The Industrial Revolution The Start of the Industrial

The Industrial Revolution

The Start of the Industrial Revolution • In colonial America, most manufactured goods came from __GREAT BRITAIN (England) • who used raw materials that often came from the __COLONIES__. • The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain. • Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame

The Start of the Industrial Revolution (cont. ) • Samuel __SLATER__ brought the Industrial Revolution to America. • He memorized the way that _SPINNING MACHINES_ were built, then he came over to Rhode Island built a small _TEXTILE MILL__. SAMUEL SLATER

Spinning Wheel

Slater’s Spinning Machine

Slater Mill Pawtucket, Rhode Island • _WATER_ power turned the machines that spun _COTTON_ fibers into thread. • When Slater died, he was worth $_1. 2 MILLION_.

Eli Whitney’s Remarkable Inventions • • • The arrival of _TEXTILE MILLS_ in America increased the demand for raw _COTTON___. Cotton has lots of black __SEEDS__. It took a worker one _DAY__ to remove these seeds from one _POUND_ of cotton. Eli _WHITNEY__ was a _TEACHER_ who invented a very simple machine called the _COTTON_ENGINE_. With it, a worker could clean _50_ pounds of cotton in a day!

• Unfortunately, the cotton gin renewed the South’s need for _SLAVE_ labor. • So, the South stayed _AGRICULTURAL_, and the North became _INDUSTRIAL_. • In the 1700’s, only wealthy people wore _COTTON_ clothes. After the __INDUSTRIAL _REVOLUTION_, EVERYONE wore cotton.

Life in the Factories • • Work in the factories was (& is) _MONOTONOUS_ you do the same thing over and over again. The air was filled with cotton _FIBERS_ that were bad for the lungs.

Life in the Factories • There were no _SAFETY_ devices, and one could lose fingers very easily in the big machines. • __CHILDREN_ as young as _7_ years old worked in the factories instead of going to __SCHOOL__. Urbanization

Life in the Factories • • • Most people worked _12_ hours a day, for __6__ days a week. The typical male earned _$1 -2_ per day, and females earned _50 -75 cents_ per day. 3 holidays/year – 4 th of July, Thanksgiving & Fast Day in the Spring

Road Improvements • Early roads were dirt. They were dusty in the summer and muddy in the winter. • The 1 st road improvements were roads with round logs placed next to each other and were called _CORDUROY_ roads.

Road Improvements The best roads were _MACADAM_ roads. What materials did they use? 3”, 2”, and 1” broken stones & a heavy roller

Road Improvements • • The _NATIONAL_ Road stretched from the __EAST_ Coast to the _MISSISSIPPI_ River. Why did the people in the South have a problem with the National Road?

Road Improvements • • Roads were __DIFFICULT__ to build and maintain. Roads built by private companies were blocked with sharp sticks called _PIKES_ until you paid a _TOLL__. Transportation

CANALS A canal is a big _DITCH__. It is like a man-made __RIVER___.

Canals • De. Witt ___CLINTON___ decided to build a canal from _ALBANY_ to Buffalo, which meant from the _HUDSON_ River to Lake _ERIE__. • It was called the _ERIE_ Canal.

CANALS • Making the Erie Canal through _360_ miles of wilderness was an extremely _AMBITIOUS_ project. • Canal workers received _50_ cents a day and all the __MEAT__ they could eat!

Canals • • The Erie Canal took _8_ years and _THOUSANDS_ of workers to build. It was _4__ feet deep and __40__ feet wide. Before the canal was built, it cost $_100_ to ship a ton of grain, afterwards it cost $_8_. http: //www. history. com/shows/america-thestory-of-us/videos/transcontinentalrailroad#building-the-erie-canal. Making of the Erie Canal

Canals

Steam Power & Steam Boats • • Robert __FULTON_ was an __INVENTOR_ and an _ARTIST___ Some people even called him America’s _DAVINCI_!

Steam Power & Steam Boats • • In 1807, Fulton’s _STEAMBOAT_, the Clermont, made a 150 mile voyage in __32_ hours. That was fast! It was _5_ miles/hour.

Trains & Rails • After the steamboats, people figured out that they could take that same _STEAM__ engine and put it on wheels on a track!

Trains & Rails These first trains had passenger cars that looked like _CARRIAGES_. Riders had to deal with _SOOT_ getting on their clothes, and _SPARKS_ catching their clothes on fire!

Trains & Rails • • By the Civil War, there were _30, 000_ miles of track. Going __30_ mph, you could travel from Chicago to New York in just __2__ days!

Why were trains preferred?

The Telegraph • In 1837, Samuel F. B. Morse patented a device that sent electrical pulses over a wire. • The telegraph helped speed up business information, link the transportation network, & enabled newspapers to provide readers with up-to-date news. (text, pg 190)

Summary • “From 1825 to 1855 the cost of transportation on land fell 95%, while its speed increased fivefold” (text, pg 189). • “Steamboats reduced the time of an upstream trip from New Orleans to Louisville from 90 to 8 days while cutting costs by 90%” (text, pg 190).

Summary CANALS • In 1816, only 100 miles of canals. • By 1840, more than 3, 300 miles of canals. RAILROADS • In 1830, the U. S. had just 13 miles of railroad track. • By 1850, there were 8, 879 miles of track.

Summary • Industrial Revolution