BSM Perspectives after the Higgs Discovery Marcela Carena

BSM Perspectives after the Higgs Discovery Marcela Carena Fermilab and U. of Chicago Les Rencontres de Physique de la Valle d’Aoste: Results and Perspectives in Particle Physics February 28, 2014

A new type of particle, a new type of interaction has been discovered § Is it THE STANDARD MODEL HIGGS ? § Or does it have non-SM properties? u Could be a mixture from more than one Higgs Field u Could be a mixture of CP even and CP odd Could be a composite particle u Could be partly a singlet or a triplet instead of an SU(2) doublet u Could have enhanced/suppressed coupling to photons or gluons if there are exotic heavy charged or colored particles u Could decay to exotic particles, e. g. dark matter u May not couple to matter particles proportional to their masses u it can still be the scalar boson responsible for EWSB

Should we expect New Physics beyond the Higgs at all? • The Higgs restores the calculability power of the SM Loops are finite • The Higgs is special : it is a scalar Scalar masses are not protected by gauge symmetries: At quantum level scalar masses have quadratic sensitivity to UV physics Although the SM with the Higgs is a consistent theory, light scalars like the Higgs cannot survive in the presence of heavy states at GUT/String/Planck scales Fine tuning Naturalness problem

Two possible Solutions: Supersymmetry: a fermion-boson symmetry The Higgs remains elementary but its mass is protected by the new fermion-boson symmetry SUSY Composite Higgs Models: The Higgs is a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson arising from the spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry by some underlying strong dynamics The Higgs does not exist above a certain scale, at which new strong dynamics takes place Both options imply changes in the Higgs phenomenology and New particles that may be seen at the LHC

SUSY and Naturalness § For SUSY to solve the Higgs Naturalness Problem, the superpartners should not be too much heavier than the electroweak scale § This is especially so for Higgsinos, stops, and gluinos < 1. 5 Te. V < 700 Ge. V < 400 Ge. V ATLAS and CMS are aggressively pursuing the direct signatures of naturalness Papucci, Rudermann, Weiler ‘ 11 § SUSY may be hiding due to degraded missing energy signatures Compressed spectra: long decay chains soften the spectrum of observed particles from SUSY decays: R parity violation with no stable LSP

What does a 125 Ge. V Higgs tell us? Theorists should be humble At the edge of Stability MSSM SM valid up to MPlanck SUSY extensions Composite Higgs

What does a 125 Ge. V Higgs implies in SUSY? SUSY implies multiple Higgs bosons, differing in their masses and other properties Minimal Higgs Sector: Two SU(2) doublets Hd and Hu (type II 2 HDM) required by SUSY/gauge invariance and to secure anomaly cancellations One doublet is the SM one: HSM= Hod cosβ + Hou sinβ tanβ = vu / vd And the orthogonal combination involves the CP-even, CP-odd and charged Non-SM Higgs Strictly speaking, the CP-even modes mix and none behaves like the SM one h = - sinα H od + cosα H ou H = cosα H od + sinα H ou In the alignment limit sin α = − cos β and one recovers the SM as an ET

SM-like Higgs boson mass in the Minimal SUSY SM extension

Soft supersymmetry Breaking Parameters in the MSSM Large mixing in the stop sector At > 1 Te. V [Unless stop very heavy (5 -10 Te. V)] MQ=MU Ge. V in the case of similar stop soft masses both stops should be > 700 Ge. V Hall, Pinner, Ruderman’ 11 Large mixing also constrains SUSY breaking model building Similar results from Arbey, Battaglia, Djouadi, Mahmoudi, Quevillon; Draper Meade, Reece, Shih Heinemeyer, Stal, Weiglein’ 11; Ellwanger’ 11; Shirman et al.

