JANUARY 2006 doc IEEE 802 22 050097 r

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 IEEE 802. 22 WRAN Standard PHY/MAC Proposal IEEE P 802. 22 Wireless RANs Date: 2005 -11 -07 Authors: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802. 22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802. 22. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http: //standards. ieee. org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws. pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard. " Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802. 22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at patcom@iee. org. > Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 1

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Abstract In this presentation, we provide a technical overview of our full proposal for the Physical (PHY) layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of the IEEE 802. 22 Wireless Regional Networks (WRAN) Standard. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 2

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 OFDMA based PHY proposal Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 3

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Proposal Outline: PHY • • Requirements & OFDMA basic Features PHY preliminary proposal Base-Band processing chain Down-Link Up-Link Hybrid ARQ Diversity Schemes Simulation Results Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 4

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Key design Considerations OFDMA (2 k FFT) on both Uplink and Downlink enabling a highly flexible and dynamic network resource management, handling of multipath, efficient cellular rollout, efficient multiple access operation and handling of narrow channels (voice) as well as broadband channels (video, data), other key features: • Use of 6 MHz channel BW or two adjunct 6 MHz channels • Power concentration (up to 15 db) to boost selective sub-channels to increase range • Efficient use of operator spectrum resources • Brick wall spectral mask • Supports adaptive modulation on a per sub-channel basis • Excellent handling of interference -- Narrow band interference is rejected through frequency domain processing, while Burst interference is rejected by virtue of the OFDMA symbol length and the per sub-channel interleaving • Provide bandwidth to many subscribers simultaneously • OFDMA supports advanced ranging based on identification of CDMA codes Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 5

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 OFDMA basic features Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 6

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 OFDM Spectrum As the FFT size gets bigger, the spectral mask improves, the amount of Guard Interval needed to mitigate the channel reduces, and the phase noise demands increase (there is no implementation problem). Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 7

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 OFDMA-TDMA Principles Using OFDMA/TDMA, Sub Channels are allocated in the Frequency Domain, and OFDM Symbols allocated in the Time Domain. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 8

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link OFDMA Symbol (example) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 9

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 PHY preliminary proposal Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 10

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Basics Duplexing Technique • TDD Multiple Access Method • TDMA/OFDMA OFDM Symbols allocated by TDMA Sub-Carriers within an OFDM Symbol allocated by OFDMA Diversity • Frequency, Time, Code, Space Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 11

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Duplexing - Principles TDD (Time Division Duplexing) Uses the same frequency for the Downlink and the Uplink. In any configuration, the access method is OFDMA/TDMA. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 12

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Frame Structure § Allowing Flexibility in DL/UL segmentation § 3 possible Preamble structure § FCH and MAP transmitted in PUSC (for better coverage) § Flexible Subchannels allocation per sector on a frame by frame basis § All zones are flexible to produce any scenario needed (reuse =1, reuse < 1, STC/AAS) § Zone may be used as broadcast [SFN] with permutation adjustment § STC/AAS may be combined with regular mode of operation Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 13

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Preambles § 3 possible Preamble structure, more than 114 preambles over all § Preambles are designed for low PAPR (about 5 d. B or less) § Preambles are boosted due to low PAPR § Preambles are used for channel estimation, frequency estimation, timing estimation and cell monitoring Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 14

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Base-Band Processing Chain Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 15

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Base-Band Processing Chain • • • Randomization Coding – Tail Biting Convolutional coding (mandatory) – CTC/BTC/Zero Tail Convolutional coding (optional) Block size depend on code/modulation/coding rate used and HARQ usage Block size is enlarged as allocation get bigger, limited by a law to constrain decoder complexity (concatenation rules) Bit-Interleaving over each encoded block Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 16

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link/Up. Link Block Diagram Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 17

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Coding Schemes • Dual binary CTC – The best solution for high coding gain using small blocks. – Reduced decoding power per bit compared to regular CTC. – Gives very good performance even for small number of iterations Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 18

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down-Link Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 19

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Reuse There are two basic modes of operation: • Reuse smaller then 1: Sub-Channels (SC) are divided up to 3 Logical-Bands PUSC (Partial use of SC), the structure enables each Logical-Band to have the frequency diversity properties of the full channel, but using only a part of the frequency carriers. The splitting will enable to boost the transmitted carriers on the expense of the un-transmitted carriers ~(4. 8 d. B). • Reuse Of 1: Using PUSC or FUSC (Full use of SC) where all subchannels are used. Cell configuration differ by different permutation enabling a reuse of 1. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 20

