INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM CHAPTER 10 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM CHAPTER 10

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLAND AROUND 1750, THE REST OF THE MODERN WORLD REACHED INDUSTRIALIZATION BY 1850 REASONS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: INCREASED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, GROWTH IN POPULATION, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, NEW MARKETS, CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY

INVENTORS JAMES HARGRAVES-SPINNING JENNY EDMUND CARTWRIGHT-WATER POWERED LOOM JAMES WATT-STEAM POWERED ENGINES HENRY CORT-PUDDLING(PROCESS OF PURIFYING IRON BY OXIDATION) RICHARD TREVITHICK-STEAM LOCOMOTIVE(THE ROCKET) ROBERT FULTON-STEAMBOAT(CLERMONT)

INDUSTRIALIZATION MERCANTILISM NATIONS TRYING TO PROTECT THEIR INDUSTRIAL SECRETS PASSED A VARIETY OF PROTECTIVE LAWS PROHIBITED THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION, LIMITED THE MOVEMENT OF SKILLED WORKERS SAMUEL SLATER-FOUNDER OF AMERICAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

SOCIAL CHANGES CLASS BASED ON ECONOMICS-STARTING TO DEMAND POWER TO MATCH ECONOMICS GROWTH OF CITIES-MODERNIZE, SLUMS-NEW TYPE OF POVERTY, LABOR-WOMEN, CHILDREN, POOR WORKING CONDITIONS, LOW PAY SOCIALIST IDEALS: KARL MARX-COMMUNIST MANIFESTO(1848), ROBERT OWEN-COOPERATIVE COMMUNITIES(SCOTLAND, NEW HARMONY, INDIANA) BASED ON MORE’S BOOK UTOPIA, ADAM SMITH(WEALTH OF NATIONS) LAISSEZ-FAIRE

REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1800’S IT HAS BEEN SAID “IF FRANCE SNEEZES EUROPE WILL CATCH A COLD” THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1800’S CHANGED THE POLITICAL SCENE OF EUROPE THESE REVOLUTIONS WERE BASED ON: LIBERALISM-A DEMAND FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE, MORE RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENTS NATIONALISM-PEOPLE DEMANDING TO BE GOVERNED ON THEIR OWN, TRYING TO PUSH FOREIGN INFLUENCES OUT

REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1830’S COUNTRY FRANCE BELGIUM POLAND ITALY GROUP THE FRENCH PEOPLE THE BELGUIM PEOPLE THE POLISH PEOPLE THE ITALIAN PEOPLE REASON LIBERALISM REACTIONARY KING NATIONALISM AGAINST THE DUTCH NATIONALISM AGAINST RUSSIA AGAINST AUSTRIA OUTCOME NEW MONARCH- INDEPENDENT LOUIS-PHILIPPE STATE FAILED REVOLUTION

REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1840’S COUNTRY FRANCE GERMAN STATES AUSTRIA GROUPS WORKING CLASS FRANKFORT ASSEMBLY NON-GERMANIC PEOPLE REASON LIBERALISM: JOBS, VOTING RIGHTS, NEW CONSTITUTION LIBERALISM: INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, VOTING RIGHTS NATIONALISM: SELF RULE OUTCOME SECOND REPUBLIC LOUIS NAPOLEON ELECTED PRESIDENT FREDRICK HUNGARY ALLOWED ITS WILLIAM REFUSED OWN LEGISLATURE, OTHER TO BE THE ETHNIC GROUPS DEFEATED ELECTED KING OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE

NATIONALISM, UNIFICATION, REFORM THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE 1840’S CHANGED THE POLITICS OF EUROPE: OLD ALLIANCES WERE BROKEN AND NEW ONES FORMED THE CRIMEAN WAR(1853) STARTED AS A CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE OTTOMAN TURKS, BUT OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS JOINED THE CONFLICT TO PROTECT THEIR INTEREST HEAVY LOSSES ON BOTH SIDES LEAD TO AN END TO THE WAR, THE TREATY OF PARIS IN 1856 RESULTS: RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA WERE NO LONGER ALLIES, RUSSIA WITHDREW FROM EUROPEAN POLITICS, AUSTRIA WAS NOW WEAK

ITALIAN UNIFICATION NOW WITH AUSTRIA WEAKENED ITALY WAS READY TO MOVE AGAINST THEM AND CREATE A UNIFIED COUNTRY THE PIEDMONT KINGDOM FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE, THEN PROVOKED A WAR WITH AUSTRIA, WHICH THEY WON WITH THIS VICTORY SMALL ITALIAN STATES PROPOSED ANNEXATION FROM THE PIEDMONT FOR PROTECTION IN THE SOUTH GARIBALDI FORMED AN ARMY AND CONQUERED THE SOUTHERN KINGDOMS, THEN FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH KING VICTOR EMMANUEL II, GIVING HIM THE SOUTHERN KINGDOMS

ITALIAN UNIFICATION PRUSSIAN-AUSTRIAN WAR ALLOWED PIEDMONT TO SEIZE VENETIA FROM AUSTRIA (1866) FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR ALLOWED HIM TO SEIZE ROME FROM FRANCE (1870) VICTOR MOVED THE CAPITAL TO ROME ITALY WAS OFFICIALLY UNIFIED ON SEPTEMBER 20, 1870