Soft supersymmetry Breaking Parameters in the MSSM Large mixing in the stop sector At > 1 Te. V [Unless stop very heavy (5 -10 Te. V)] MQ=MU Ge. V One stop can be light and the other heavy or in the case of similar stop soft masses both stops should be > 700 Ge. V Direct Stop searches at LHC are probing these mass regime M. C. , S. Gori, N. Shah, C. Wagner ’ 11 +L. T. Wang ‘ 12 Large mixing also constrains SUSY breaking model building Similar results from Arbey, Battaglia, Djouadi, Mahmoudi, Quevillon; Draper Meade, Reece, Shih Heinemeyer, Stal, Weiglein’ 11; Ellwanger’ 11; Shirman et al.

Singlet extensions of the MSSM : a solution to the μ problem Superpotential λs S Hu. Hd μeff = λs <S> Main one-loop level contributions common with the MSSM m. H 1 =125 Ge. V Hall, Pinner, Ruderman’ 11 3 CP even Hi , mostly 2 CP odd Ai and one charged Higgs Naturally light, singlet dominated H 1 or A 1 and singlino dominated neutralino

What do the Higgs Production and Decay rates tell us? Many different pieces of information: Different patterns of deviations from SM couplings if: • New light charged or colored particles in loop-induced processes • Modification of tree level couplings due to mixing effects • Decays to new or invisible particles crucial info on NP from Higgs precision measurements

Loop induced Couplings of the Higgs to Gauge Boson Pairs Low energy effective theorems relate a heavy particle contribution to the loop induced Higgs couplings to gauge bosons, to that particle contribution to the two point function of the gauge bosons Ellis, Gaillard, Nanopoulos’ 76, Shifman, Vainshtein, Voloshin, Zakharov’ 79, Kniehl and Spira ’ 95 M. C, I. Low, Wagner ‘ 12 Similarly for the Higgs-gluon coupling Hence, W (gauge bosons) contribute negatively to Hγγ, while top quarks (matter particles) contribute positively to Hgg and Hγγ • New chiral fermions will enhance Hgg and suppress hγγ • To reverse this behavior matter particles need to have negative values for For a study considering CP violating effects and connection with EDM’s and MDM’s see Voloshin’ 12; Altmannshofer, Bauer, MC’ 13

Possible departures in the production and decay rates at the LHC in SUSY § Through SUSY particle effects in loop induced processes If a particle’s mass is proportional to the Higgs VEV, contributes with the same sign of the top loop. But mixing can alter the sign.

Gluon Fusion in the MSSM ‘ 13 In the NMSSM: Trade stop mixing for sizeable Higgs-singlet mixing More freedom in gluon fusion

Higgs Decay in the di-photon channel in the MSSM Charged scalar particles with no color charge can modify the di-photon rate without modifying the gluon production process - μ tanβ In singlet extensions: small tan beta needed for mh~125 Ge. V, hence no stau effects but possible chargino effects

§ Through enhancement/suppression of the Hbb and Hττ coupling strength via mixing in the scalar boson sector : This affects in similar manner BR’s into all other particles MSSM: Additional modifications of the Higgs rates into gauge bosons 
 via stau induced mixing effects in the Higgs sector Few percent variations in BR [h bb] induce significant variations in the other Higgs BR’s M. CMC, Gori, Shah, Wagner, ’ 11 + Wang’ 12 NMSSM : Wide range of WW/ZZ and γγ rates due to Higgs-singlet mixing ( λS) §Through vertex corrections to Yukawa couplings: for bottoms and taus This destroys the SM relation BR(h bb) /BR(h ττ) ~ mb 2/mτ2

MSSM Couplings of the SM-like Higgs to Fermions and Gauge Bosons Down-type Fermions: Up-type Fermions : Gauge Bosons: Large m. A (> 200 Ge. V) and large tanβ (>5)

Alignment and additional Higgs boson spectrum sinα = - cosβ h has SM like properties Decoupling: Large CP odd Mass (MA > 500 Ge. V) Alignment independent of the CP odd mass value for intermediate (MSSM) and small (NMSSM) tanβ Haber, Gunion ‘ 03 MC, Low, Shah, Wagner ‘ 13 Is it more important to measure Higgs couplings with the highest precision possible Or Find new ways of searching for additional Higgs states?

