Lesson 1 The Industrial Revolution CHAPTER 23 INDUSTRIALIZATION

Lesson 1: The Industrial Revolution CHAPTER 23: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM

Industrial Revolution in Great Britain Began in 1780’s Several reasons behind it � 1. Agricultural Revolution � 2. Increased population � 3. Increased capital � 4. Natural Resources (Examples) � 5. Supply of markets for goods (Examples)

The Cotton Industry Inventions that improved industry Spinning Jenny (1764 -Hargreaves) Water powered loom (1787 -Cartwright) Steam engine (1782 -Watt) Use of cottage industry (creation of cotton in rural homes) Cotton production increased from 2. 5 million pounds (1760) to 366 million pounds a year (1840) Established a factory system Workers used to working long hours trained to work a schedule each day

Coal and Iron Coal Main source of power for steam engine Used to help create iron Iron Puddling �Coke used to burn away impurities �Creating pig iron �Stronger version of iron England produced 70, 000 tons a year By 1852, up to 3 million tons a year

Railroads Trevithick: built first locomotive (1804) Went only 5 miles per hour while carrying people/cargo 1830: The Rocket Went 16 miles per hour By 1850, Trains going 50 mph Railroads covered 6, 000 miles of land by 1850 Provided jobs for peasants and laborers Cheaper travel led to lower prices for goods and increased capital

The Spread of Industrialization England industrialized by 1850 Belgium, Germany, and France followed Countries were connected by the railroads US began industrialization in mid 1800’s �US population skyrocketed �Fulton’s steamboat provided new source of travel (Clermont) �Railroads covered 30, 000 miles by 1860 (Mainly in North)

Social Impact of Industrialization Population growth 1750: 140 million (in Europe) 1850: 260 million Decline in death rates (Why? ) Urbanization Growth of cities People moved to cities for factory work

Social Impact of Industrialization New Social Classes Industrial capitalism �Economic system based on production and manufacturing �Created the industrial middle class �Built factories, bought machines, developed markets �Industrial working class �Worked 16 hours a day, 6 days a week �No worker’s comp, unemployment benefits, insurance, poor factory conditions, no minimum wage �Factory Act of 1833: age 9 is minimum age to work, limited working hours for children

Social Impact of Industrialization Socialism Economic system Government controls and owns means of production Utopian socialists �Robert Owen: New Lanark, Scotland �Creating cooperative communities

Nationalism and Political Revolutions CHAPTER 23: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM

Europe in the 1830’s Liberalism and Nationalism drive out old regimes and bring in new government France �Charles X �Censored the press and removed voting rights �Overthrown and replaced by Louis-Philippe Belgium- Broke away from Dutch Republic Italy- Attempted Independence �Austria maintained control Poland- Attempted Independence �Brought down by the Russians

1848: Year of Revolutions France Louis-Philippe maintained strict control and limited voting rights French radicals overthrew him and wanted to set up republic Provisional Government �Universal male suffrage �Provided work for unemployed �Caused the country to near bankruptcy �Led to closure of unemployment and violence

1848: Year of Revolutions France The Second Republic (11/4/1848) �Universal male suffrage �A president chosen by the people (4 year term) �Nephew of Napoleon won 1 st election

1848: Year of Revolutions Germany Frankfurt Assembly �Wanted to establish limited monarchy with parliament �Election by universal male suffrage �Why it failed �Frederick William IV of Prussia turned down the throne which left Germans with no leader and therefore their constitution was null and void

1848: Year of Revolutions Austria An empire made up of different nationalities Germans made up small portion of empire but had lots of power Revolts took place across the empire Capital city was overtaken (wanted liberal legislature) �In response: Hungary given own legislature �Russian troops came in to help regain order and remove all rebels �Czechs lost any chance of Legislature �Hungarians lost theirs too

1848: Year of Revolutions Italy Lombardy and Venetian territories try to overthrow Austrian control Looked to create liberal constitutions and unify Italy Efforts failed

Nationalism, Unification, and Reform CHAPTER 23: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM

The Crimean War Russia vs. Ottoman Empire Winner gets the Balkans Russia: Needed it for naval supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean Ottoman Empire: In a major decline and failure would probably cripple empire 1853 �Russia invades Moldavia and Walachia �Great Britain and France declare war on Russia �War was a disaster and peace treaty sought quickly

Unification of Nations Italy