Group 7 Neil Northcutt Jamie Olheiser Daniel Haggerty

Eco-Sense System to automate the lawn watering process through the use of Climate sensors

Goals/Motivation Conserve water by reducing wasteful watering of traditional watering methods. Hand watering General

Hardware Specifications Component Parameter Specification Wireless Module Sensors Microcontroller Range Voltage Power consumption Storage

Water Efficiency Primary goal of Eco-Sense Reduce the waste of water by not watering

When to Water Algorithm Sensor Data Within USWT limits? Yes No USWT: User Specified

Weather Prediction Not an exact science Use of the barometric pressure, temperature, and humidity

Weather Prediction - Temperature Generally, temperature increases before the onset of rain (red lines).

Weather Prediction - Humidity Generally, relative humidity rises before the onset of rain.

Weather Prediction - Pressure Generally, barometric pressure drops before the onset of rain.

Sensors S. S. Rain Detection Sensor Barometric Pressure Sensor Ambient Temp. Sensor Solenoid S.

Humidity Sensor Measures the absolute humidity of the surroundings. Used for weather prediction and

Humidity Sensor Part Supply Voltage Current Humidity Range Accuracy Shutdown Current Cost DHT 11

Humidity Sensor Inexpensive breakout board. Good power usage. Reasonable sensor accuracy. . 75 inch.

Rain Detection Sensor 2 Inch 3 Inch Detects the presence of rain. Used for

Barometric Pressure Sensor Measures ambient pressure caused by weather patterns. Used with the weather

Barometric Pressure Sensor Low current Breakout board Contains a thermometer used as the ambient

Ground Moisture Sensor Used to measure the water content in soil. Necessary for the

Ground Temperature Sensor Necessary for accuracy of ground moisture sensor. Needs to be exposed

Ground Temperature Sensor Part Supply Voltage Average Current Temperature Range Accuracy Cost AD 22103

Wireless Communication Transmission Range: > 20 feet. Low power consumption: < 100 m. W

Wireless Communication Xbee pro Battery Days Zigbee 802. 15. 4 Bluetooth 802. 15. 1

Xbee Inexpensive $17 Transmission Range: 400 ft Data Rate: 250 kbps Transmit Power: 1.

Microcontroller Low power consumption. Communicates with the computer via serial connection. Inexpensive. Easily programmable.

Item Microcontrollers AT 9 Atmeg PIC 1 MSP 430 Strong. A At 91 M

ATmega 328 P Inexpensive $4 14 digital I/O pins 6 Analog I/O pins Programmable

LCD Module The LCD module that will fit Eco-Sense: Low power mode LED backlighting

Power High efficiency: > 70% DC-DC from 7. 4 volts to 3. 3 volts

Power- Battery Specification Ni-Cad Ni-MH Li-ion / Li-poly Rechargeable Alkaline Lead Acid Charge/Discharg e

Regulators Linear Regulators Easy to use Heat sink usually required 50% efficiency Clean voltage

Display Microcontroller Power Communication

Water Solenoid Used to control distribution of water Must be GHT (Garden Hose Threaded)

Water Solenoid Orbit Yard Watering Valve Operates +/- 24 V Water flows +24 V,

Water Solenoid Arduino to Orbit Watering Valve Schematic created by Rui Wang as an

Subsystem Software Design 3 different approaches, one for each subsystem Must be able to

Subsystem Software Design Central Subsystem Sensor Subsystem Solenoid Subsystem

Sensor Software Sensor Data Collection Read Moisture Data Storage Convert / Compress Memory Store

Central Software Receive Data Store in Memory Extract Data Display Statistics Button Input Temp

Solenoid Software Receive Signal Open Valve Countdown Timer Data Transfer Solenoid Controller Close Valve

Software Design Overview Sensor subsystem collects data at set intervals Central subsystem requests data,

User Interface The user interface (UI) is for allowing the user to access to

User Interface The UI will include the following: LCD module Pushbuttons Protective box

Progress Research Design Part Acquisition Part Testing Programming Prototype Testing Overall 0 10 20

Work Distribution Neil (EE) Sensor Configuration X Sensor Subsystem Circuitry X Weather Algorithms X

Bill of Materials Part Mini Push Button Switch LCD Module Orbit Watering Valve Orbit

Issues Housing material Time for testing

Project Completion To complete this project, the following work needs to be finished: PCB

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Group 7: Neil Northcutt Jamie Olheiser Daniel Haggerty

Eco-Sense System to automate the lawn watering process through the use of Climate sensors Ground sensors Weather prediction Three subsystems Sensor subsystem Central HUB subsystem Solenoid subsystem

Goals/Motivation Conserve water by reducing wasteful watering of traditional watering methods. Hand watering General sprinkler system Timer, automated system Promote a healthier, greener lawn.

