AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK What is the AKDN

AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK

What is the AKDN? The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) is a group of international, private, non-denominational development agencies and institutions that seek to empower communities and individuals, usually in disadvantaged circumstances, to improve living conditions and opportunities.

“There are those who enter the world in such poverty that they are deprived of both the means and the motivation to improve their lot. Unless they can be touched with the spark which ignites the spirit of individual enterprise and determination, they will only sink into apathy, degradation and despair. It is for us, who are more fortunate, to provide that spark. ” His Highness the Aga Khan

About the AKDN’s Founder • His Highness the Aga Khan is the 49 th hereditary Imam of the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims and a direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him); • He has emphasised the view of Islam as a thinking, spiritual faith, one that teaches compassion and tolerance and that upholds the dignity of man, Allah's noblest creation; • In recent generations, the Aga Khan’s family has followed a tradition of international service; • Over the years the Aga Khan has received numerous decorations, honorary degrees, and awards in recognition of the various dimensions of his work Stone Town Zanzibar, Tanzania

Core Theme: Education Pre-Primary and Secondary Higher Education • Early childhood care • Develops and operates • Institute for • and education Educational • Primary and secondary schools • programmes Development in rural and urban areas • • Masters • Manages pre • Centre of Excellence schools programme schools • School Improvement Programmes • In-service • Human (public, private, community) teacher training Development • Professional Development Centres • Humanities Programme • International Academic Partnership Programme Madrasa programme Kampala, Uganda Sultan Mohammed Shah School Karachi, Pakistan Cross Cutting Policy reform Action research Curriculum development AKU-Institute for Educational Development

Health Primary Care Service delivery • Community health care • Develops and operates programmes • Basic health care • Builds village-level centres in rural areas capacity (CHNs • Secondary health care TBAs, LHVs) facilities • Immunisation • Diagnostic centres • Health promotion • Maternity homes • Mobilisation • Referral hospitals • Health education Lady Health Visitor Kwale, Kenya Aga Khan Hospital Higher Education • Medical education • Nursing education Cross Cutting • Health sector reform • Technical assistance to • In-service government systems • Public health training • Infectious diseases programmes • Pre-service AKU-Faculty of Health Sciences

Rural Development Rural savings and credit Northern Areas, Pakistan Check-dam construction Gujarat, India Bridge and irrigation channel construction Tajikistan Farming practices Kwale, Kenya Agricultural inputs North Coast, Mozambique Social mobilisation Chitral, Pakistan

Housing Construction of Professional Development Centre, Gilgit, Pakistan Water supply Gujarat, India Sanitation Zanzibar, Tanzania

NGO Enhancement Macro Enabling Environment Initiative Building a knowledge base on civil society Indigenous Philanthropy Micro Development management education and leadership development Strengthening civil society organisations Developing professional associations and networks

Economic Development Zanzibar Serena Inn Zanzibar, Tanzania Fastoplast SA Burkina Faso Financial Services Development Credit Bank, India Frigoken Kenya Azito Energie Côte d’Ivore Enterprise Support Facility Khorog, Tajikistan

Architecture Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Geoffrey Bawa, Sri Lanka Recipient of the Chairman’s Award, 2001 Aga Khan Award for Architecture, 8 th Cycle Arch. Net. org Publication Aga Khan Trust for Culture Historic Cities Support Programme Karimabad and Balit Project, Hunza, Pakistan Aga Khan Award for Architecture Ceremony Egypt

Culture Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia Silk Road Project with Yo-Yo Ma Smithsonian Folklife Festival 2002 Aga Khan Museum (under development) Toronto, Canada Institute for Studies in Muslim Civilisations London, UK

Pluralism “My conviction is that the strengthening of institutions supporting pluralism is as critical for the welfare and progress of human society as are poverty alleviation and conflict prevention. In fact all three are intimately related. . The inability of human society to recognise pluralism as a fundamental value constitutes a real handicap for its development and a serious danger for our future. ” His Highness the Aga Khan

AKDN’s Geographic Presence: 31 Countries in 6 Regions Central Asia • Afghanistan • Kazakhstan • Kyrgyz Republic • Tajikistan Europe and North America • Bosnia-Herzegovina • Canada • France • Portugal • Russian Federation • Spain • Switzerland • United Kingdom • United States of America Middle East • Egypt • Iran • Syria West Africa • Burkina Faso • Congo • Côte d’Ivoire • Mali • Niger • Senegal Eastern Africa • Kenya • Madagascar • Mauritius • Mozambique • Tanzania • Uganda South Asia • Bangladesh • India • Pakistan

