Chapter 2 Matter Change Matter vs Mass Matter

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Chapter 2 --Matter & Change Matter vs. Mass • Matter is anything that has

Chapter 2 --Matter & Change Matter vs. Mass • Matter is anything that has _____ mass and takes up ______. space liquids and ____. . . solids _____, gases Examples: ____, (the three phases of matter) emotions sound. . . light • Things that are NOT matter: _____, heat, ____, matter • Mass is the amount of ______ in an object. kilogram • The standard metric unit for mass is the _______.

Plasma • Plasma is a high energy electrically charged mixture of ions and electrons.

Plasma • Plasma is a high energy electrically charged mixture of ions and electrons. _____ Stars are made of plasma. • While plasma is the most abundant phase of matter in the universe, on earth it only occurs in a few limited places: • Lightning bolts • Flames • Fluorescent lights • Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)

Bose-Einstein Condensate • Predicted in 1924 and created in 1995, the BEC is a

Bose-Einstein Condensate • Predicted in 1924 and created in 1995, the BEC is a small group of atoms clumped together when taken down to a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero. • This group of atoms takes up the same place, creating a "super atom. " There are no longer thousands of separate atoms. • They all take on the same qualities and for our purposes become one blob. Einstein Bose http: //www. colorado. edu/physics/2000/bec/ 400 nano. Kelvins 200 n. K 50 n. K

States of Matter phase fixed shape fixed volume compressible solid YES NO NO NO

States of Matter phase fixed shape fixed volume compressible solid YES NO NO NO YES liquid gas Particle Motion • • vibrate Solids-- particles ______ back and forth in fixed positions slide past each other in the container Liquids-- clumps of particles ______ fly all over the place and collide Gases-- individual particles _________ Vapor is a term used for a gaseous substance that is normally a ____ solid or _______ liquid at room temperature. ) Example: _______ water vapor

States of Matter

States of Matter

Physical Changes: Names of the Phase Changes Solid Gas Liquid Solid Aqueous = ______

Physical Changes: Names of the Phase Changes Solid Gas Liquid Solid Aqueous = ______ dissolving Aqueous Solid = ______ crystallizing

Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physical properties can be determined/measured without changing the

Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physical properties can be determined/measured without changing the substance’s composition. color odor, _____, density taste Examples: _______, mass, ____, melting _____ point, hardness, boiling point, ______ solubility, etc. • Physical Changes alter a substance without changing its composition. Examples: crushing, ripping, breaking, and any _____ phase changes…(boiling, freezing, melting, etc. ) • Most physical changes just alter the size of the particles and are usually reversible.

Physical Properties

Physical Properties

 • Mixtures are a physical blend of two or more substances mixed together.

• Mixtures are a physical blend of two or more substances mixed together. ” The parts can be separated by _______ means or physical changes. ______ There are 2 types of mixtures: Heterogeneous Mixtures: the parts mixed together can still be (1) _________ distinguished from one another. . . NOT uniform in composition. dirt sand in water Examples: chicken soup, fruit salad, _____, Homogeneous (2) _________ Mixtures: the parts mixed together cannot be distinguished from one another. . . completely uniform in composition. Brass Air Kool-aid, ____, Examples: ______, salt water, milk • Another term for a homogeneous mixture is a “_______. ” solution

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous Mixtures

 • Distillation One way to separate a _____ solid from a ______ liquid

• Distillation One way to separate a _____ solid from a ______ liquid in a solution is by distillation. There are 2 steps to the process: Boil the solution. Step 1: _____ Condense Step 2: ________ the vapor as is escapes and collect it. Distillation Animation

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemical properties cannot be determined/measured without changing the

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemical properties cannot be determined/measured without changing the substance’s composition burning Examples: ______, whether or not it reacts with an acid or a base. Chemical Changes • Chemical changes will alter a substance and change its composition. rusting Examples: burning, ______, rotting or decomposing, _________, and other chemical fermenting reactions. • Most, but not all, chemical changes are irreversible. • You can’t “reverse” the burning of paper. Rechargeable ______ batteries use a reversible chemical reaction • _______

Indications of Chemical Reactions Heat is produced: (____) matches 1) ____ Light is produced:

Indications of Chemical Reactions Heat is produced: (____) matches 1) ____ Light is produced: (_______ lightning fireflies 2) ____ bugs/_______) Electricity 3) _______ is produced: (_______) batteries

Indications of Chemical Reactions Precipitate soap ____) scum 4) __________ forms: (_______ Two liquids

Indications of Chemical Reactions Precipitate soap ____) scum 4) __________ forms: (_______ Two liquids chemically react to form a solid. 5) gas/smoke/odor/bubbles produced: soda fizz (______)

Elements vs. Compounds • broken changed An element cannot be ______ down or _______

Elements vs. Compounds • broken changed An element cannot be ______ down or _______ into simpler substances by chemical means. • simplest forms of matter that can exists in Elements are the _____ normal laboratory conditions. Gold Helium, _____ Mercury Examples: _______, • 2 or ____ more different elements A compound is made up of ____ chemically bonded together. _______ • Compounds can only be broken down into simpler substances by ______ chemical ______. reactions Water Sand, ________ Na. Cl (table salt) Examples: _______,

Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter