Matter and Change What is Matter Matter is

Matter and Change

What is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Physical Properties A property that can be observed and measured without changing the substance.

Physical Properties What are some physical properties? Examples: • luster • malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet • ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire • melting point • boiling point • density • solubility • specific heat

Physical Changes A change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance

Physical Changes

Physical Changes Some physical changes would be boiling of a liquid melting of a solid dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.

States of Matter Substance Shape Volume Particle Movement Solid Definite Fixed particles (Vibrate) Liquid Indefinite Definite Free to move pass each other Gas Indefinite Movement is faster & far apart

Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the type of substance.

Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction Transformation of one or more substances into a different substance with different properties. You can not get the original substance back

Likely Signs of a Chemical Change Heat or light produced Production of a gas Color change Formation of a precipitate – a solid formed by mixing two liquids together

Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction Examples of a chemical change: q. Iron rusts or oxidizes q. Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide q. Neutralization of acid with a base q. Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis) q. Electrolysis of water q. Hydrolysis of water

Physical vs Chemical Physical Change Verbs melt/boil/evaporate Dissolve Chop/grind/tear Easily reversed. Does not absorb or release energy. Does NOT lose its identity (still there) Color(paint)/bend/twist Chemical Change Verbs Digest Cook/bake/fry Rust/corrode Oxidize/reduce Rot/spoil Decompose/decay Not easily reversed Energy absorbed or released. Burn/combust/ignite Electrolysis or Hydrolysis

Learning Check Physical or Chemical Property? melting point flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air solubility Ø Physical Ø Chemical Ø Physical

Learning Check Physical or Chemical Change? Potassium chlorate ØChemical decomposing dissolving in water burning a log water evaporating grinding spices formation of a precipitate Boiling water ØPhysical ØChemical ØPhysical

C lass ifica ti on of Pro p e rt ie s Extensive properties Depend upon the amount of matter present Ex: mass, volume, heat energy, length

Cla s s if ic a tion of P ro p e rtie s Intensive properties Do not depend upon the amount of matter present, and remains constant Ex: density, boiling, freezing, melting points, conductivity, solubility, magnetism

Mixtures and Pure Substances

Matter Flowchart PURE SUBSTANCE yes Compound Can it be chemically decomposed? no Element

Metalloids Metals Nonmetals

One type of Pure Substance Elements- simplest kind of matter All one kind of atom 110 named elements H, O, Cu, Fe, He, Ne Based on this definition is H 2 an element?

The other type of Pure Substance Compounds are substances that can be broken down by a chemical change Atoms of two or more different elements that have been combined in a fixed proportion. H 2 O, Na. Cl, Ca. CO 3,

Element or Compound Sucrose- C 6 H 12 O 6 Copper- Cu Hydrochloric acid- HCl Copper(II) chloride. Cu. Cl 2 Oxygen Potassium- O 2 K Compound Element

Matter Flowchart MIXTURE yes Is the composition uniform? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) no Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixtures Made up of two or more substances. Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition Hetero means different

Mi xt ure s Homogeneous- same composition throughout. Solution – a homogenous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juice

Alloys Alloy- homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements Examples Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni Brass – Cu & Zn 14 K, 10 K, 18 K Gold

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Homogeneous Milk. Heterogeneous Sugar water. Heterogeneous Trail mix Salt water solution- Homogeneous Steel. Homogeneous

Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous Titanium Copper(II) sulfate Cheeseburger Calcium chloride Lithium nitrate solution- Calcium Acetone Brass- Element Compound Hetero Mixture Compound Homo Mixture Element Homo mixture-alloy

Matter Flowchart MATTER yes Is the composition uniform? Can it be physically separated? no yes no Can it be chemically decomposed? no

Matter Flowchart MATTER yes MIXTURE yes Is the composition uniform? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) no Can it be physically separated? PURE SUBSTANCE no Heterogeneous Mixture yes Can it be chemically decomposed? Compound no Element

Classwork Element, Compound, Mixture Worksheet Complete back of worksheet in class.

Se pa r a ti on Tec h n iqu e s Filtration-physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids

Distillation

Fractional Distillation the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, using their boiling point and heating them to different temperatures

Chro mato grap hy techn sepa iques for the rat io n of m The vario ixture u of th e mi x s constit s. uent tur e differ s t rave ent s l at peed t hem s, c a to se usin para g t e.

Exit t i icket

Exit Ticket Sodium bicarbonate- Compound Kool-Aid- Homogeneous mixture 10 K gold- Homo mixture- alloy Helium gas- Element Sand, salt, and iron- Hetero mixture Sand- Compound Four corners- Move to a different corner of the classroom and determine each type of matter.