Zumas Unforgettable Journey By Jamie Young Nicole Tsinas

Zuma’s Unforgettable Journey By: Jamie Young, Nicole Tsinas, Iulia Iancu, and Andrew Patton

By: Iulia Iancu Welcome to the Family Gender Roles Sources: Image 1: The Aztec Empire, 2013, <http: //www. aztec-history. com/aztecempire. html> (November 29 th, 2013). Image 2: Camilla Townsend, “The view from the metate” - women and the Aztec world, <http: //www. mexicolore. co. uk/aztecs/moctezuma/women-andthe-aztec-world> (November 30 th, 2013). Justification: Connection to Theme(s) Hierarchical – The Aztec Empire was a hierarchical society in which men had a higher status and enjoyed more freedom than women. The men were the head of the family and women were required to obey and respect their orders. This patriarchy was a very traditional way of life in ancient civilizations. This image accurately represents a woman’s main role in ancient Aztec times, which was to be a homemaker and to fulfill domestic chores. The woman is making food for the family. 1 The Aztec Empire (1427 -1521) is located in modern-day Mexico. 2

By: Andrew Patton Social Structure What is Zuma and his family Picture source: Mexica Clothing Styles, http: //www. mexicolore. co. uk/aztecs/aztefacts/aztecmexica-clothing-styles/kids, date of access: November 29, 2013 Information from: Newman, Garfeild. Echoes from the Past. Mc. Graw-Hill Ryerson pg: 438 Hall, Eleanor J. Life Among the Aztecs. Farmington Hills: Lucent Books, 2001 Justification Conecton to theme(s) Hierarchical- their clothing was a sign of status in society that is why commoners wore poorer clothing. And statuses were hereditary and that restricted what one could do in life. Image: a statue of a commoner wearing a loincloth.

By: Jamie Young Zuma’s Purpose Belief Systems Sources: Image: Wikipedia, Toxcatl, 2013, < http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Toxcatl > (November 29 th 2013). Information: Aguillar-Moreno, Manuel. Life in the Aztec World. New York: Oxford, 2006 pg. 153 Justification Connection to Theme(s) Spiritual – rituals such as that of Toxcal were done in order to give back to the gods. It was believed that the god Tezcatlipoca was one of the gods whom had spilled his blood in order to create people. The Aztecs performed these rituals to spiritually connect with their gods as well as because of their spiritual beliefs that in order to maintain humankind, these rituals needed to be preformed. This is the Sun Stone that explained times of festivals on the Aztec calendar including Toxcatl.

By: Jamie Young His Name Source: Image: Aztecs, 2012, < http: //www. mexicolore. co. uk/aztecs/askexperts/did-the-aztecs-force-you-to-be-who-you-were-2 > (November 29 th, 2013) Information: Wikiname, 2012, < http: //wiki. name. com/en/Zuma > (November 29 th, 2013) Hall, Elanor. Life Among the Aztecs. Farmington Hills: Lucent Books, 2004 pg. 18 Justification Connection to Theme(s) Spiritual – The naming ritual was essential for Aztec children especially for Aztec baby boys because the Aztec’s spiritual beliefs were that the males needed to carry on their father’s job and in order to do so they needed to be laid next to a symbol of their father’s occupation. The Aztec’s spiritual beliefs led to them performing these rituals with the thoughts that if they didn't’t, the child would be unsuccessful in the future. Belief Systems

By: Nicole Tsinas Zuma’s Home Sources: Image Aztec-History, Aztec Homes, 2006, http: //www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/trade/hd_t rade. htm (Dec. 1, 2013). Information Pohl, Handbook to Life in the Aztec World, p. 224. Justification Connection to Theme(s): Hierarchical – The homes of the city’s inhabitants varied. Royal palaces and homes of nobility were located near the main square of the great temple while houses of city’s potters, weavers, jewelers etc. surrounded the city’s centers. The type of dwelling was an indication of status. Image: the image shows an ancient adobe house located in Mexico. Common Aztec homes were made of adobe bricks (mud mixed with straw or rushes), wood, and straw Technology/infrastructure