Hardware Specifications Component Parameter Specification Wireless Module Sensors Microcontroller Range Voltage Power consumption Storage RAM/Flash Clock Speed I/O Pins 20 ft to 1 mile 3. 3 or 5 <10 m. W sleeping, <50 m. W on 128 B+, 8 k. B+ 8 MHz 4+ Analog, 5+ Digital Sensor Node Power consumption <50 m. W sleeping, <300 m. W on Temperature Sensor Sensing Range 0°F to 120°F.

Water Efficiency

Water Efficiency Primary goal of Eco-Sense Reduce the waste of water by not watering under certain climate conditions. Soil Moisture Temperature Humidity Allow watering only when rain is not predicted.

When to Water Algorithm Sensor Data Within USWT limits? Yes No USWT: User Specified watering times. Temperature below dew point? No Do Not Water No Soil Field Capacity below 75%? Yes Yes Temperature below 5˚C? Yes No Temperature above 32˚C No No Humidity below 50%? Yes Temperature above 25˚C? No

Weather Prediction Not an exact science Use of the barometric pressure, temperature, and humidity sensors. Most weather prediction algorithms are proprietary, have to create our own. Not yet completed

Weather Prediction - Temperature Generally, temperature increases before the onset of rain (red lines).

Weather Prediction - Humidity Generally, relative humidity rises before the onset of rain.

Weather Prediction - Pressure Generally, barometric pressure drops before the onset of rain.

Hardware

Sensors S. S. Rain Detection Sensor Barometric Pressure Sensor Ambient Temp. Sensor Solenoid S. S. Transmitter Receiver Micro. Controller Solenoid Power Source Humidity Sensor Micro. Controller Ground Temp. Sensor Ground Moisture Sensor Transmitter Receiver User Interface Transmitter Receiver Micro. Controller LCD Display Power Source Central HUB S. S.

Humidity Sensor Measures the absolute humidity of the surroundings. Used for weather prediction and when to water algorithms. Needs to be exposed to the elements for accurate readings.

Humidity Sensor Part Supply Voltage Current Humidity Range Accuracy Shutdown Current Cost DHT 11 DHT 22 SHT 10 SHT 11 SHT 15 HH 10 D HIH-4000 HIH-4030 3 to 5. 5 V 3 to 5 V 2. 4 to 5. 5 V 2. 7 to 3. 3 V 4 to 5. 8 V 0. 5 to 2. 5 m. A 28μA 120 to 180μA 200 to 500μA 20 - 90% 0 to 100% 0 to 99% 0 to 100% ± 5% ± 2% ± 4. 5% ± 3% ± 2% ± 3. 5% 100μA 40 -50μA 1 to 2μA - $5 $15 $20 $35 $10 $20 $18

Humidity Sensor Inexpensive breakout board. Good power usage. Reasonable sensor accuracy. . 75 inch. 3 inch HIH-4030

Rain Detection Sensor 2 Inch 3 Inch Detects the presence of rain. Used for when to water algorithm and shutting off watering if rain starts. Uses a PCB board and resistivity properties.

Rain Detection Sensor

Barometric Pressure Sensor Measures ambient pressure caused by weather patterns. Used with the weather prediction algorithm Needs to be exposed to the elements. Part Supply Voltage Average Current Pressure Range Accuracy Shutdown Current Cost BMP 085 1. 8 to 3. 6 V 3 to 12μA 300 to 1100 h. Pa ± 1 h. Pa 0. 1μA $20 MPL 115 A 1 2. 4 to 5. 5 V 5μA 500 to 1150 h. Pa ± 10 h. Pa 1μA $25 HP 03 M 2. 2 to 3. 6 V - 300 to 1100 h. Pa ± 3 h. Pa 1μA $30

Barometric Pressure Sensor Low current Breakout board Contains a thermometer used as the ambient temperature sensor needed for the sensor system. I 2 C connection . 65 inch BMP 085

Ground Moisture Sensor Used to measure the water content in soil. Necessary for the when to water algorithm. General resistive method.