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Using Special Permutations for carrier allocation • The Carriers of each Sub-Channel are spread all over the usable frequency for best frequency diversity. • The allocation by permutation gives an excellent Reuse factor - almost 1. • The allocation by permutation give an excellent interference spreading and averaging. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 21

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link Allocation example (each color - different allocation) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 22

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Power Control • Forward APC per Sub-Channel • Improves the coverage and reduces the interference between sectors in both Uplink and Downlink • Enabling the same link budget in the Uplink, for a much smaller PA at the user side Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 23

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Up-Link Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 24

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link Specification • FFT size : 2048 • Guard Intervals : ¼, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 • Coding : Convolutional/Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC)/BTC, with coding rates = ½, 2/3, ¾, 5/6 • Additional repetition coding of X 2, X 4 and X 6 • QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM adaptive modulation • Different Preamble structure for each sector • Pilots embedded within the Symbol Structure(FUSC), or associated per allocation of subchannels (PUSC). • 60 Sub-Channels of 48 data subcarriers each (PUSC) • 32 Sub-Channels of 48 data carriers each (FUSC) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 25

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link Specification • Slot Structure is defined differently in each mode: one Sub-channel in the Frequency domain and 1 OFDMA time symbols in the time domain (FUSC), one Sub. Channel in the frequency domain and two OFDMA symbols in the time domain (PUSC). Each slot consists of 48 data modulated carriers. • Adaptive Modulation and Coding per Allocation in the Down-Link • Forward APC controlling (+9 d. B) – (-18 d. B) digital gain on the transmitted Sub-Channel Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 26

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link 1 § Planned for best Speed / delay spread performance § Each Cluster can be estimated by itself (self contained) § Major Groups include 24/16 clusters (12/8 Subchannels), for an overall 60 Subchannels § 60 permutations are possible § Subchannel carriers are spread all over the specific Major Group’s clusters using RS permutation § Clusters are spread all over the spectrum using a permutation Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 27

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link Subcarriers allocation 1. Dividing the subcarriers into 120 physical clusters. Each cluster contains 14 adjunct subcarriers: Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 28

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Down. Link 2 § Planned for best Speed / delay spread performance § Planned for a reuse of 1 § Pilot periodicity of 2 symbols § 32 Subchannels per symbol § 32 permutations are possible § Subchannel carriers are spread all over the spectrum using RS series § All Symbol is estimated as a contiguous block Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 29

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Up. Link Specification • FFT size : 2048 • Guard Intervals : ¼, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 • Coding : Convolutional/Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC)/BTC, with coding rates = 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 • Additional repetition coding of X 2, X 4 and X 6 • PUSC/O-PUSC/AMC/TUSC Subchannel structures • QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM modulation • 6 Tiles per slot (PUSC), 6 Tiles per slot (O-PUSC - optional), 6 Bins per slot (AMC – optional) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 30

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Up. Link Specification • User Can be allocated 1 up to the maximum mini/regular Sub-Channels allocated to the sector • Ranging Sub-Channels for User Ranging and fast Band. Width Request by using CDMA over OFDMA technique. • Supporting optional Space Time Coding employing Alamouti STC and MIMO operation. • Supporting optional Adaptive Array. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 31

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Up. Link Data Mapping § Mapping is performed in time axis first, per allocation, for the length of the UL relevant zone § Mapping needs only one axis of description (saves signaling overhead) § Mapping takes advantage of concentration as much as possible Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics the power 32

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Up-Link CDMA on OFDMA Ranging and Bandwidth request Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 33

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Using CDMA like modulation for Ranging • The CDMA like synchronization is achieved by allocating several of the usable Sub-Channels for the Ranging process, the logic unit they consist is called a Ranging Sub -Channel. • Onto the Ranging Sub-Channel users modulate a Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence using BPSK modulation • The Base Station detects the different sequences and uses the CIR that he derives from the sequences for: – Time and power synchronization – Decide on the user modulation and coding Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 34

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Ranging Signals • Using CDMA over OFDMA modulation • ranging designed for Reuse of 1 and Reuse <1 • Short ranging is used for BW request and periodic ranging • Amount of Codes for each purpose is set by the MAC • Each sector has its own ranging codes • Using 144 Subcarriers as the basic transmission block (6 data Subchannels of the mandatory UL mode) • BPSK modulation onto used carriers Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 35

