N 126 CARDIO CONCEPT MAPS Callie Whittington MSN

N 126 CARDIO {CONCEPT MAPS} Callie Whittington, MSN, RN Spring 2017

CH. 25 NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS

Cardiac Conduction System Cardiac Cycle

Electrocardiogram Graph Paper

P WAVE PR INTERVAL QRS COMPLEX Components of a cardiac cycle QRS INTERVAL T WAVE QT INTERVAL U WAVE ST SEGMENT

Step 1 • Regularity of the Rhythm Step 6 Step 2 • QT Interval • Heart Rate Interpretation Step 5 Step 3 • QRS Interval • P Waves Step 4 • PR Interval

1. 2. Normal Sinus Rhythm Description Normal Sinus Rhythm Rules 3. 4. 5.

Dysrhythmia s

Dysrhythmias Originating in the Sinoatrial Node

1. Sinus Bradycardia Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

1. Sinus Tachycardia Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

Dysrhythmias Originating in the Atria

1. Premature Atrial Contractions Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

1. Atrial Flutter Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

1. Atrial Fibrillation Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

1. Ventricular Dysrhythmias Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

1. Ventricular Tachycardia Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

1. Ventricular Fibrillation Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

1. Asystole Etiology 2. Rules 3. Signs and Symptoms 4. Therapeutic Measures 5.

Nursing Care Cardiac Pacemakers Permanent Pacemaker Implantation

Cardioversion

Other methods to correct dysrhythmias Automatic External Defibrillators Implantable Cardioverter

Nursing Process Data Collection ADPIE

CH. 26 NURSING CARE OF PATIENT WITH HEART FAILURE

Congestive Heart Failure OVERVIEW Left Sided Heart Failure Right-sided Heart Failure Pathophysiology

Mechanisms Compensatory

Pathophysiology Signs and Symptoms Pulmonary Edema (acute heart failure) Diagnostic Tests Therapeutic Measures Nursing Care

Chronic Heart Failure • Signs and Symptoms • Fatigue • Dyspnea • Cough • Crackles and Wheezes • Tachycardia • Chest Pain • Cheyne-Stokes Respiration • Edema • Anemia • Nocturia • Cyanosis • Altered Mental Status • Malnutrition • Complications • Diagnostic Tests • Therapeutic Measures • Oxygen Therapy • Activity • Sodium Restriction and Weight Control • Drug Therapy • ACE inhibitors • Angiotensin Receptor Blockers • Beta Blockers • Diuretics • Aldosterone Antagonists • Inotropic Agents • Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator • Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy • Mechanical Assistive Device • Intraortic Balloon Pump • Ventricular Assist Devices • Surgical Management • Nursing Care

Oxygen Rest and activity Positioning Data Collection Fluid retention ADPIE Oxygen Consumption Nursing Care for patient with chronic heart failure Medications Low sodium and weight control Education Coping

Cardiac Transplantation Surgical Procedure

Complications Therapeutic Measures Nutrition Notes Nursing Process (Preop) Coping Nursing Process (Postop)

CH. 23 (PEDS) The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction

Age Etiology and Characteristics Size Infectious Agents Resistance Clinical Manifestations Seasonal Variations Ease Respiratory Effort Respiratory Infection Promote Rest Promote Comfort Nursing Care Prevent spread of infection Reduce Body Temperature Promote Hydration Provide Nutrition Provide Family Support and Home Care

Acute Viral Nasopharyngiti s Therapeutic Management Prevention Nursing care management Family Support

Clinical manifestations Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management

Pathophysiolog y Etiology Tonsillitis Clinical manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Family Support and Home care

Clinical manifestations Influenza Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Prevention

Etiology Pathophysiolog y Otitis Media Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Prevention

Etiology and pathophysiolog y Infectious Mononucleosis Diagnostic Tests Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Prognosis

Croup Syndrome s

Clinical manifestation s Acute Epiglottitis Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management

Therapeutic Management Acute Laryngotracheobronchiti s Nursing Care Management

Acute Spasmodic Laryngitis

Bacterial Tracheitis Therapeutic Management and Nursing Care Management

Bronchiti s

Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Bronchiolitis • • Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management • Prevention of RSV • Nursing care management

