French Revolution Chapter 3 Section 3 Radical Days

French Revolution Chapter 3 Section 3 Radical Days of the Revolution

Video ► Click on www. khanacademy. org ► In the search box, type in “French Revolution (Part 3) – Reign of Terror” ► Watch the video ► Read the Powerpoint ► Answer the Powerpoint/Video questions

Radical Phase ► The French Revolution entered a frightening and bloody phase in 1793 ► The war with Austria not going well for France ► Some revolutionaries believed the king was supporting France’s enemies ► Supporters of the monarchy wanted to restore the king’s power and end this revolution

Radical Phase ► August 10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the royal palace and slaughtered guards; royal family escaped ► In September of 1792, citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political offenses (“September Massacre”) ► 1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals) were executed during the September Massacre

New Rights Radicals took control of the National Assembly and renamed it the National Convention ► National Convention wanted to extend Suffrage to all male citizens, not just to those who owned property ► The Convention that met in September, 1792 was a more radical body than earlier assemblies ► The new Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and establish a French Republic (elected representatives) ► Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris, put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 – a true traitor! ► Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October, 1793. ►

Queen Marie Antoniette

Execution of King Louis XVI

Committee of Public Safety ► The Convention (former National Assembly) created the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to deal with alleged “enemies of the revolution” (12 members) ► CPS issued levee en masse, a tax that required all citizens to contribute to war effort ► Maxmillien Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was the leader of CPS ► Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody Reign of Terror (Sept. 1793 -July 1794)

Maxmillien Robespierre

Reign of Terror Sham courts conducted hasty trials for those suspected of resisting the revolution’s goals ► 17, 000 people were beheaded by the guillotine during Reign of Terror ► Robespierre himself was eventually arrested and guillotined (July 28, 1794) ► The convention, tired of the bloodshed, turned against the CPS and executed its radical leaders ►

Guillotine

Third Stage of Revolution (In Reaction to the Terror) ►Moderate French reformers created a Constitution of 1795 (third since 1789) ►The Constitution of 1795 established a five-man Directory (1795 -1799) to rule France with a twohouse legislature ►Middle class and professionals dominated this 3 rd stage of the French Revolution

Discontent Grows The Directory faced discontent among the population ► War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; peace was made with Prussia and Spain ► Rising bread prices caused the sans-culottes to riot ► Some emigres threatened the power of the Directory because they favored a return of the former monarchy ► The emigres who fled previously supported the monarchy and resented the measures taken against the Catholic Church. ►

Napoleon Bonaparte ► Popular military leader Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as new leader of France amidst the chaos

1799 ► 10 year old French Revolution dramatically changed France—politically, socially, and economically ► Dislodged the old social order (Ancien Regime destroyed) ► Monarchy overthrown with monarchs executed ► Church brought under French state control ► New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag) represented liberty/equality of all male citizens

Nationalism (a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country) spread throughout France ► Revolutionaries made social reforms: § set up systems to help the poor, § established state schools to replace religious ones, § organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and war widows § abolished slavery in France’s Caribbean colonies ►

Powerpoint Questions ► 1. What Committee did the Convention create? ► 2. Who was in charge of the Committee of Public Safety? ► 3. The guillotine of many people became a period in France known as the _______. ► 4. According to the video, what was the month of July renamed? _________ ► 5. How many persons were executed during this bloody stage of the French Revolution?

Powerpoint Questions ► 6. What did the Constitution of 1795 establish? (2 points) ► 7. According to the video, name the artillery captain in Toulon who displayed military leadership. ► 8. What was the tax that required all citizens to contribute to the war effort? ► 9. According to the video, what did the Jacobins demand in July of 1791?

The End