Industrial Revolution Brainstorm Activity Imagine you are starting
Industrial Revolution Brainstorm Activity Imagine you are starting a clothing company. With a partner, make a list of the things you will need to start your own business.
Industrial Revolution What would you need? • • Money (capital) Building Technology Power Labor Product Name Market
Industrial Revolution The shift from hand made to machine-made goods in 18 th century England.
Industrial Revolution Requirements for Industrialization 1. Water power and coal to fuel the new machines 2. Iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings 3. Rivers for inland transportation 4. Harbors for shipping
Industrial Revolution Why England? 1. Large population of workers 2. Extensive natural resources 3. Factors of production a. Land b. Labor c. Capital
Industrial Revolution Conditions in England 1. Businesspeople invested in new inventions (capital) 2. Banking system (capital) a. Availability of bank loans to invest in new machinery (technology) 3. Growing overseas trade (market) 4. Economic prosperity (capital)
Industrial Revolution Conditions in England 5. Climate of progress 6. Political stability a. No wars on British soil b. Military and political success breeds positive attitude c. Parliament passes laws to protect business and help expansion
Industrial Revolutionhttps: //youtu. be/6 QKIts 2_y. J 0 Agricultural Revolution Before New Invention/Process After Wealthy land owners bought land of village farmers Enclosures Tenant Farmers move to cities Scatter across ground Seed Drill, 1701 Well-spaced rows at specific depths Boosted crop yields Three-field system Crop rotation Wheat – drained nutrients Root crops – restored nutrients Barley, then clover
Industrial Revolution Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
Industrial Revolution Fallow; Cultivated land that is allowed to lie idle during the growing season
Industrial Revolution Textile Industry Invention Impact Flying shuttle, 1733 Increased productivity of weavers Increased demand for American cotton Spinning jenny, 1764 Spinner could work eight threads at a time Water frame, 1769 Used water from rapid streams to power spinning wheels Power loom, 1787 Combined spinning jenny and water frame Cotton gin, 1793 Used to separate seeds from cotton Greatly increased productivity of cotton Factories Large buildings built to house machines; usually built near streams or rivers
Industrial Revolution Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Water Frame & Power Loom
Industrial Revolution Transportation Invention Impact Steam engine, 1705 James Watt invents a more efficient engine in 1765 Steamboat, 1807 Network of canals built in England Cost shipping raw materials inland drops drastically Roads John Mc. Adam lines roadbeds with large stones for drainage Puts smoothed layer of crushed rock on top Locomotive Steam-driven locomotives could haul heavy loads great distances Railroads Cheap way to transport raw materials and finished products New jobs for railroad workers and miners Boosted agricultural and fishing industries Easier travel for workers to jobs in the city
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution Canal in Manchester, UK
Industrial Revolution Urbanization The movement of people to cities
Industrial Revolution Size of Cities • Factory system brought jobseekers to cities • Built near sources of energy i. e. coal, water • New cities specializing in specific industries
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution Living Conditions • No regulations – building, sanitation • Not enough housing, police, schools • No running water, plumbing, garbage pick up • Disease – epidemics common
Industrial Revolution Working Conditions • Factories were dirty and dangerous • Workers labored long hours – 14+ hours • No government regulation • Workers over worked and underpaid
Industrial Revolution Social Classes • Middle class develops – factory owners, shippers, merchants • Rich landowners look down on middle class • Lower middle class – skilled workers, factory overseers
Industrial Revolution Child Labor • Children as young as 6 worked in factories • Worked 6 days, 14 -16 hour days, half hour for lunch • Dangerous – injuries, death • Whipped if sleeping
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution Children working in mines. Called “hurriers”.
Industrial Revolution – Children Suffered in Mills and Mines – Were “trappers”. • Cleared the ventilation shafts. – Orphaned children worked for food and board. – Many families needed the extra money. – Many were beat and very few received an education. – Factory Act of 1833. • Minimum 13 years old and maximum 8 hour day.
Industrial Revolution • Social Effect of the Industrial Revolution – Middle Class Expanded • • • Rise of factory owners, shippers, and merchants. Lived in nice housing, dressed and ate well, and women did not work. Viewed the poor as lazy or ignorant. – Responsible for their own misery.
Industrial Revolution • Urbanization - movement of people to cities. – Did they come by choice? • Yes and no…changes in farming and demand for workers. – Overcrowding • Manchester – 17, 000 in 1750… 40, 000 in 1780… 70, 000 in 1801! • Dirty and disease ridden from factories. • City governments were corrupt and inefficient. • Cities were unsafe. – Tenement housing • Shabby apartment buildings. • No light, no running water, many to one room, and no sanitation system.
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution Effects of Urbanization Positive Long-Term • • • Workers gained more rights and better working conditions • Living conditions improve • Goods are more affordable Created jobs More / cheaper products Increased nations wealth Sparked invention and new technologies • Increased standard of living – better housing, healthier diets, cheaper clothing • New educational opportunities
Industrial Revolution Urban life in Great Britain.
European Industrial Revolution Justifications: 19 th Century Liberalism Social Darwinism Social Changes Aristocracy Declining in Power Responses: Socialism, Marxism Labor Unions Finance Capitalism Urban Industrial Environment Expansion of Gov't Services Requirements Middle Class Rising in Power City Services: Fire, Police, Water, Sanitation Raw Materials Working Class Living in Poverty Public Health Education New Markets Peasants Struggling to Survive Investments Increased Competition Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Entangling Alliances Underlying Causes of World War Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Industrial Revolution https: //youtu. be/B 3 u 4 EFTwpr. M? list=PLBDA 2 E 52 FB 1 EF 80 C 9 • Capitalism vs. Socialism – Capitalism (Smith) • Individuals, rather than governments, control the factors of production. – Land, labor, and capital. • Businesses are privately owned. – Socialism/Communism (Marx) • Government owns the means of production and operates them on behalf of the people. • Reform movements, unions, and anti-trust laws are created.
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