Industrialization Industrialization Basic Vocabulary What is Industrialization The

Industrialization

Industrialization Basic Vocabulary

What is Industrialization? • The change from a farming economy to a machine economy. The “modernizing” of a place.

What is the Factory System? • Making products with employees as quickly as possible.

What is Urbanization? • The movement of people from farms (rural areas) to cities (urban areas).

What is Migration? • The movement of people into a new place.

What are Reform Movements? • Movements that try to fix or reform problems with society.

The Inventions of Industrialization

What was the Cotton Gin? • A machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds. • Unfortunately, the cotton gin led to the growth of slavery because cotton became more profitable.

What are Interchangeable Parts? • When parts of a machine are replaceable. • Now, things can be made and fixed more quickly and easily.

What was the Factory System? • The use of machines, workers, and interchangeable parts to make things faster and easier.

What was the Erie Canal? • Connects the Hudson River to the Great Lakes. • Cut transportation costs by 95%.

What was the Steamboat? • Boats that used engines for power. • Now, boats can travel downstream and upstream. • Steamboats made trade and travel faster, cheaper, and easier.

What was the impact of the railroad? • Cars on rails that could carry a great amount of weight. • Trains made trade and travel faster, cheaper, and easier.

What was Bessemer Steel Process? • First fast and cheap way to make steel. This eventually led to bigger buildings (skyscrapers), bridges, and railroads.

What was the Mechanical Reaper? • A machine that cuts and gathers crops. • Mechanical reapers allowed farmers to grow more and use less workers.

What was the Telegraph? • Machine that transmits electric signals over wires from location to location. • First way to communicate long distance quickly.

Causes and Effects of Industrialization

How did the War of 1812 cause Industrialization? • When the British interfered with American trade, the Americans had to create their own factories instead of relying on Europe.

How did Industrialization lead to Urbanization? • People started to move close to their factory jobs. This movement led to bigger cities. • Urbanization is an effect of Industrialization.

How did Industrialization lead to Pollution? • Early factories polluted a lot. • Cities in the 1800 s were incredibly polluted. • Living conditions were usually very bad.

How did Industrialization lead to Immigration? • Workers from all over the world, but mostly Ireland, China, and Japan came to America looking for work/opportunity. • America became a mix of many cultures.

How did Industrialization lead to Consumerism (Shopping)? • Machines make things faster and cheaper. • Steamboats, trains, and canals mean they are moved faster and cheaper. • People can now buy more.

Northern, Southern, and Western Economies

How did Industrialization affect the North? • Cities grew in the North much more than in the South. • The Industrial Revolution and the revolutions in transportation and communication had the greatest impact on the North.

How did Industrialization affect the South? • The Southern Economy was dependent on slavery. • Cotton in particular made the South a lot of money. • Smaller cities, people lived far a part on farms and plantations.

How did Industrialization affect the West? • The west was getting populated at a very fast pace. • Ranching and farming were key businesses in the west. • The railroad connected the west to the rest of the country.

Industrialization and Free Enterprise

Who was Adam Smith? • Wrote “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776. • Promoted the idea that countries should let people make their own economic decisions. This idea is called Free Enterprise.

What is Laissez Faire Economics? • Laissez Faire means countries stay away from businesses and people’s choices. • Adam Smith believed this was best.