The Industrial Revolution Very Funny Industrial Revolution Begins

The Industrial Revolution

Very Funny

Industrial Revolution Begins What was the Industrial Revolution? Change in business, the ways things are made Technological advancements and inventions Increasing New energy sources Wood Momentum to water to coal to steam Changed all aspects of society Government: political and economic

Agricultural Revolution Crop rotation Seed drill –seeding more efficiently Enclosures –Tragedy of the Commons

Agricultural Revolution New technology and inventions More efficient farming methods More profitable Greater availability of food, more varied diet, people live longer Increased population

Industrialization – move to machine production of goods Why Britain? Location, location! Natural resources: coal, iron, rivers, harbors Stable economy and political system encourages investment High demand for goods, new raw materials and markets to explore

Why Britain? Geographical advantages Island = water Water as source of energy and transportation Canals and rivers Coal and iron close to surface Textiles! Cheap

Textile Industry - Inventions Flying shuttles and spinning jennies for weavers to replace the spinning wheel Water frame as alternative spinning method

Spinning Jenny

Textile Industry More inventions to speed up production and improve quality of goods Power loom & spinning mule

Factories – buildings with machinery for manufacturing/producing Needed water power to turn machines Iron Industry needs fuel, no trees Coal! But mines tended to flood Steam Pump, later for major transportation improvements

Steam powered engine

Effects Changed all aspects of society – WOW! Political and economic thought Living and working conditions City life Social classes Benefits Disadvantages

Industrialization Changes Factory Work Factories pay more than farms, more demand for expensive manufactured goods Industrial cities rise Urbanization – city building and movement of people to cities Growing population provides workforce and market for goods British industrial cities: London,

Effects of Industrialization Working conditions Industry created many new jobs Factories dirty, unsafe, dangerous Factory bosses use harsh discipline Terrible working conditions: long hours, low wages, poor ventilation, dirty, unsafe Average working day is 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round

Effects of Industrialization Living Conditions Cities lacked sanitation codes and building control Housing, water, and social service scarce Epidemics (like cholera) and illness swept through cities Life span pretty low due to living conditions Inadequate housing, education, and police protection

Effects of Industrialization Social Classes Middle class – skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier Standard of living generally rose The Working Class Lives not improved; replaced by machines Unemployment rises and workers riot

Child Labor Overworked, underpaid, treaty poorly As young as 6 years old 12 – 14 hour work days Only paid a fraction of what adults were paid Cruel treatment, safety generally neglected

Economics and Political Thought New ideas about the structure of society Liberalism – individual liberty Utilitarianism – greatest happiness for the greatest number Socialism – political and economic equality Marxism – extreme socialism Scientific and Social Ideas Darwinism – survival of the fittest, natural selection, social Darwinism

Fulton’s steamboat in 1807

The Age of Railways Railroads revolutionize life in Britain Spur industrial growth, create jobs Cheaper transportation boosts industry More urbanization

Industrialization Spreads The Rise of Corporations Stock – limited ownership rights for company, sold to raise money Corporation – company owned by stockholders, share profits and debts

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Impact of the Industrial Revolution The Rise of Global Inequality Wealth gap widens: non-industrialized countries fall further behind more developed countries Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials and markets Transformation of Society Europe and US gain economic power Rise of middle class strengthens democracy