Industrialization Nationalism Chapter 23 Industrial Revolution Section 1

Industrialization & Nationalism Chapter 23

Industrial Revolution Section 1

Industrial Revolution in Great Britain n 1780 s n 5 n n n Factors Agricultural practices Population growth Supply of money Natural resources Market supply

n Cotton industry n Flying shuttle n James Hargreaves- spinning jenny n Edmund Cartwright- water powered loom n James Watt- steam engine n Coal production n Henry Cort- puddling

n. Railroads n. The Rocket n. Factories & labor system

Spread of Industrialization n. Europe n. North America n. Robert Fulton- Clermont n. Railroad

Reaction & Revolution Section 2

Congress of Vienna n Klemens von Metternich n Principle of legitimacy n Balance of power

Conservative Order n. Conservatism n. Concert of Europe n. Principle of intervention

Forces of Change n Liberalism n Nationalism n France- Charles X; Louis-Philippe n Belgium, Poland, & Italy

Revolutions of 1848 n French Revolution n Louis-Philippe overthrown n Constituent Assembly- universal male suffrage n Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Louis-Napoleon) elected leader of France

n Trouble in Germany n German Confederation n Revolutions in Central Europe n Austrian Empire (multinational state) n Revolts in Italy n 9 Italian states n Conservative rule reestablished because liberals too divided over goals

National Unification & National States Section 3

End of the Concert of Europe n Crimean War n Russia wanted land in the Balkans (controlled by the Ottoman Empire which was in decline) n Give Russia access to Mediterranean Sea n 1853 - Russia invades Moldavia; Ottoman declare war on Russia; France & Great Britain declare war on Russia n 1856 - Russia seeks peace in the Treaty of Paris

n Russia & Austria had been 2 main powers, now they were enemies n Austria didn’t help Russia in the war because they also wanted the Balkans n Russia lost & became isolated for 20 years or so n Austria had no allies that were powerful n Ended the Concert of Europe

Italian Unification n King Victor Emmanuel II- king of Piedmont n Camillo di Cavour- prime minister n Giuseppe Garibaldi- Red Shirts n September 21, 1870 - Rome became capital of united Italy

German Unification n. Militarism n. King William I n. Otto von Bismarck n. Realpolitik n. Franco-Prussian War n. Kaiser

Reform in Europe n Queen Victoria- Great Britain n British North America Act (Canada) n France n Louis-Napoleon n Plebiscite n Second Empire

n. Austria Compromise of 1867 n. Russia n Czar Alexander II n Emancipation n Alexander III n

Culture: Romanticism & Realism Section 4

Romanticism Emphasized feelings, emotion & imagination n Mary Shelley- Frankenstein n Edgar Allen Poe- short stories n Artists: n art was reflection of inner feelings n abandoned classical reason for warmth & emotion n Eugene Delacroix- French n Ludwig van Beethoven- composer n

New Scientific Ideas Edward Jenner- small pox vaccine n Louis Pasteur- germ theory n Dmitry Medeleyev- periodic table n Michael Faraday- electric current n Secularization- indifference to religious consideration n Charles Darwin- organic evolution; Origin of n Species n Natural selection- survival of the fittest

Realism- viewing the world as it really is n Gustave Flaubert- Madame Bovary n Charles Dickens- Oliver Twist; David n Copperfield, Tale of Two Cities n Gustave Courbet- most famous realist artist