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 OFDMA using large FFT – The best Solution • • • Using the CDMA over OFDMA ranging method enables: A very robust mechanism for ranging The same mechanism for timing and power ranging A very efficient mechanism for maintenance ranging A very efficient mechanism for bandwidth request Latency is improved by factor of 4, efficiency by factor of 6 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 36

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 37

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 HARQ Operation • To be used to overcome unknown channel conditions. • Whenever the first transmitted block fails to decode, the decoder use the ACK/NACK protocol to request additional portion of the encoded block. • Second transmission of the block may be a repetition of the first one and/or additional parity bits. • The decoder combines the sum of all transmission and attempts to decode. This scheme is repeated until successful or dropped by the MAC layer. • Incremental Redundancy (IR) and Chase combining HARQ schemes. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 38

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 ACK/NACK generated in the PHY layer Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 39

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Diversity Schemes Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 40

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 OFDMA space-time coding • Transmit diversity (BST) • Receive diversity (BST) – Use two receive chains – Combine the signals in the frequency domain – Equivalent channel response combines the best of both receive chains • Diversity gain is 5 -20 d. B (omni antennas) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 41

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 STC Subcarrier modulation IFFT Filter DAC RF Tx diversity encoder IFFT input packing Tx Rx RF Submission DAC Filter FFT Diversity Combiner Subchannel demod. Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics Log. Likelihood ratios Decoder 42

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Receive Diversity Sub-Channel Allocation Subcarrier modulation IFFT Filter DAC RF Tx Rx Submission RF DAC Filter FFT Diversity Combiner Subchannel demod. Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics Log. Likelihood ratios Decoder 43

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Simulation Results Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 44

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 2 K FFT OFDMA Optimized for 5 MHz BW Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 45

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 2 K FFT OFDMA Optimized for 10 MHz BW Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 46

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 UL throughput measurement setup (Maximum throughput) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 47

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 UL Test Results Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 48

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 PER tests set up (experimental equipment ) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 49

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 UL PER test results (Packet size=512 bytes, measurement time for each modulation 7 minutes) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 50

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Adjacent (Alternate) channel rejection BST receiver selectivity channel set up Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 51

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Using a Reuse Factor of 1 By allocating different Sub-Channels to different sectors we can reach a reuse factor of 1 with up to 12 sectors (changing the polarity enhances the performance) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 52

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Coverage Patterns 1 frequency, 2 frequencies 1 Frequency C/I = 2 - 10 d. B Submission 2 Frequencies C/I = 10 -29 d. B Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 53

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Coverage Patterns 3 frequencies, 6 frequencies 3 Frequencies C/I = 18 -30 d. B Submission 6 Frequencies C/I = 22 -30+ d. B Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 54

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Applicable Spectrum mask (DVB-RCT, 2 k. FFT) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 55

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Working with Different Interferers Partial Band Jamming and Coexistence with IEEE 802. 11 a, Hiper. LAN 2 systems – • Interference detection combined with smart ECC, enabling erasures on disturbed carriers • The OFDMA (2 k mode) has a 15 d. B “processing gain” against wide band Jammers or other 802. 11 a, Hiper. LAN 2 interferers Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 56

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 WRAN Sensing scheme • Scanning of +/- 8 channels from both sides of WRAN operating channel • 50 steps of 2 MHz each fed to the tuner • Extracting signal signature within the scanned band will take 15 msec Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 57

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 MAC Proposal Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 58

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Proposal Outline • Network Entry and Initialization – 802. 16 based solutions • Class of Services and Quality of Services – 802. 16 based solutions • Support for Interference Mitigation and Coexistence – New solutions proposed • OA&M Support – To be defined • Base Station and CPE Address Space – 802. 16 based solutions Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 59

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Support for Interference Mitigation and Coexistence • Protections of licensed incumbent services – RF Sensing Control – DFS Messaging Control • LE systems coexistence and sharing – Spectrum sharing mechanism – Inter-system communications Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 60

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Protections of Licensed Incumbent Services Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 61

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 RF Sensing Control • Objectives – Licensed incumbent protection guarantee – 802. 22 system Qo. S guarantee • Possible Solutions – RF sensing separated with data transmissions – RF sensing overlapped with data transmissions Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 62

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 RF Sensing in Quiet Periods Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 63

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 RF Sensing in Quiet Periods • Advantages – Reliable RF sensing • Disadvantages – Data services interruption • Transmission Latency – Low system utilization • System throughput Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 64

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 RF Sensing overlapped with Data Transmissions • Proposal – Selective RF Sensing with simultaneous data transmissions • Properties – Continuous data transmissions – “Full” system utilization – RF sensing performed on selective spectrum that reliable sensing can be achieved Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 65

