS-CONF-14 -009

Higgs spin-parity studies • Multivariate angular analysis of diboson final states discriminates against JCP, anomalous couplings • Ex: ATLAS H ZZ, WW, gg analysis rejects JCP= 2+ at 99. 9%CL • CMS has performed coupling estimation and JCP hypothesis testing for a wide range of BSM scenarios CMS-PAS-HIG-14 -014 ATLAS-CONF-2013 -040 47

48 Higgs width constraints • Impossible to directly observe SM Higgs width (4 Me. V) • gg H(*) ZZ* has sizable off-shell-Higgs rate relative to on-shell • OFF/ON ~ GH • Relative off/on-shell cross section extracted from fit to m-4 l in ZZ-4 l candidates, m. T in ZZ-2 l 2 v candidates PLB 736 (2014) 64 CMS GH < 22 Me. V at 95%CL (5. 4 XSM) ATLAS GH < 20 -32 Me. V at 95%CL (4. 8 -7. 7 XSM) Depending on gg ZZ, gg H* K-factor ratio ATLAS-CONF-2014 -042

5. Beyond the Higgs boson 1. Rare and exotic decay 2. One good Higgs deserves another 3. The quest for pair production 49

50 Rare and Exotic: H Z g • One-loop decay probing couplings complementary to H gg. BF ~0. 1% PLB 726 (2013) 587 PLB 732 C (2014) 8 • Dilepton+photon (and VBF dijet-tagged) events selected ~15 events expected/exp • Highest resolution photons give usable S/B

51 Rare and Exotic: H Z g PLB 726 (2013) 587 PLB 732 C (2014) 8 • Run 1 limit sensitivity in the 5 -20 X range/expt. No evidence ~10 X SM limit observed/expt.

52 Rare and Exotic: H mm, ee Rare decay, BR=2. 2 X 10 -4 probing large range of Higgs Yukawa couplings • Large DY background (ATLAS: 20 k DY vs. 40 signal @MH = 125) • • • ar. Xiv: 1406. 7663 CMS-PAS-HIG-13 -007 Highest lepton resolution, highest dilepton PT, and VBF categories give best S/B ~7 X SM limit/expt observed, similar s. BR limit for dielectrons

Rare and Exotic: H invisible EPJC 74 (2014) 2980 PRL 112, 201802 (2014) • Invisibly decaying (e. g. to DM) Higgs detectable via recoil against Z or VBF-dijets • VBF analysis: select Mjj > 1100 Ge. V and MET > 130 Ge. V, count excess over data-driven background • Z(ll) analysis: select MET>90 Ge. V back-to-back with Z, jet vetos. Fit MET distribution w/constraints. 53

Rare and Exotic: H invisible EPJC 74 (2014) 2980 PRL 112, 201802 (2014) • • “BF” upper limit of 0. 65 (0. 75) at 95%CL from VBF (ZH) production. Combined CMS limit < 0. 51 World-class DM coupling upper limits in the Higgs portal scenario for M(DM) up to 60 Ge. V 54

Another Higgs: H WW • Both expt’s have sought a narrow or SM-width resonance at high mass in the WW channel • Dileptonic channel: em + 0, 1, and 2 jet events selected • Semileptonic channel: e/m + MET + dijet/W-tagged jet + 0, 1 jet events selected. MH can be reconstructed. • Both channels exclude SM -like rate out to MH of 600 Ge. V • Semileptonic + W-tagged jet probes 600 -1000 Ge. V range CMS-PAS-HIG-13 -008 ATLAS-CONF-2013 -067 55

56 Another Higgs: H ZZ CMS-PAS-HIG-13 -014 • Both expt’s have sought a narrow or SM-width resonance at high mass in the ZZ channel • 4 l, 2 l 2 v, 2 l 2 j channels analyzed: 0, 1, 2 jet and events selected • 2 l 2 v channel most sensitive at highest masses, cutting on MET and MT • SM-like rate out to MH of 1000 Ge. V excluded • Can also be interpreted as limit on mixed electroweak singlet model ATLAS-CONF-2013 -013

57 Another Higgs: H gg arxiv: 1407. 6583 CMS-PAS-HIG-14 -006 • Interesting 2 HDM window for heavy Higgs to gg below tt threshold • Resonance scan from 65850 Ge. V yields no significant signal • s. BR limits presented as a function of mass and width

Di-Higgs Searches: H bb, H gg • Exploring resonant (and non-resonant) di-Higgs production in high-BR and/or high resolution channels • Exploit narrow peak in gg and 4 -body mass • Interesting resonant model sensitivity out to 400 Ge. V CMS-PAS-HIG-13 -032 arxiv: 1406. 5053 58

Di-Higgs Searches: H bb, H bb • Multijet+b-tag triggers can capture 4 b-jet candidates • Data-driven procedure for estimating mutijet and top background • No evidence seen up to a Te. V in mass ATLAS-CONF-2014 -005 CMS-PAS-HIG-14 -013 59

Di-Higgs Searches: H bb, H bb • Above 400 Ge. V , sensitivity superior to bbgg • Spin-2 RS Gravitons excluded out to 700 Ge. V • Spin-0 WED radions excluded out to 1 Te. V ATLAS-CONF-2014 -005 CMS-PAS-HIG-14 -013 60

Some notable omissions Flavor physics Soft QCD/ridge correlations/double parton scattering Quarkonia production Higgs differential cross sections Top differential cross sections, spin correlations Boosted W/Z/top reconstruction Precision Z PT studies, W/Z+heavy flavor, W asymmetry Inclusive photon, photon+jet, and diphoton differential cross sections $YOUR_FAVORITE_SM_MEASUREMENT 61

Experimental SM milestones of LHC Run 1 1. Terascale production of jets, vector bosons, and tops 2. Uncovered novel production mechanisms: VBS WW, VBF Z, t. W, tt. V 3. Testing beyond NLO QCD: NLO+PS, NNLO, NLO EWK 4. Observation of a Higgs boson at 125 Ge. V in multiple channels at SM-like rates 5. Start of a search program for BSM Higgs phenomena 62