The self Developing a sense of self over

  • Slides: 25
Download presentation
The self • • Developing a sense of self over time By interactions with

The self • • Developing a sense of self over time By interactions with others With whom? Similar or dissimilar Sense of being different, deviant

Social comparison • How you compare to others • Where you stand

Social comparison • How you compare to others • Where you stand

False consensus exaggerate similarity • • Support our opinions Reinforce our behavior Protect self-esteem

False consensus exaggerate similarity • • Support our opinions Reinforce our behavior Protect self-esteem Avoid feeling deviant – But….

Negative effects • Avoid changing when appropriate • Maintains false beliefs • Maintains harmful

Negative effects • Avoid changing when appropriate • Maintains false beliefs • Maintains harmful behavior

Self-awareness • • Makes values more prominent Highlights deviations from ideals Makes behave closer

Self-awareness • • Makes values more prominent Highlights deviations from ideals Makes behave closer to ideals Makes self-conscious

Attribution of success and failure • Take credit for success • Give credit for

Attribution of success and failure • Take credit for success • Give credit for failure • Protect and enhance self-esteem

Overjustification • Reward for doing what you like • May reduce liking • Why?

Overjustification • Reward for doing what you like • May reduce liking • Why?

explanations • Self-perception • Competition • Inferences

explanations • Self-perception • Competition • Inferences

Self-perception theory • Daryl Bem • Base knowledge of self on how we act

Self-perception theory • Daryl Bem • Base knowledge of self on how we act • Probably very limited

Self-perception theory • • • Daryl Bem Look at what we do and situation

Self-perception theory • • • Daryl Bem Look at what we do and situation Decide what we feel Probably not very useful but For overjustification…. I was paid so I probably don’t like it much

Competition • • • I just loved playing the game Or painting or playing

Competition • • • I just loved playing the game Or painting or playing the violin Now they pay me if I do well Not so much fun any more So non-contingent awards may be OK

Inference • • • We infer other’s beliefs if there is high security, must

Inference • • • We infer other’s beliefs if there is high security, must be valuable If left out, probably not valuable If they bribe me to eat it, probably awful If they pay be to do it. Probably not so good

Emotions: two-factor theory • Schachter • Ambiguous feelings plus context

Emotions: two-factor theory • Schachter • Ambiguous feelings plus context

Learned helplessness • Non-contingent failure • Why bother? • Generalizes to other situation!

Learned helplessness • Non-contingent failure • Why bother? • Generalizes to other situation!

Locus of control • Internal – strong, confident, high self-esteem • External – weak,

Locus of control • Internal – strong, confident, high self-esteem • External – weak, not confident, low self-esteem But…

Limitations • Do not always want control • Some prefer not to have control

Limitations • Do not always want control • Some prefer not to have control • Choice not always preferable

Behavior affects attitudes • Cognitive dissonance theory – Leon Festinger

Behavior affects attitudes • Cognitive dissonance theory – Leon Festinger

The theory • Two cognitions that are inconsistent with each other • produces dissonance

The theory • Two cognitions that are inconsistent with each other • produces dissonance

• Dissonance is uncomfortable • people try to reduce it

• Dissonance is uncomfortable • people try to reduce it

dissonance • Not just any inconsistency • not whenever expectations are wrong • not

dissonance • Not just any inconsistency • not whenever expectations are wrong • not whenever hopes aren’t satisfied

When? • Refers to the self • behavior and attitudes • act inconsistent with

When? • Refers to the self • behavior and attitudes • act inconsistent with beliefs

justification • Sufficient reduces dissonance • insufficient produces dissonance

justification • Sufficient reduces dissonance • insufficient produces dissonance

Reduce dissonance by • distorting behavior • distorting justification • but the easiest is

Reduce dissonance by • distorting behavior • distorting justification • but the easiest is usually • Changing attitude

Effect of dissonance on attitude change

Effect of dissonance on attitude change

Other explanations • Impression management – No - not real change Self-perception unlikely

Other explanations • Impression management – No - not real change Self-perception unlikely

THE SENSE ORGANS Sense Organ A Sense OrganTHE SENSE ORGANS Sense Organ A Sense Organ
Riquesa sense treball Plaer sense conscincia Cincia senseRiquesa sense treball Plaer sense conscincia Cincia sense
Sense Organs Sense Organs Sense organs contain aSense Organs Sense Organs Sense organs contain a
A SENSE OF SELF DEFINING A SENSE OFA SENSE OF SELF DEFINING A SENSE OF
Restructuring the Sense of Self by Building SelfRestructuring the Sense of Self by Building Self
Self Discovery Search your self Self i mSelf Discovery Search your self Self i m
Chapter 4 Self One Self Any Self QuestioningChapter 4 Self One Self Any Self Questioning
Professional Growth Plans Self Motivating Self Monitoring SelfProfessional Growth Plans Self Motivating Self Monitoring Self
Self Critique Self evaluation self assessment Description ofSelf Critique Self evaluation self assessment Description of
SELF CONTROL Self control berkaitan dengan Self restraintSELF CONTROL Self control berkaitan dengan Self restraint
self identity self evaluationacceptance self aspiration future selvesself identity self evaluationacceptance self aspiration future selves
Promotion of self esteem Self The self isPromotion of self esteem Self The self is
Self Discovery Search your self Self i mSelf Discovery Search your self Self i m
PMQA Self Assessment Category1 Self Assessment Category2 SelfPMQA Self Assessment Category1 Self Assessment Category2 Self
SELF AND PERSONALITY CONCEPT OF SELF SELF OurSELF AND PERSONALITY CONCEPT OF SELF SELF Our
Self Service Update Address Self Service Features SelfSelf Service Update Address Self Service Features Self
Self Esteem Lesson 1 Developing Your Self EsteemSelf Esteem Lesson 1 Developing Your Self Esteem
Over the mountains Over the plains Over theOver the mountains Over the plains Over the
Developing Hints Definition Developing Hints is developing theDeveloping Hints Definition Developing Hints is developing the
Geertz Common Sense Common Sense as a CulturalGeertz Common Sense Common Sense as a Cultural
Making Sense Changing Futures for Families Making SenseMaking Sense Changing Futures for Families Making Sense
Sense of Hearing and Equilibrium 3 Parts SenseSense of Hearing and Equilibrium 3 Parts Sense
Sense Verbs We use sense verbs like nounSense Verbs We use sense verbs like noun
Word Sense Disambiguation Marwah ALian Word Sense DisambiguationWord Sense Disambiguation Marwah ALian Word Sense Disambiguation