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Selective RF Sensing • Guard bands – guarantee reliable sensing – Variable, depending on sensing techniques, tx power, incumbent, etc. • Adaptive spectrum selection for RF sensing – Optimizing the sensing reliability and Qo. S using intelligent control algorithms – Band to sense, number of channels to sense Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 66

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 quency Hopping with Simultaneous Selective • • Validation time – The latest time a channel is validated to be vacant Grace period – The maximum period of time a incumbent can tolerate interference for LE operations, from the beginning of the incumbent’s operations Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 67

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 DFH Operation Cycle • During a DFH operation cycle – BS schedules the system to switch (hop) to channel (set) A – BS and CPEs perform data transmissions on channel (set) A – BS performs, and schedules CPEs to perform spectrum sensing on channel [0, A-n] and [A+n, N] – CPEs report sensing measurement results – BS performs report processing – BS performs channel selection and acquisition – BS announces DFS decision for the next operation cycle Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 68

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Frequency Hopping Collision Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 69

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 DFH Collision Avoidance Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 70

JANUARY 2006 Submission doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 71

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 DFH/CA + Selective Sensing on Multiple Channels Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 72

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 DFS Messaging Control Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 73

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Spectrum Sensing Results • Detect 4 channel conditions: 1. 2. 3. 4. Licensed incumbent occupied Another 802. 22 system occupied Noisy Vacated/clean • Sensing reports – Bit-vector and on-request raw data – Balancing efficiency and accuracy of sensing reports • Validation time – For non-incumbent-occupied channels Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 74

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Report Scheduling • Polling – BS polls CPEs to report through uplink (UL) MAP that schedules TX opportunities for CPE reporting – the UL MAP may provide redundant transmission opportunities for CPE’s reporting • Poll-me – CPE requests for reporting, 1 -bit flag in BW request PDU • Contention – CPE requests for reporting or sends report via contention opportunities (contention sub-channel/window) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 75

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Report ACK and Re-scheduling • Explicit report reschedule – The BS re-schedules those CPEs from which it failed to receive the sensing reports in a subsequent UL MAP • Implicit report acknowledgement – The BS ACKs the successful reports by not scheduling in a subsequent UL MAP those CPEs from which it received their sensing reports Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 76

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 DFS Decision • DFS decision-making – The BS decides the valid channels to be used for the whole system in the next DFH period by summarizing all measurement reports – Decisions could be made by as simple as logical ORs • DFS decision announcement – DFS decision shall be announced to all CPEs in the system, and to all neighbour BSs. • Adjustment to prevent defective decisions – BS adjusts DFS decisions according to feedbacks from CPEs and neighbour BSs Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 77

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Support for Interference Mitigation and Coexistence • Protections of licensed incumbent services – RF Sensing Control – DFS Messaging Control • LE systems coexistence and sharing – Spectrum sharing mechanism – Inter-system communications Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 78

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Co-existence of 802. 22 Systems • Objectives – Fair and efficient spectrum sharing mechanism – Efficient inter-system communications for collaborative coexistence • Proposals – On-demand Spectrum Contention • Spectrum contention mechanism with integration of DFS and TPC – Logical control connections • Over-the-air + over-the-backhaul Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 79

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Spectrum Sharing Mechanism – On-Demand Spectrum Contention Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 80

JANUARY 2006 Submission doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 81

JANUARY 2006 Submission doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 82

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Properties of ODSC: Efficiency • Low coexistence overhead – Coexistence overhead is only incurred on demand (no constant O/H) – Low overhead inter-system communications that are overlapping with data transmissions • Low coexistence complexity – Simple contention mechanism – Distributed decision-making -- scalable Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 83

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Properties of ODSC: Adaptation • Highly adaptive – Internal demand: channel conditions and workload conditions – External demand: coexistence (spectrum contention) requests Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 84

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Properties of ODSC: Fairness • Contention based – Fair spectrum access for every system at any moment • Iterative process – Long-term global (multi-system) fairness Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 85

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Inter-System Communications – Logical Control Connections Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 86

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Logical Control Connections (LCC) • Over-the-air logical control connection • Over-the-backhaul logical control connection • Low overhead – Bandwidth, latency, HW/SW complexity Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 87

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Over-the-air Logical Control Connections • Key Concepts – Bridge-CPE – Co-existence Connection, with Co-existence Association – Over-the-air control connection = service connection + coexistence connection Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 88

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Bridge CPE • Located in the overlapping area of two cells • Associated with one BS (service BS) through service connections; • Associated with another BS (coexistence BS) through coexistence connections (for coexistence communications only) Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 89