By: Iulia Iancu The Journey Begins… Gender Roles Source: Image: Goddess of the Month: Xochiquetzal (‘Quetzal Flower’), < http: //www. mexicolore. co. uk/aztecs/goddess-of-the-monthxochiquetzal > (November 30 th, 2013). Justification: Connection to Theme(s) Hierarchical. Women in ancient Aztec times might have had less of a role than men, but enjoyed positions in society as priestesses. A priestess was one of the few occupations a woman could have. Spiritual- The role of a priestess was important as Aztec society was extremely religious. They performed ceremonies, prayers, incantations, etc. They would have to interpret the Sacred Calendar, make predictions in the sky and read horoscopes. This image displays a priestess (right) surrounded by ancient Aztec Gods. She is performing a ritual and displays the importance of these religious events. A female priestess (right) surrounded by Gods.

By: Andrew Patton Zuma meets a Tlatoani • Image source: Wikipedia file: Aztec. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aztec, date of access: November 30, 2013 Information from: Newman, Garfeild. Echoes from the Past. Mc. Graw-Hill Ryerson pg: 438 Hall, Eleanor J. Life Among the Aztecs. Farmington Hills: Lucent Books, 2001 Justification Conecton to theme(s) Hierarchical- the Tlatoani was a ruler and was the highest class under the supreme ruler in the capital, his clothing again was a show of class. Image: the image is of a headdress that was wore by a ruler in the Aztec world believed by some to be worn by Moctezuma II a famous Tlatoani. Social Structure

By: Nicole Tsinas Technology/infrastructure The Great Aqueduct Sources: Image Minube, Chapultepec Aqueduct, 2007, http: //www. minube. net/place/acueducto-dechapultepec----a 2118910 (Dec. 1, 2013). Information Pohl, Handbook to Life in the Aztec World, p. 224. Justification Connection to Theme(s): Hierarchical – While the Tenochtitlan rulers ordered the building of the aqueduct, it was Nezahualcoyotl from Texcoco who was the engineer, as he was for a number of other engineering achievements in the Valley of Mexico. Since the nobles were higher in status they were able to instruct the commoners, yet the commoners made more of an impact. Image: The Chapultepec aqueduct is an aqueduct built in Chapultepec by the Aztecs in the Tenochtitlan era. Its original name was simply the “Great Aqueduct. ”

By: Nicole Tsinas Technology/infrastructure The Great Temple Sources Image Travelvivi, Mexico- Mysterious Land of Aztecs and Mayas, 2013, http: //www. nationsencyclopedia. com/mexico/Michoacn-Zacatecas/Michoac-n. html#b (Dec. 1, 2013). Information Pohl, Handbook to Life in the Aztec World, p. 220. Justification: Connection to themes: Spirituality: The Great Temple was the sacred place where the Aztec worshipped Huitzilopochtli (sun and war god), as well as Tlaloc (rain god), and sacrificed human beings in order to appease him. It was very tall because the Aztec believe it to be close to the gods who were in the sky. One staircase was decorated blue and white which symbolized water and moisture, and the other painted red and white for war and sacrifice. Image: The image depicts The Templo Mayor ("Great Temple"), built in 1390 AD, the most important Aztec center for ceremonies. It is still standing today.

By: Jamie Young The End Belief Systems Source: Image: Wikipedia, “The Sacrafice Ritual”, 2009 < http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Aztec_sacrificial_knives. jpg > (November 29 th, 2013) Information: Aguillar-Moreno, Manuel. Life in the Aztec World. New York: Oxford, 2006 pg. 153 Justification Connection to Theme(s) Spiritual – The Toxcal Sacrifice was done by a priest. The spiritual belief’s of the Aztecs were that the sacrifice needed to be done with special sacrificial knives in order for the male’s heart to truly be accepted by the gods. The chosen male for this sacrifice was treated with the utmost honor and respect one year before the festival due to the fact that he was believed to be the living god (spiritually connected to) Tezcatlipoca These were the special knives that were used to take out Zuma’s heart before giving it to the gods.