Ground Temperature Sensor Necessary for accuracy of ground moisture sensor. Needs to be exposed to the elements. Used under the Creative Commons Attribution. Share Alike 3. 0 Unported. Created by Danieleccc

Ground Temperature Sensor Part Supply Voltage Average Current Temperature Range Accuracy Cost AD 22103 TMP 36 LM 45 AD 22100 K 2. 7 to 3. 6 V 2. 7 to 5. 5 V 4. 0 to 10. 0 V 4. 0 to 6. 5 V 350 to 600μA 50μA 10μA 500μA to 650μA 0 to 100⁰C -40 to 125⁰C -20 to 100⁰C -50 to 150⁰C ± 0. 5⁰C ± 1. 0⁰C ± 3. 0⁰C ± 2. 0⁰C $3. 50 $0. 80 to $1. 50 $2. 50 $1. 90 Small, basic transistor package. Created into a probe style sensor. . 21 inch. 2 inch. 5 inch TMP 36

Wireless Communication Transmission Range: > 20 feet. Low power consumption: < 100 m. W (on) Concurrent transmissions without interference.

Wireless Communication Xbee pro Battery Days Zigbee 802. 15. 4 Bluetooth 802. 15. 1 WIFI b/g 802. 11 b/g 100 -1000 1 -7 . 1 -5 Power transmitting 1 m. W 63 m. W 100 m. W 1600 m. W Current sleeping <1 u. A . 3 m. A . 2 m. A 20 m. A 255/65 K+ 7 30 <1 u. A Nodes/Network Bandwidth 250 kbps 20 -250 kbps 720 kbps 11 -54 mbps Range (m) 30(indoor) 90(outdoor) 90(indoor) 1600(outdoor) 75+ 100 Key attribute Low cost, Low power, reliable convenience speed

Xbee Inexpensive $17 Transmission Range: 400 ft Data Rate: 250 kbps Transmit Power: 1. 25 to 2 m. W Voltage: 2. 1 - 3. 6 VDC 1 inch 1. 25 inch

Microcontroller Low power consumption. Communicates with the computer via serial connection. Inexpensive. Easily programmable. I/O for all sensors.

Item Microcontrollers AT 9 Atmeg PIC 1 MSP 430 Strong. A At 91 M MC 68 H 80 C 5 EM 66 MC 9328 ATMeg 0 L a 6 F 8 X F 149 RM SA- 42800 C 05 PV 1 RD 03 MX 1 a 328 S 85 103 L 1100 A 8 A 35 Bits Flash k. B 8 8 8 128 8 68 16 60 RAM B ADC bits 512 10 4 k 10 1 3 2. 73. 6 v 1 2 -6 v Timers 3 Operating 4 -6 v Voltage 32 16 8 8 64 4 16 8 32 2 k 12 8 k 08 192 1 k 96 x 4 128 k 13 2 k 2 x 8 3 1. 8 -3. 6 v 3 -3. 6 v 6 2. 73. 6 v 1 3. 3 -5 v 1 2. 75. 5 v 1 1. 23. 6 v 2 1. 623. 3 v 2+1 1. 85. 5 v 16 m. A 1. 8 μA 90 m. A . 2 m. A 4 m. A. 35 μA . 16 m. A . 75 μA Current Active 6. 4 m. A 5. 5 m. A 2 m. A . 4 m. A 230 m. A 4. 4 m. A Current Idle Mode 1. 9 m. A 1. 6 m. A 1. 3 μA 50 m. A 1. 95 m. A Powered Down Current 1 μA 25 μA 485 μA 1 μA 50 μA . 1 μA

ATmega 328 P Inexpensive $4 14 digital I/O pins 6 Analog I/O pins Programmable over serial using USB to serial converter 1. 32 inch Has I 2 C capability Low power Different power modes . 28 inch

ATmega 328 P to Xbee Module

LCD Module The LCD module that will fit Eco-Sense: Low power mode LED backlighting GDM 1602 K 16 x 2 character display Image provided under Creative Commons (CC) by Sparkfun

LCD Display

Power High efficiency: > 70% DC-DC from 7. 4 volts to 3. 3 volts and 5 volts. Low Cost Rechargeable, high energy density battery.