GERMAN UNIFICATION IN 1848 THE FRANKFORT ASSEMBLY VOTED TO MAKE FREDRICK WILLIAM IV KING; HE REFUSED TO BE KING BASED ON POPULAR VOTE IN THE 1860’S WILLIAM I MOVED TO PRUSSIA A STRONG MILITARISTIC NATION, THE LEGISLATURE REFUSED TO SUPPORT THIS MOVE WILLIAM APPOINTED COUNT OTTO VON BISMARCK AS CHANCELLOR BISMARCK BELIEVED IN REALPOLITIK, REFERRED TO AS THE “IRON CHANCELLOR”, GOVERNED WITH WHAT WERE CALLED POLICIES OF “BLOOD AND IRON”

GERMAN UNIFICATION BISMARCKS GOALS WERE TO MAKE PRUSSIA THE MOST POWERFUL ECONOMIC NATION IN EUROPE THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOST POWERFUL MILITARY ON THE CONTINENT HE IGNORED PARLIAMENT, IMPRISONED/KILLED OPPOSITION, ENGAGED IN SUCCESSFUL WARS AGAINST AUSTRIA, DENMARK AND FRANCE THROUGH HIS POLICIES AND THESE EVENTS; ON JANUARY 18, 1871 GERMANY ANNEXES THE CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE, GERMANY IS UNIFIED AS A NATION WILLIAM I IS PROCLAIMED KAISER(EMPEROR) OF THE SECOND REICH(EMPIRE) OF GERMANY

REVOLUTION IN LATIN AMERICA THE NAPOLEONIC WARS OPENED THE DOOR FOR REVOLUTION IN THE AMERICAS AS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WERE DISTRACTED BY NAPOLEONS ARMIES, LATIN AMERICA TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE SMALL EUROPEAN FORCES LEFT BEHIND TO MAINTAIN THE COLONIES THE CREOLES LOOKING AT THE EXAMPLE OF THE U. S. , AND THE IDEALS OF ENLIGHTENED THINKERS WERE MOTIVATED TO ACT

REVOLUTION IN LATIN AMERICA HAITI-1804, TOUSSAINT-LOUVERTURE STARTED A SUCCESSFUL SLAVE REBELLION ON THE ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA AGAINST FRENCH OFFICIALS, JEANJACQUES DESSALINES FINISHED THE CONFLICT AND DECLARED HIMSELF EMPEROR OF HAITI MEXICO-1810, FATHER MIGUEL HIDALGO STARTED THE REVOLUTION AGAINST SPAIN, THE CONFLICT ENDED IN 1821, AGUSTINE DE ITURBIDE FINISHED THE WAR, THEN DECLARED HIMSELF EMPEROR OF MEXICO

LOVUERTURE DESSALINES

REVOLUTION IN LATIN AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA-1810, LED BY SIMON BOLIVAR(GEORGE WASHINGTON OF SOUTH AMERICA) JOSE SAN DE MARTIN BOLIVAR WANTED TO CREATE THE UNITED SOUTH AMERICAN STATES, BUT LOCAL LANDOWNERS FEARED LOSING POWER BOLIVAR AND MARTIN LED SEPARATE CONFLICTS LIBERATING INDIVIUAL AREAS THEN IN 1824 THEY UNITED FORCES TO COMPLETE THE DEFEAT OF SPAIN TO ENSURE NON-INTERFERENCE IN THE AMERICAS BY EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, U. S. PRESIDENT JAMES MONORE ISSUED THE MONROE DOCTRINE

CULTURAL CHANGES ROMANTICISM-WAS AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT THAT STRESSED FEELINGS, EMOTIONS, AND IMAGINATION ARTISTIC WORKS FEATURED 2 THEMES: 1 ART SHOULD REFLECT INNER FEELINGS; 2 ART SHOULD REFLECT WARMTH AND EMOTIONS

CULTURAL CHANGES BEETHOVEN EMBODIED THE MUSIC OF THE TIME LITERATURE: SIR WALTER SCOTT-IVANHOE MARY SHELLY-FRANKENSTEIN EDGAR ALLEN POE-THE RAVEN; HORROR AND SUSPENSE

CULTURAL CHANGES ART JOHAN DAHL

CULTURAL CHANGES ART JOHN RUSKIN

CULTURAL CHANGES ART JOHN MARTIN

CULTURAL CHANGES PHILOSOPHY: SECULARISM-MOVE FROM RELIGIOUS THOUGHT, EMPHASIS ON THE WORLD AND HUMAN PERSPECTIVES CHARLES DARWIN-ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION(1859); THE DESCENT OF MAN(1871)

CULTURAL CHANGES AFTER THE 1850’S CULTURE WAS INFLUENCED BY REALISM WAS AN EFFORT TO DESCRIBE LIFE AS IT EXISTED GUSTAVE COURBET WAS CONSIDERED THE LEADER OF REALISM ARTWORK

THE WOUNDED MAN

CULTURAL CHANGES IN LITERATURE GUSTAVE FLAUBERT-MADAME BOVERY CHARLES DICKENS-OLIVER TWIST, DAVID COPPERFIELD, A CHRITMAS CAROL MARK TWAIN-HUCK FINN, TOM SAWYER HARRIET BEECHER STOWE-UNCLE TOM’S CABIN