The Industrial Revolution What is the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

What is the Industrial Revolution? �Change in the way products are produced �Before the Industrial Revolution products were made at home (domestic system) �After the Industrial Revolution products are made in factories (factory system) �The first industry was the textile (clothes) factory

What was life like in Europe in 1750? � Most people make their living as farmers. � People use simple tools & live in farming villages. � Most people have never traveled beyond their villages. � Farmers work long hours…varies by season � Most people make their own clothes & grow their own food. � Most power provided by human, animal, watermills, & windmills.

New Technology that leads to the Agricultural Revolution � Enclosures: Wealthy landowners bought & fenced land of village farmers. � Enclosures allowed new agricultural methods to occur & it forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or move to cities. � Jethro Tull/Seed Drill: A tool used to produce more food by planting seeds below the surface of the ground. � Lord “Turnip” Townshend/Crop Rotation: To prevent soil nutrients from being exhausted he introduced a 4 -course rotation of crops (wheat, turnips, oats or barley, & clover).

Enclosure Movement *Jobless farmers moved to cities *Lived in crowded homes, multifamily apartment buildings

Improved technology better food production Population Explosion

Population Explosion �People eat better. �Women give birth to healthier babies. �Better medical care slows down death rate. �More Demand for Goods

Energy Revolution : More demands for goods leads to more improved technology �John Kay/Flying Shuttle: Spinning machine that increased the yarn production of a weaver

3. Energy Revolution continues… �James Hargreaves/Spinning Jenny: Spinning wheel that allowed 1 spinner to work 8 threads at a time.

3. Energy Revolution continues… �Richard Arkwright/Water Frame: Used water power from streams to drive the spinning wheels.

3. Energy Revolution continues… �Eli Whitney/Cotton Gin: Took seeds out of the cotton.

3. Energy Revolution continues… �James Watt/Coal Fuel Engine: Made steam engine work faster & more efficiently while burning less fuel.

3. Energy Revolution continues… �George Stephenson/Railroad: Designed & built locomotives.

Faster Production of Goods will lead to the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution �Water power & coal to fuel the new machines. �Iron ore to construct machines, tools, & buildings. �Rivers for inland transportation & harbors for merchants to sail. �The government encouraged people & businesses to invest $ in the new inventions. �England is the 1 st Nation to Industrialize

Industrial Revolution begins in England Warm Up: List three causes that led to the Industrial Revolution

Where did the Industrial Revolution Begin? �The rise of new nations paralleled the Industrial Revolution. �Industrial development began much earlier in England (about 1750). �England had a unique combination of conditions that made economic transformation possible. �Urbanization-growth of cities

Why does the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain First? 1. Labor Supply 2. Coal & Iron resources 3. Entrepreneurs 4. Access to seas and good harbors 5. Investment Capital 6. Positive Government attitude

Domestic System • All work was done in the home or in a small workshop • Cost more produced slowly Factory System • Work is done in a factory with machines • produced a lot of products for a cheaper price

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

1. Increased Standard of Living *More paid jobs available *Public Education *Population growth *Urbanization-growth and development of cities

2. Technological Advances �More manufactured products �Prices people within reach of most

3. Factory Life & Pollution Life in the Factory : Pollution from Factories: �Low wages �Long hours �Serious risks Health �Poor working conditions ◦ (Dark, Noisy, dirty, & fumes) �Air �Land �Water

4. Child Labor �To increase the family income often times children would work in the factories and mines.

5. Creation of Labor Unions �A labor union is an organization of workers that come together to gain rights in the work place. �They fought against harsh working conditions ◦ ◦ Improve working conditions Create a minimum wage Reduce working hours Put age restrictions for child labor � Some ways that unions would try to gain rights were to strike and/or through boycotts