Hypersensitivity and Allergy Hypersensitivity and Allergy n Hypersensitivity

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Hypersensitivity and Allergy.

Hypersensitivity and Allergy.

Hypersensitivity and Allergy. n Hypersensitivity can be defined as an abnormal state of immune

Hypersensitivity and Allergy. n Hypersensitivity can be defined as an abnormal state of immune reactivity that has deleterious effects for the host. n The term “allergy” is often used to designate a pathological condition resulting from hypersensitivity, particularly when the symptoms occur shortly after exposure.

Overview of Type I Hypersensitivity

Overview of Type I Hypersensitivity

Cytotoxic Reactions (Type II Hypersensitivity) In its most common forms, this second type of

Cytotoxic Reactions (Type II Hypersensitivity) In its most common forms, this second type of hypersensitivity involves complement-fixing antibodies (Ig. M or Ig. G) directed against cellular or tissue antigens.

Immune Complex-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions (Type III Hypersensitivity) In the course of acute or chronic

Immune Complex-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions (Type III Hypersensitivity) In the course of acute or chronic infections, or as a consequence of the production of autoantibodies, antigen-antibody complexes (also known as immune complexes) are likely to be formed in circulation or in tissues to which the pertinent microbial or self-antigens have been adsorbed. Both scenarios can lead to inflammatory changes that are characteristic of the so-called immune complex diseases.

Delayed (Type IV) Hypersensitivity Reactions In contrast to the other types of hypersensitivity reactions

Delayed (Type IV) Hypersensitivity Reactions In contrast to the other types of hypersensitivity reactions discussed above, type IV or delayed hypersensitivity is a manifestation of cell-mediated immunity. In other words, this type of hypersensitivity reaction is due to the activation of specifically sensitized T lymphocytes rather than to an antigenantibody reaction.

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