INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LESSON 1 A TWO PHASE REVOLUTION

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LESSON 1: A TWO PHASE REVOLUTION

TWO PHASE REVOLUTION BEFORE THE 18 TH CENTURY WHERE DID THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION LIVE AND WORK? • COUNTRY SIDE • FARMING WHY DO YOU THINK THE POPULATION STARTED MOVING TO THE CITY? • JOBS IN FACTORIES • MACHINES WERE TAKING OVER ON FARMS (AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY) • NO JOBS LEFT FOR THE POPULATION

TWO PHASE REVOLUTION PHASE ONE • THE INVENTION OF THE STEAM PHASE TWO ENGINE • MID 19 TH CENTURY • AROUND 1769 • DISCOVERY OF ELECTRICITY AND OIL • ALLOWED FOR THE MECHANIZATION OF PRODUCTION (USE OF MACHINES TO PRODUCE GOODS) • INCREASED PRODUCTION • LED TO FURTHER INVENTIONS https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=fs. Xpa. PSVas. Q

WHERE DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGIN? WHICH THREE COUNTRIES • BRITAIN (AROUND 1800) INDUSTRIALIZED NEXT? 1. FRANCE 2. UNITED STATES 3. GERMANY

WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGIN IN BRITAIN? 1. AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS- PRODUCE MORE FOOD 2. AVAILABLE COAL SUPPLY- STEAM ENGINE RUNS ON COAL 3. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 4. AVAILABILITY OF CAPITAL- MORE MONEY MEANS NEW BUSINESSES CAN START UP AND PEOPLE ARE BUYING MORE 5. EXTENSIVE LABOUR FORCE- LOTS OF PEOPLE TO BUY MORE PRODUCTS Why the Revolution Happened Here

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LESSON 2: CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIALIZATION

CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WHY DID THE FOLLOWING LEAD TO SUCH A CHANGE? 1. CROP ROTATION • Better nutrients in the soil, more productive fields 2. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE • New Crops introduced to Britain like Potato and Corn 3. LIVESTOCK BETTER FED • More food for animals meant more food for humans 4. MORE EFFICIENT MACHINERY • Less labourers needed to produce more food 5. ENCLOSURES • Fenced in land to protect crops and prevent cattle from grazing 6. PRIVATE PROPERTY • Rich land owners bought up smaller farms

MORE FOOD IN GREAT BRITAIN MEANS… • DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH TH • POPULATION GREW STEADILY THROUGHOUT THE 18 CENTURY • AGRICULTURAL ADVANCES PROVIDED BETTER NUTRITION, PEOPLE LIVED LONGER • POPULATION GROWTH MEANT A HIGHER DEMAND FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS EG. CLOTHING

MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES NEW SOURCES OF ENERGY JAMES WATT INVENTED … • COAL • THE STEAM ENGINE • GREAT BRITAIN HAD LOTS OF COAL • STEAM WAS MORE RELIABLE • METALLURGY- PRODUCED IRON, PIG IRON & STEEL • ESSENTIAL FOR MACHINES & TRAIN TRACKS THAN PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY WHY WAS THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY THE FIRST TO MECHANIZE? • DEMAND FOR COTTON INCREASED IN RESPONSE TO THE GROWING POPULATION WHERE DID ALL THE COTTON COME FROM? • BRITISH WEST INDIES • SLAVERY PROVIDED A LARGE QUANTITY OF COTTON AT A LOW PRICE • ENTREPRENEURS MADE SUBSTANTIAL PROFIT TO FINANCE NEW BUSINESSES Spinning Jenny

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LESSON 3: AN ECONOMIC REVOLUTION

A NEW WAY TO RUN THE ECONOMY AVAILABILITY OF CAPITAL ECONOMIC LIBERALISM WHY WAS THERE SO MUCH CAPITAL IN ADAM SMITH BRITAIN? • A NATION’S WEALTH IS RELATED TO • FLOURISHING TEXTILE MARKET • COLONIES PROVIDED INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY OF RESOURCES TO MAKE MANUFACTURED GOODS • EG. COTTON FOR CLOTHING • LANDOWNERS MADE INCREASING WEALTH FROM ENCLOSURES AND NEW AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES • TAKES MONEY TO MAKE MONEY SOCIETY’S PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND ITS CAPACITY FOR PRODUCTION • ONLY WAY TO ENCOURAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH IS FOR ENTREPRENEURS TO HAVE FREEDOM FROM GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION

THE URBANIZATION OF GREAT BRITAIN • WHY DID FACTORIES DEVELOP? • MACHINES WERE EXPENSIVE, ENTREPRENEURS BROUGHT THEM TOGETHER IN ONE PLACE • WHY DID CITIES GROW AROUND FACTORIES? • FACTORIES NEEDED WORKERS, WORKERS NEEDED TO LIVE CLOSE TO THEIR WORK • WHY DID CITIES DEVELOP AROUND MINES? • AVOID THE EXPENSE OF TRANSPORTING COAL AND IRON TO CITIES FOR SMELTING

