The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution Fundamental changes

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Fundamental changes in the way goods were made and produced. – From cottage industry to factories – MASS PRODUCTION • Large scale production of identical goods – Steam power to run machinery

The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION begins in • Great Britain

Why Industrialization begins in Britain Geographical Advantages Harbors, rivers & coal Transportation and Communications Coastal trade, canals, port towns, postal service, newspapers, navy

Why Industrialization begins in Britain Large Colonial Empire Raw materials • Powerful middle class • Capital, labor and new industrial inventions

Why Industrialization begins in Britain • Improvements in Agriculture • Scientific method use to improve production

Innovations in Textile Manufacturing ]Spinning jenny (1764), used a single wheel to control several spindles at a time.

Innovations in Textile Manufacturing ] *James Watt, a Scottish inventor, improved the steam-engine (1769) ]Allowed factory construction to be placed anywhere, no longer dependant on water

SHIFTING from home to factory

From HOME to Factory DOMESTIC SYSTEM (Pre-Industrial Rev. ) • Craftsmen working at home, spinning wool by hand

From Home to FACTORY Factories • Large number of workers could be supervised and use machines driven by water or steam power • England’s plentiful supplies of coal and water provided resources to run the factories

Working Conditions Appalling places to work, with unsafe and unpleasant conditions Work hours were long, and workers pay was low Children performed dangerous tasks

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URBANIZATION From the countryside farms (RURAL)

URBANIZATION With the shift of work to factories, Large number of workers moved From their farms & countryside-homes to cities.

Urbanization • Cities became crowded and highly unsanitary • Factory smoke polluted the air • Local governments were often unable to cope with the needs of large numbers of workers

Describe how the painting depicts changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution.

Coalbrookedale by Night (1801) Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • What factors caused the Industrial Revolution? • How did the Industrial Revolution change the ways people lived?

The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • The transformation of Britain