AKDN’s Organisational Structure: Foundations THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Foundation Aga Khan University Culture University of Central Asia Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

AGA KHAN FOUNDATION • Seeks to develop and promote creative solutions to problems that impede social development, primarily in Asia and Eastern Africa; • Focuses on rural development, education, health and enhancement of non-governmental organisations; and • Has interest in cross-cutting issues of gender and human resource development. • Founded in 1967. Has branches and independent affiliates in 14 countries. Village Organisation Sost, Northern Areas, Pakistan

AGA KHAN TRUST FOR CULTURE • Focuses on culture as a means to enhance the physical, social and economic revitalisation of communities in the Islamic world; and • Aims to recognise excellence in architecture, conservation and creative re-use of historic buildings and public spaces and strengthen education of architectural practice. • In addition to the Aga Khan Award for Architecture and the Museum Unit, conducts the Historic Cities Support Programme and Education and Culture Programme. Al-Azhar Park Project and Conservation and Rehabilitation of Darb al-Ahzar, Cairo, Egypt

Universities THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Foundation Culture Aga Khan University of University Central Asia Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY • Aims to promote human welfare by disseminating knowledge and by providing instruction, training, research and services; • Comprises the Faculty of Health Sciences (Medical College, School of Nursing, University Hospital), Institute for Educational Development, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations. Under development are the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Institute for Human Development; • Maintains relationships with leading international universities; and • Has campuses in Pakistan, East Africa and UK. Established in 1983. Has over 3, 500 alumni. Faculty of Health Sciences campus Karachi, Pakistan

UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL ASIA • World’s first university dedicated to education and research in mountain regions and societies; • Founded by treaty between Tajikistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan and Ismaili Imamat • Located on three campuses Khorog, Tajikistan; Tekeli, Kazakhstan; and Naryn, Kyrgyz Republic; • Will offer programmes in Mountain Development, Liberal Arts and Continuing Education and Training; and • Will use state-of the-art distance learning technology and English as medium of instruction. Campus location Khorog, Tajikistan

Private, not-for-profit social service delivery agencies THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Foundation Aga Khan University Culture University of Central Asia Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

Aga Khan Education Services • Operates over 300 schools across Eastern Africa, South and Central Asia, from preschool to higher secondary levels. • Enrols 55, 000 students and employs 3, 500 staff; • Aims to diminish the many obstacles to educational access, quality and achievement; and • Emphasis on excellence in educational practice and management, child-centred learning, female education, ethics and school-based teacher training. Aga Khan School Karachi, Pakistan

Aga Khan Health Services • Operates 320 medical facilities in Eastern Africa, South and Central Asia, comprising primary health care centres in rural areas, dispensaries, diagnostic centres, maternity homes and referral hospitals; • Provides technical support in the management of government health systems; and • Cares for 1 million people annually and employs 3, 900 staff. • Major initiatives include assisting communities in manage their health, providing care in modern, efficient and cost-effective facilities and educating health professionals. Aga Khan Hospital Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Aga Khan Planning and Building Services • Improves the built environment through design and construction, village planning, natural hazard mitigation, environmental sanitation and improved water supply systems; • Provides material and technical assistance and construction management services for rural and urban areas; and • Develops appropriate, low-cost ‘technologies’ for the built environment. Water and Sanitation activities Sangodra, India

For-profit venture capital development agency THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Foundation Aga Khan University Culture University of Central Asia Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development • Strengthens the private sector in developing countries by promoting entrepreneurial activity and supporting private sector initiatives; • Catalyses investment in developing or transitional economies; • Constructs or rehabilitates infrastructure and builds economically viable enterprises; • Operates over 100 companies in the hotel, banking, insurance, microfinance, property development, telecommunications, agroprocessing, power, printing and textile industries; and • Employs over 15, 000 staff. Sewing factory Enterprise Support Facility Khorog, Tajikistan

Defining characteristics: Grounded in Ethics Inclusiveness Education and Research Governance Compassion and Sharing Sustainable environment Sound mind Self-reliance Respect for life and healthcare

Works in difficult, often marginalised places Post-conflict Afghanistan Resource-poor Syria Harsh climate and terrain Tajikistan

Takes a long-term perspective • Engages for the long term to ensure sustainability - in some areas for over 30 years; 1989 • Moves communities from poverty to selfreliance; • Has its own funding sources, reducing the impact of ‘peaks and valleys’ in donor funding; and 1990 • Builds lasting institutions. 1999 Rural development Gujarat, India