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Co-existence Connections • Regular connections carry co-existence communications • Established and maintained – Between a bridge CPE and the coexistence BS (C-BS) on request by the service BS (S-BS) – Between two BSs (if S-BS is within the arrange of C-BS and S-BS behaves as a CPE of C-BS in such case) – On channels occupied by the coexistence BS • Establishment/maintenance performed along with service data transmission – Ranging, connection acquisition – Controlled by S-BS and shall be guaranteed that they are not co-scheduled with service communications Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 90

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 LCC Between Two Base Stations Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 91

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Over-the-Air Co-existence Communications via LCC • S-BS communicates with C-BS for co-existence via B-CPE as a relay – Communications via Service connection + coexistence connection – S-BS controls the coexistence operations between B-CPE and C-BS • Coexistence communications – Messaging for spectrum contention/negotiation, – Sensing measurement sharing, – Operation parameter announcement Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 92

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Coexistence Communications Control Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 93

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Over-the-Backhaul LCC Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 94

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Co-existence Management Entity Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 95

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Co-existence Management Messages Source Base Station Destination Base Station MAC Coexist. ME MAC Set (MIBParams); Set(MIBParams, DST); Set(MIBParams, SRC); Reqest(Coexist. Mesg, DST); Request(Coexist. Mesg, SRC); Get(MIBParams, DST); Get(MIBParams, SRC); MAC Coexist. ME MAC Respond 2 Set(MIBParams); Respond 2 Set(MIBParams, DST); Respond 2 Set(MIBParams, SRC); Respond 2 Reqest(Coexist. Mesg, DST); Respond 2 Request(Coexist. Mesg, SRC); Respond 2 Get(MIBParams, DST); Respond 2 Get(MIBParams, SRC); Source Coexist. ME Destination Coexist. ME Set (MIBParams, SRC, DST); Respond 2 Reqest(Coexist. Mesg, SRC, DST); Get(MIBParams, SRC, DST); Respond 2 Get(MIBParams, SRC, DST); Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 96

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Conclusion (MAC) • Complete and efficient MAC solutions for interference mitigation and coexistence support • Protections of licensed incumbent services – RF Sensing Control – DFS Messaging Control • LE systems coexistence and sharing – Spectrum sharing mechanism – Inter-system communications Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 97

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Questions and Answers Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 98

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Updates on the MAC Proposal • Selective Overlapping Channel Sensing + Dynamic Frequency Hopping – Recap & Responses to related questions • Dynamic Frequency Hopping works with On-Demand Spectrum Contention – Further explanations • Performance Simulation Results – Modeling and evaluation of feasibility, fairness, and efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing mechanism (ODSC) – Methodology – Results Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 99

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Selective Overlapping Sensing • It is one of the essential concepts in our proposal – In order to avoid sacrificing Qo. S of the WRAN Systems for channel sensing • It is a General concept – Guard band: positive (up to infinite), negative (in-band), zero – Operation band: single or multiple channels – Quiet sensing scheme is just a special case of it. • For example: infinite positive guard band – no overlapping of sensing and transmi Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 100

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Dynamic Frequency Hopping • DFS control based on Selective Overlapping Sensing • It also a General concept – Hop to another channel – Hop to no channel (as in the quiet sensing case in quiet periods) – Hop to the same channel (as in the quiet sensing case after quiet periods) • To answer the question: “what if only a single channel available? ” – WRAN first would HOP to “no channel” and perform sensing on the channel, then HOP to “the same channel” if it is still good – the same as in the regular quiet sensing schemes. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 101

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Dynamic Frequency Hopping • To answer the Question: “Over designed in our proposal? ” • Maybe! Because we aimed to provide a DFH solution for somehow “Difficult Case” scenarios, assuming: – Guard Band containing multiple channels; – Operation Band (spectrum in-use) containing multiple channels; – Sensing time in the order of mini seconds • So, using a quiet period for such scenarios would be infeasible • But this is by no mean the only way DFH technique can be applied to a system with different assumptions. Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 102

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 RF Sensing in Quiet Periods Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 103

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Efficiency of Quiet Sensing Scheme • Efficiency issue with respect to channel utilization – As indicated in the previous slide • The issue could become significant or not negligible in case the sum of the sensing time of DFS messaging time is comparable to the time of sensing period. • Isn’t it possible that incumbents would ask for a sensing period of much less then 2 seconds? • How efficient are our sensing techniques and DFS messaging scheme going to be? Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 104