Viral Pneumonias Primary Atypical Pneumonia Prevention Bacterial Pneumonia Complications Nursing Care management

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Diagnostic Evaluation Tuberculosis Therapeutic Managemen t Nursing Care Managemen t Prognosis Prevention

Diagnostic Evaluation Foreign Body Aspiration Therapeutic Managemen t Nursing Care Managemen t Prevention

Aspiration Pneumonia Nursing Care Managemen t

Pulmonary Edema Pathophysiolog y Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management

Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury Prognosis Nursing Care Management

Smoke inhalation injury Therapeutic Managemen t Nursing Care Managemen t

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure Nursing Care Management

Asthma • • Etiology Pathophysiology Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic management • Allergen Control • Drug Therapy • Exercise • Breathing exercises • Hyposensitization • Status asthmaticus • Prognosis • Nursing care management • Provide acute asthma care • Provide long-term asthma care • Avoid allergens • Relieve bronchospasm • Support child or adolescent and family

Cystic Fibrosis • Pathophysiology • Diagnostic Evaluation • Therapeutic management • Management of pulmonary problems • Management of gastrointestinal problems • Management of endocrine problems • Prognosis • Nursing care management • Hospital care • Home care • Family support • Transition to adulthood

Obstructiv e sleepdisordered breathing

Respiratory failure Diagnostic evaluation Therapeutic management Nursing care management

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation procedure • • • Pulse check Chest compression Open the airway Give breaths Medications

Airway obstruction Infants Children

CH. 25 (PEDS) THE CHILD WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION

Cardiopulmonar y dysfunction History and physical • Inspection • Palpation and percussion • Auscultation • Diagnostic evaluation • Electrocardiogram • Echocardiography • Cardiac catheterization Nursing Care Management • Preprocedural care • Postprocedur al care

Congenital Heart Disease Circulatory changes at birth Altered hemodynamics Classification of defects Defects with increased pulmonary blood flow Obstructive defects Defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow Mixed defects

Clinical consequences of congenital heart disease Heart Failure • • Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations Diagnostic evaluation Therapeutic management • Improve cardiac function • Remove accumulated fluid and sodium • Decrease cardiac demands • Improve tissue oxygenation • Nursing management • Assist in measures to improve cardiac function • Monitor afterload reduction • Decrease cardiac demands • Reduce respiratory distress • Maintain nutritional status • Assist in measures to promote fluid loss • Support child and family

Hypoxemia Clinical manifestation s Diagnostic evaluation Therapeutic management Nursing care management

Nursing care of the family and child with congenita l heart disease • Help the family adjust to the disorder • Educate the family about the disorder • Help the family manage the illness at home • Prepare the child and family for invasive procedures • Provide postoperative care • Observe vital signs • Maintain respiratory • Monitor fluids • Provide rest and progressive activity • Provide comfort and emotional support • Plan for discharge and home care

Pathophysiolog y Bacterial Endocarditis Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing care management

Etiology Rheumatic Fever Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Managemen t Nursing care managemen t

Diagnostic Evaluation Hyperlipidemi a Therapeutic Management Nursing care management

Cardiac dysrhythmias Diagnostic evaluation Bradydysrhythmia s Tachydysrhythmia s

Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Clinical manifestation s Therapeutic Management

Cardiomyopath y Therapeutic management Nursing care management

Nursing care management Heart transplantation

Etiology Vascular dysfunction Systemic hypertension Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic managemen t Nursing care managemen t

Pathophysiolog y Kawasaki Disease Clinical manifestations Therapeutic management Nursing care management Cardiac involvement Discharge teaching Long-term follow-up

Pathophysiolog y Shock Diagnostic evaluation Therapeutic management Nursing care management Ventilatory support Cardiovascular support

Anaphylaxis Pathophysiolog y Therapeutic management Clinical manifestations Nursing care management

Septic shock

Toxic shock syndrome Diagnostic evaluation Therapeutic management Nursing care management