Origins and development of nationalism Nationalism: • was born as an ideology during the French Revolution (1789). • redrew the map of Europe in the nineteenth century as states became unified. • came to stand for order, social cohesion and stability. • promoted colonial expansion, and subsequently destroyed it.
Principles of nationalism Nationalism principally values: • • The nation Organic community Self determination Culturalism Nationalism manifests in several different forms, including: • Cultural nationalism: the nation is a distinctive civilization • Political nationalism: less ideological, the belief that the nation is the proper unit of government • Ethnic nationalism: the belief in and desire to preserve the ethnic distinctiveness of nation members
Nationalism and politics • Political nationalism is highly contradictory and ambiguous, for example inspiring liberation and oppression. • Nationalism has been rational and irrational, and both appealed to principled beliefs, and been bred from ancient fears.
Nationalism and politics • • Liberal nationalism Conservative nationalism Expansionist nationalism Anti-colonial and postcolonial nationalism
Nationalism in a global age • Globalism has posed many challenges for nationalism. • Global interconnectedness has reconfigured our sense of political community. • Globalization has brought about increased migration, and multiculturalism. • The growth of transnational communities has challenged the nation-state ideal.