Variation of the down fermion couplings in the MSSM MC, Low, Shah, Wagner ‘ 13 A/Η ττ No alignment for small μ Strong lower bounds on m. A from SM bounds on departures from ghdd/ghdd due to BR(h WW/ZZ) measurements Alignment for large μ and tanβ ~O(10) A/Η ττ Weaker lower bounds on m. A, with strong tanβ dependence ε=Δb/tanβ Additional A/H decay modes : A/H χ χ restricted due to large μ Η hh ~ 0, A Zh ~0 A/H tt and bb, ττ (large tanβ) remain open

Searches for non-Standard Higgs bosons at LHC • Enhanced couplings to bottom quarks and tau-leptons QCD Production: S. Dawson, C. B. Jackson, L. Reina, D. Wackeroth Strong dependence on the SUSY parameters in the bb channel. Robust predictions in the tau-tau channel Excellent LHC coverage in the di-tau inclusive channel M. C, Heinemeyer, Weiglein, Wagner

Benchmark Scenarios for the Search of MSSM Higgs Boson With 125. 5 Ge. V signal interpreted as h (H possibility excluded by H+- searches) M. C. , Heinemeyer, Stal, Wagner, Weiglein ’ 13 mhmax scenario Lower bound on tanβ, MA and MH+ (slightly relaxed if MSUSY ~ 2 Te. V) A/Η ττ mhmod scenario Moderate stop mixing: large region in tanβ-m. A plane compatible with Higgs signal A/Η ττ Green region favored by LHC observation

Decay of Non Standard MSSM Higgs Bosons in electroweakinos mhmod scenario effect of A/H suppressed decays into charginos and neutralinos Reach of non-standard Higgs bosons in tau decays modified. Opportunity to search for these new decays Also H hh relevant at low tanβ M. C. , Heinemeyer, Stal, Wagner, Weiglein ’ 13

The power of the dark side Holds the Universe together and makes 85% of all the matter in it! Astrophysics and Cosmology taught us - Not atoms (non-baryonic) - moves slow (cold dark matter) WIMP Dark Matter ? MDM ~ 100 – 1000 Ge. V Gravity Interacts very weakly (not charged) Higgs-like Interactions?

SUSY and the WIMP “Miracle” • If the LSP is the lightest neutralino it will behave as WIMP dark matter • In the MSSM the lightest neutralino is generically a mixture of the Bino, Wino, and the two Higgsinos • If you are more ambitious, can try to require that the LSP is a thermal relic with the correct abundance to explain all of dark matter

SUSY and the WIMP “Miracle” Bino-Higgsino mixture, closest case to the WIMP Miracle Bino-like that can annihilate through the h or Z “funnels” Pure Bino needs co-annihilation with other quasi-degenerate superpartners Higgsino, ~ 1. 5 Te. V Wino, ~ 3 Te. V Hooper et al. ‘ 13

Are the SUSY neutralinos hiding from DM direct detection? Mixed Wino-Higssino or Bino-Higgsino can have suppressed couplings with the Higgs by tuning M 2 (M 1), tan β and μ

Pure states • Pure Winos, Binos, or Higgsinos have no tree level coupling to the Higgs bosons so SI cross section is suppressed Hill, Solon’ 14 • Pure Winos, if we also require correct thermal relic abundance, ruled out by Hess gamma ray line bounds Cohen, Lisanti, Pierce, Slatyer ‘ 13 Fermi Hess

Pure states • Almost pure Higgsinos with mass ~ 1 Te. V have very suppressed SI cross sections and are not ruled out (yet) by indirect detection constraints Hisano et al ‘ 13 • Pure Binos with lighter masses can also have very suppressed SI cross sections, but correct thermal relic abundance requires staus, stops, or charginos at LHC

Composite Higgs Models The Higgs as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone Bosons (p. NGB) Inspired by pions in QCD with 2 flavors: global symmetry SU(2)L x SU(2)R/ SU(2)V. π+- π0 are Goldstones associated to spontaneous breaking Higgs is light because is the p. NGB -- a kind of pion – of a new strong sector Mass protected by the global symmetries π π+α δ Georgi, Kaplan’ 84; Agashe et al ‘ 03