Power- Battery Specification Ni-Cad Ni-MH Li-ion / Li-poly Rechargeable Alkaline Lead Acid Charge/Discharg e life cycles 500 -700 300 -400 300 -1000 100+ 500 -800 Memory Effect High effect Little effect No effect Operating Temperature -22 to +140°F -4 to +122°F +14 to +140°F Self-Discharge 20% loss of charge/ month at 77°F 30% loss of Charge/ month at 77°F Self-discharge 3% loss of charge/ month at 77°F Energy density (Wh/kg) 40 -60 30 -80 150 -250 (Li-poly 130 -200) 30 -40 Power W/kg 150 250 -1000 1800 (Li-poly 3000+) 180 -20º F to 130º F -85º F to 149º F (5/12)% loss per month

Regulators Linear Regulators Easy to use Heat sink usually required 50% efficiency Clean voltage Switching Regulators Requires more components Smaller heat sink required 80% efficiency Some ripple voltage on the output

Switching Regulator Circuit

Display Microcontroller Power Communication

Water Solenoid Used to control distribution of water Must be GHT (Garden Hose Threaded) for US standards Must operate with minimum power

Water Solenoid Orbit Yard Watering Valve Operates +/- 24 V Water flows +24 V, stops -24 V Uses latch solenoid, power is only supplied during solenoid state transitions

Water Solenoid Arduino to Orbit Watering Valve Schematic created by Rui Wang as an open source project

Subsystem Software

Subsystem Software Design 3 different approaches, one for each subsystem Must be able to communicate to each other Minimal memory usage for code Sleep mode would be ideal

Subsystem Software Design Central Subsystem Sensor Subsystem Solenoid Subsystem

Sensor Software Sensor Data Collection Read Moisture Data Storage Convert / Compress Memory Store Reset Timer Read Temperature Receive Data Read Humidity Read Pressure Data Transfer Fetch Memory Transmit Data Read Rain Status System Timer Clear Memory

Subsystem Software Design Central Subsystem Sensor Subsystem Solenoid Subsystem

Central Software Receive Data Store in Memory Extract Data Display Statistics Button Input Temp Flag Humidity Flag Pressure Flag Rain Flag Water Algorithm Transmit Data Transfer Moisture Flag System Timer Sum Flags Water Signal Override Manual Input

Subsystem Software Design Central Subsystem Sensor Subsystem Solenoid Subsystem

Solenoid Software Receive Signal Open Valve Countdown Timer Data Transfer Solenoid Controller Close Valve

Software Design Overview Sensor subsystem collects data at set intervals Central subsystem requests data, computes water signal, transmits water signal to solenoid Solenoid subsystem controls the operation of the valve and water distribution

User Interface The user interface (UI) is for allowing the user to access to the system in an efficient manner Provide overriding actions for user Provide data feedback to the user Display system status

User Interface The UI will include the following: LCD module Pushbuttons Protective box

UI Model 3. 5 inches 6. 5 inches

Progress Research Design Part Acquisition Part Testing Programming Prototype Testing Overall 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Work Distribution Neil (EE) Sensor Configuration X Sensor Subsystem Circuitry X Weather Algorithms X Jamie (Cp. E) Daniel (Cp. E) X Wireless Communications X Power Management X Solenoid Subsystem Circuitry X X X Watering Algorithms X User Interface X Central Subsystem Circuitry Solenoid Controller X X X X

Bill of Materials Part Mini Push Button Switch LCD Module Orbit Watering Valve Orbit Spike Sprinkler Custom Housing Estimate Miscellaneous Electrical Components Atmega 328 DIP Socket Low Power Version PCB Xbee Series 2 HIH-4030 Hygrometer BMP 085 Barometer/Thermometer 12 Gauge Galvanied Steel Wire (2 feet) Black Electrical Tape 4" x 4" Packing Foam Block Rain Detection PCB board LM 339 N Comparator TIP 120 transistor for solenoid LM 2592 HV 3. 3 v (input 4. 5 -60 v) 1000 m. Ah 2 S 20 C Lipo Pack Battery Charger (Owned) Buy from where? Sparkfun Home Depot Lowe's Sky. Craft N/A Sparkfun 4 PCB Digikey Sparkfun N/A N/A Baaqii Jameco Hobby. King How many 4 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 Price Extended Price $0. 35 $1. 40 $13. 95 $15. 97 $8. 98 $10. 00 $30. 00 $5. 00 $4. 30 $12. 90 $33. 00 $99. 00 $17. 00 $51. 00 $16. 95 $19. 95 $5. 00 $3. 01 $0. 25 $0. 39 $1. 95 $5. 85 $4. 62 $13. 86 $0. 00 Total $313. 46

Issues Housing material Time for testing

Project Completion To complete this project, the following work needs to be finished: PCB layout and purchase Decide on housing material and design Prototype each subsystem Testing, testing

Questions?

Complaints?