Protocols • Has agreements and protocols with over 20 countries and international bodies; • Provides AKDN with • Fiscal privileges • Ability to bring in world-class expertise • Sustained relationships with host governments; and • Demonstrates AKDN’s long-term commitment. His Highness with President Karzai, 2002 Afghanistan

Area development approach EXAMPLE: Northern Pakistan AKFED: Micro-credit AKES: Sultanabad school AKPBS: Water supply AKF: Agriculture AKU: PDC Gilgit AKHS: Lady Health Visitor AKTC: Ganesh restoration

“Development is sustainable only if the beneficiaries become, in a gradual manner, the masters of the process. This means that initiatives cannot be contemplated exclusively in economic terms, but rather as an integrated programme that encompasses social and cultural dimensions” His Highness the Aga Khan

Broad range of capabilities • Privileged relationships with a broad range of partners • • • Governments – policy dialogue Donor agencies – funding and expertise Technical experts – world-leading expertise Field-level NGOs – operational experience Communities – ownership; • Scale (all numbers are for 2002) • Annual expenditure: US $825 million • Not-for-profit expenditure: US $235 million • Number of employees: 28, 200; EUPEK School Improvement Programme Kampala, Uganda • Developed deep expertise in specific fields • For example in high-mountain and coastal area development; • Efficiency and effectiveness • Innovation • Systematic, cross-sector and cross-geography learning • Relentless focus on quality, evaluation and impact assessment; and • Can draw on a diverse set of institutions - to tackle a range of development challenges.

Grounded in a constituency • Draws from the presence, locally and globally of the Ismaili community: • Extensive voluntary support • Leadership and governance • Institutional infrastructure • Local knowledge and access • Financial support. Partnership Walk Houston, USA

Key drivers • Field-driven • Over 99 percent of AKDN’s staff is in the field; • Community-based • Mobilises and engages communities to identify, prioritise and implement development projects; • Creates opportunities and not dependence • Provides an environment as well as support, for communities to take control of their development; and • Facilitates a slip-stream of investment • Pioneers development models that others can use • Invests seed ‘development’ capital that is leveraged by other investments • Leads work in ‘hard-to-reach’ areas, allowing others to join in the development process. Community group constructing pre-school facility Zanzibar, Tanzania

Impact: Improved economic indicators… 1987 “While the AKRSP (Aga Khan Rural Support Programme) is at the top end of a range of global and local comparators for operating costs per household, the estimated economic rate of return of at least 16 percent – probably closer to 25 to 30 percent if all benefits could be quantified and attributed – suggests the investment choices have been sound and the program has been highly efficient” 2000 World Bank Operations and Evaluation Department, 2002 AKRSP programme area Passu, Northern Areas, Pakistan

…and social indicators Health case study: Gujarat Health Systems Development Programme Indicator Immunisation Post-natal check-up Antenatal registration Incidence of anemia 1998 49% 13% 36% 46% 2002 74% 57% 70% 21% Community health centre Gujarat, India

Built local capacity and infrastructure • Strengthens local capacity through training, staff development, and replacing expatriate staff with locals; • Strengthens existing and builds new local institutions; • Enhances government capacity; and • Creates infrastructure, for example: • Schools and hospitals • Banks • Roads, bridges and dams • Power plants. Bridge linking Afghanistan and Tajikistan, 2002 Shugnan, Badakshan

Policy reform • Education – contributed to setting national policies and curricula in early childhood education, in Pakistan and East Africa • Health – reformed the pharmaceutical regime in Gorno-Badakshan, Tajikistan • NGO Enhancement – enacted legislation for private sector tax incentives, to enhance social sector giving – Pakistan, Kenya and Tanzania • Rural development – policy changes in forestry and irrigation to enable sustainable development – India Health sector Gorno-Badakshan, Tajikistan

Setting new standards Nursing profession in Pakistan AKU-School of Nursing Setting standards in corporate citizenship, quality service and progressive employment practices. Nairobi Serena Hotel Centre of Excellence school Mombasa, Kenya

“Poverty is a problem whose import is ignored at great peril. Perhaps, the greatest lesson of the tragedy of conflict that has recently engulfed this region is the need to attack its true roots. These lie not in religion or in corruption, but rather in deprivation, poverty, exclusion and lack of opportunity – and therefore hope. . We firmly believe that the disadvantaged amongst us must be able to build a sound and secure future with dignity and pride – and not merely to survive. ” His Highness the Aga Khan