Chapter 2 Matter and Change Chemistry pg 38
- Slides: 25
Chapter 2 Matter and Change Chemistry pg. 38
2. 1 Properties of Matter • Properties used to describe matter are classified as: 1. Extensive – depends on the amount of matter in a sample ex. Mass, volume 2. Intensive – depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount ex. Color, hardness, boiling point
Substance • Matter that has a uniform and definite composition ex. Gold, copper (pure substances) Every sample has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition
Physical Property • A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition • Help chemists identify substances • Hardness • Color • Conductivity • Malleability (see Table 2. 1, Pg. 40)
Three states of matter • Solid-definite shape, volume, not easily compressed • Liquid-indefinite shape, flows, definite volume, almost incompressible • Gas-indefinite shape, indefinite volume, easily compressed • http: //www. chem. purdue. edu/gchelp/liquids/ character. html
Physical Changes • Properties of a material change but the composition does not ex. Boil, freeze, melt, condense AND break, split, grind, cut, crush Physical changes can be REVERSIBLE or IRREVERSIBLE
2. 2 Mixtures • Physical blend of 2 or more components ex. Chicken noodle soup, air Mixtures can be classified as… HETEROGENOUS or HOMOGENOUS (based on distribution of components)
Matter can be Heterogeneous • The composition is not uniform throughout • More than one phase…so it’s a mixture -Phase – any region with a uniform set of properties that can be separated from each other by definite boundaries called interfaces
Matter can be Homogeneous • The composition is uniform throughout, evenly distributed • Only one phase
Identify the following • Concrete _____________ • Vinegar______________ • Carbon dioxide___________ • Granite rock____________ • Milk________________
Separating mixtures • Distillation - a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor which is condensed into a liquid Other ways? distillation • How to perform simple distillation in the chemistry lab | Wonder How To
2. 3 Elements and Compounds • Substances classified as 1. _____- simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties (O, H) 2. ______- substance that contains 2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion (C 6 H 12 O 6)
• Compounds can be broken down by _______ means. • Elements cannot be broken down • Chemical change produces matter with a different composition than the original matter Sugar Carbon + Water
Properties of Compounds • Generally, properties of compounds are different from their component elements • Sodium - soft, gray metal, reacts with oxygen + • Chlorine - yellow-green poisonous gas Sodium chloride Reaction
Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures • If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance examples? • If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture examples?
Classifying Matter
• Classify the following materials as an element, compound, or mixture. a. Table salt b. Salt water c. Sodium
Symbols and Formulas • Chemical symbols O, C, Na, Ne elements • Chemical formulas CO 2 , H 2 O compounds
2. 4 Chemical Reactions • Chemical Property – the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change (describes the way a substance may react to form other substances) examples? - can be observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change
• Fig. 2. 13 (pg. 53) Chemical reaction S + Fe *physical - composition of matter never changes *chemical – composition of matter always changes Chemical change = chemical reaction Reactants Products
• Chemical change = chemical reaction (one or more substances change into one or more new substances) Reactants Products
Recognizing Chemical Changes 4 Ways: 1. Color change 2. Formation of precipitate 3. Production of gas 4. Transfer of energy
• Precipitate an insoluble substance that forms in, and separates from, a solution
Identify clues for chemical changes magnesium ribbon in flame Sodium iodide solution added to mercury(II) chloride solution
Law of Conservation of Mass • In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is __conserved_______. mass of products = mass of reactants
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