TRANSPORTATION HOW WERE RESOURCES, GOODS AND PEOPLE TRANSPORTED ACROSS THE COUNTRY? • NEW ROADS • NEWLY BUILT CANALS • NEWLY DEVELOPED RAILWAYS HOW DOES IMPROVED TRANSPORT BOOST THE ECONOMY? 1750 1830 1855 London. Birmingham 48 hours 12 hours 3. 2 hours London. Edinburgh 240 hours 45 hours 13 hours London. Manchester 84 hours 20 hours 5. 4 hours

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LESSON 4: A SOCIAL REVOLUTION

A SOCIAL REVOLUTION AVERAGE WORKING CONDITIONS IN CANADA TODAY? • $15 PER HOUR • 8 HOURSA DAY • 5 DAYS A WEEK • NO CHILDREN • HEAT OR AC • SOCIAL PROTECTION: PAID-SICK, BEREAVEMENT OR PARENTAL LEAVE

WORKING CONDITIONS AVERAGE WORKING CONDITIONS IN FACTORIES IN BRITAIN? 19 TH CENTURY • ALL MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY WOULD WORK • 13 -14 HOURS A DAY • 6 DAYS A WEEK • SMOKE FILLED AIR • NOISE FROM MACHINES, INSUFFICIENT LIGHTING • FINES • NO SAFETY EQUIPMENT • NO SOCIAL PROTECTION RESULT OF THESE CONDITIONS? • WOMEN WORKED- PAY THEM LESS • CHILDREN AS YOUNG AS 5 OR 6 • EXHAUSTION- NO TIME TO RELAX OR PLAY • • • ONLY ONE DAY TO GO TO CHURCH LUNG TROUBLE, HARD TO BREATH EYES AND EARS STRAINED LESS MONEY FOR FOOD OR LEISURE LOST LIMBS, DEATH, BROKEN BONES IF YOU WERE SICK OR INJURED YOU WERE FIRED AND COULD NOT FIND MORE WORK

WORKING AND LIVING CONDITIONS The Children who Built Victorian Britain

WHAT DO YOU THINK THESECONDITIONS LIVING CONDITIONS-DREADFUL!!! • CITY POPULATIONS GREW RAPIDLY • CITIES WERE NOT BUILT FAST ENOUGH TO ACCOMMODATE THE GROWING POPULATION • UNSANITARY HOUSES (NO RUNNING WATER OR SEWERS) LED TO? • SMALL HOMES WITH MULTIPLE FAMILIES • DISEASES SPREAD (CHOLERA AND TUBERCULOSIS) • STREETS SMELLED • NO GARBAGE COLLECTION • CRIME • NO POLICE • HARD TO CONTAIN FIRES • NO FIREFIGHTERS • CHILDREN WORKED INSTEAD OF GOING • NO SCHOOLS • NO HOSPITALS • HEAT FROM COAL STOVE- IF THEY COULD AFFORD COAL TO SCHOOL • LIFE EXPECTANCY WAS LOW • SMOKY AND POLLUTED HOMES AND STREETS

THE LONDON MATCH GIRLS STRIKE OF 1888 • FINED IF THEY TALKED, LEFT MATCHES WHERE THEY SHOULDN’T BE, LATE, IF MATCHES CAUGHT FIRE, MACHINES • LOSS OF LIMBS, FINGERS, ETC- NO SUPPORT • PAID FOR A STATUE IN FRONT OF THE FACTORY • GIRLS WERE HELPLESS AND OWNERS DID NOT CARE IF THEY DIED • OWNERS ASKED GIRLS TO LIE ABOUT THE CONDITIONS IN THE FACTORY AFTER IT BECAME PUBLIC • OUTSIDERS SUGGEST THE PUBLIC AVOID THE COMPANY • GIRLS WENT ON STRIKE

WHAT DO YOU THINK WORKERS DID TO IMPROVE THESE SITUATIONS? • SOCIALISM-ADVOCATED FOR EQUALITY AND THE COMMON GOOD INSTEAD OF INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS (EVERYONE IS CONSIDERED NOT JUST THE RICH) • UNION MOVEMENTS- WORKERS JOINED FORCES AND FORMED UNIONS • WORKERS HAD TO STRIKE TOGETHER OR INDIVIDUALS WOULD BE FIRED • OWNERS DID NOT ENCOURAGE STRIKES AND EVEN TRIED TO SUPPRESS THEM • SOCIAL DEMOCRACY- POLITICAL PARTY TO SUPPORT THE PEOPLE • STRIKES

THE PETERLOO MASSACRE -1819, SOLDIERS CHARGED INTO A PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY OF TEXTILE WORKERS IN MANCHESTER -11 KILLED, 400 INJURED

NEW LAWS PASSED IN THE 19 TH CENTURY • 1824: THE RIGHT TO FORM UNIONS • 1833: THE FIRST SOCIAL ASSISTANCE LAW • 1833: BAN ON CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 9 • 1847: RESTRICTED WORK HOURS TO 10 FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN • 1870: PUBLIC EDUCATION FUNDED BY STATE • 1871: RIGHT TO STRIKE • 1874: 56 HOUR WORKWEEK

PROJECT A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A FACTORY WORKER POSSIBLE SOURCES- PODCAST, TEXTBOOK, VIDEOS, INTERNET SITES HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=_6 BYG 7 Q 74 QG