Composite Higgs Models Light Higgs since its mass arises from one loop Higgs mass protected by global symmetry Mass generated at one loop: explicit breaking of global symmetry due to SM couplings W, Z no EWSB top and bottom EWSB V(h) depends on the chosen global symmetry AND on the fermion embedding Higgs mass challenging to compute due to strong dynamics behavior

Composite Higgs Models Choosing the global symmetry SO(5) ×U(1) smallest group: ⊃ GEWSM & cust. sym. & H = p. NGB Pattern of Symmetry breaking Effective description: 2 site model elementary/composite Contino et al. ; Redi et al. ; de Curtis et al. Each chiral SM-fermion → vector-like cp-fermion Local symmetry GSM massless fermions Spontaneous breaking parametrized by Φcp No elementary Higgs Composite-sector characterized by a coupling gcp ≫ g. SM and scale f ~ Te. V with a mass scale Mcp ∼gcp f 4 p. NGB, Higgs field, associated to the 4 broken generators non-linear σ-model field Ω connecting sites and providing mixing between elementary and composite fermions After EWSB:

Composite Higgs Models • Higgs couplings to W/Z determine by the gauge groups involved • i. e. MCHMX SO(5)/SO(4) • Higgs couplings to SM fermions depend on fermion embedding X We consider many different SO(5) fermion embeddings Random scan over models With EWSB requirement Models in 14 representation tend to give too large mh M. C. , Da Rold, Ponton ‘ 14

HIGGS PHENOMENOLGY: Main effects due to SM fermions and gauge bosons mixing with composite fermion and gauge boson sectors, respectively Minimal effects from heavy/strong resonance effects in the loops Generic features: Higgs to bb and tt suppression Suppression of HVV coupling ~ F 2(ε)

HIGGS PHENOMENOLGY: Main effects due to SM fermions and gauge bosons mixing with composite fermion and gauge boson sectors, respectively Minimal effects from heavy/strong resonance effects in the loops Generic features: Higgs gluon fusion suppression Enhancement or suppression of branching ratios

Minimal Composite Higgs models confronting data Effects from New colored and em charged fermions in the loops (small) Mixing between new fermions and SM fermions Mixing between new gauge bosons and SM ones M. C. , Da Rold, Ponton, to appear

Composite Higgs Models at the LHC

Revolutionary advances in our understanding of the Universe are driven by powerful ideas and powerful instruments BEH-GHK Mechanism LHC What’s Next? The existence of Dark Matter and the Matter-Antimatter Imbalance implies new physics which may be accessible to experiments in this decade The Higgs boson may play a key role in understanding both mysteries of matter

EXTRAS

The mixing angle α and Alignment (Decoupling) CP-even scalar squared mass matrix 2 sinα= - cosβ Alignment Conditions independent of m. A: Haber, Gunion ‘ 03 MC, Low, Shah, Wagner ‘ 13 Valid for any 2 HDM

Alignment Conditions • If fullfilled, also the right Higgs mass can be obtained: § Case of vanishing λ 6 and λ 7 or conditions simplify, tanβ of O(1) and -- Not achievable in the MSSM, where (small values of μ) -- Possible in the NMSSM: due to tree level contributions from λS, after integration of the singlet § Case of non-zero λ 6, 7 (<< 1) tanβ cubic equations with natural solutions (indep. of specific values of λi’s) for tanβ~ O(10) achievable in the MSSM for sizeable μ

Considering the eigenvalue equation: Condition independent of the CP-odd Higgs mass.

Variation of the down fermion couplings in the NMSSM S Alignment for small tanβ (If λS 0. 5 or smaller alignment for tanβ infinity) Suppressions of down couplings become stronger for larger values of λS and lower CP-odd Higgs masses enhancement of the di-photon and V V BR’s Hall et al’ 11, Ellwanger et al ’ll; Hao et al’ 12, Gunion et al’ 12