Regents Review Nationalism Nationalism l Nationalism Pride in

Regents Review Nationalism

Nationalism l Nationalism- Pride in one’s country l Common: language, customs and traditions. l Nationalism unifies people.

French Revolution l Ignited a spirit of nationalism by declaring each government should be based on the will of the people. l Napoleon’s conquests further inspired nationalist resentment against the French. l Congress of Vienna failed to take nationalism into account. Many Europeans not united. Others live under foreign rule.

Italian Unification l Mazzini called for unification of Italy. l Cavour- The Prime Minister of Sardinia. Piedmont and the architect of Italian unification. l Garibaldi- Leader of the “Red Shirts”gained the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. l 1860 Italy was unified.

German Unification l Originally Prussia (strongest German state). l Otto von Bismarck- “ Blood and Iron” l Three successful wars against Denmark, Austria and France. l Unified in 1871

Ottoman Empire l Nationalism was widespread l Difficulties governing different nationalities grew. l Serbs, Greeks and Romanians all gained independence during the 19 th century.

India l 1885 - Indian National Congress formed l 1906 - Muslims break away- form The Muslim League. l Gandhi- Nationalist leader.

World War I l Rivalries between France, Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia. l Austria-Hungary many ethnic groups. l Serbia wanted independence from Austria. l France wanted revenge on Germany for Franco-Prussian War (Treaty of Frankfort).

World War II l Germany wants to regain pride and prestige. l Revenge for the Treaty of Versailles. l Hitler wanted to united all Germans. l Wants Austria- Hitler was born there.

Africa l Difficulty developing nationalism. l Africans didn’t have nationalism, rather tribalism (created by geography and Europeans). l Pan-Africanism- movement to unify all Africans.