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Dynamic Frequency Hopping Together with On-Demand Spectrum Contention Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 105

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Simulations for Performance Evaluations • Evaluating the Feasibility, Fairness, and Efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing mechanism (ODSC) • Simulation Methodology – Tool • Network Simulator (NS 2: http: //www. isi. edu/nsnam/ns/ ) – Evaluation Metrics • Channel Occupation Time (Throughput); • Service Interruption Time (Minimum Service Delay) • Simulation Scenarios – 9 Operation Scenarios are evaluated; – Simulation Parameters • • Submission Simulation Time: 6000 seconds Channel check period: 1 ms Channel release grace period: 10 ms Single-channel operation Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 106

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #1 Single channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 2999. 774802 3000. 2249981 0. 032000 0. 012002 WRAN 1 3000. 174002 2999. 825698 249981 0. 032000 0. 012000 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 107

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #2 Single channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 2000. 492015 3999. 507785 181850 0. 137000 0. 0219934 WRAN 1 2001. 196509 3998. 803191 181907 0. 135000 0. 0219827 WRAN 2 1998. 255730 4001. 743870 181698 0. 145000 0. 0220241 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 108

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #3 Single channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 1503. 2030057 4496. 7967943 140944 0. 2240001 0. 0319048 WRAN 1 1497. 9426565 4502. 0570435 140433 0. 2330001 0. 0320584 WRAN 2 1501. 0699270 4498. 9296730 140731 0. 2260001 0. 0319683 WRAN 3 1497. 7269596 4502. 2725404 140405 0. 2570001 0. 0320663 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 109

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #4 Single channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 2996. 0080237 3003. 9917763 261763 0. 0190001 0. 0114760 WRAN 1 2996. 8639237 3003. 1357763 261763 0. 0180001 0. 0114727 WRAN 2 2966. 8684238 3033. 1311762 261762 0. 0190001 0. 0115874 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 110

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #5 Single channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 2964. 2673193 3035. 7324807 264806 0. 0160001 0. 0114640 WRAN 1 2963. 7925194 3036. 2071806 264806 0. 0170001 0. 0114658 WRAN 2 2963. 8401193 3036. 1594807 264806 0. 0160001 0. 0114656 WRAN 3 2964. 3003194 3035. 6991806 264806 0. 0160001 0. 0114639 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 111

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #6 Single channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 2339. 0349329 3660. 9648671 211672 0. 2000001 0. 0172855 WRAN 1 1793. 2094443 4206. 7902557 162556 0. 7620001 0. 0258790 WRAN 2 2339. 9367243 3660. 0628757 211758 0. 2000001 0. 0172842 WRAN 3 1794. 3465324 4205. 6529676 162678 0. 5570001 0. 0258526 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 112

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #7 Double channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRA N 0 5999. 9987 999 0. 0010001 1 0. 0010001 WRA N 1 5999. 9986 999 0. 0010001 1 0. 0010001 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 113

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #8 Double channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 4003. 1941604 1996. 8056396 166396 0. 0380001 0. 0120003 WRAN 1 3997. 2624129 2002. 7372871 166872 0. 0290001 0. 0120016 WRAN 2 3999. 4909345 2000. 5086655 166655 0. 0310001 0. 0120039 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 114

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Scenario #9 Double channel sharing Total Channel Occupation Time Total Service Interruption Time Number of Service Interruptions Maximum Service Interruptin Time Average Service Interruption Time WRAN 0 2992. 2231393 3000. 7766607 136606 0. 1430001 0. 0219667 WRAN 1 2999. 8890727 3000. 1106273 136272 0. 1260001 0. 0220156 WRAN 2 3004. 0164858 2995. 9831142 136144 0. 1370001 0. 0220060 WRAN 3 2996. 8142596 3003. 1852404 136406 0. 1370001 0. 0220165 Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 115

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Simulation Results Summary Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 116

JANUARY 2006 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05/0097 r 1 Conclusion (MAC) • Selective Overlapping Sensing – An essential and general concept for RF sensing control – Enable flexible and intelligent channel selection for RF sensing • Dynamic Frequency Hopping – A general concept for DFS control – Enable flexible and intelligent channel selection for transmissions. • Vertical & Horizontal spectrum sharing using Dynamic Frequency Hopping and On-Demand Spectrum Contention is illustrated • Simulation results demonstrate the fairness, feasibility, and efficiency of the proposal spectrum sharing mechanism Submission Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics 117