Elements Atoms Matter is anything that takes up
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Elements & Atoms
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • All matter is made of atoms Created by G. Baker www. thesciencequeen. net
Elements • Elements are the simplest pure substance. – An element can not be changed into a simpler substance by heating or any chemical process. • The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element is called an atom. – An atom is the basic building block of matter. • There are more than one hundred known elements in the universe listed on the periodic table of elements. – These elements combine in such a way to create millions of compounds.
• • An atom has three parts: Proton = positive Neutron = no charge Electron = negative • The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called the nucleus. • The electrons orbit the nucleus.
The Atom Nucleus Electron Protons Shell or Orbit Neutrons
Atomic Number: Number of protons and it is also the number of electrons in an atom of an element. Element’s Symbol: An abbreviation for the element. Elements Name Atomic Mass/Weight: Number of protons + neutrons. Periodic Table 8 O Oxygen 16
Look at Calcium • What is its element symbol? • What is its atomic number? • What is its atomic mass?
Look at Chlorine • What is its element symbol? • What is its atomic number? • What is its atomic mass?
Look at Boron • What is its element symbol? • What is its atomic number? • What is its atomic mass?
Look at Silver • What is its element symbol? • What is its atomic number? • What is its atomic mass?
Look at Gold • What is its element symbol? • What is its atomic number? • What is its atomic mass?
Look at Tin • What is its element symbol? • What is its atomic number? • What is its atomic mass?
Groups • Each column in the table is called a group. Elements in a group share similar properties. Groups are read from top to bottom.
Group 1 – The alkali metals Li Na K Rb Cs Fr
Group 2 – The alkaline earth metals Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra
Groups 3 -12 Transition Metals
Group 13 - Boron Group B Al Ga In Tl
Group 14 - Carbon Group C Si Ge Sn Pb
Group 15 - Nitrogen Group N P As Sb Bi
Group 16 - Oxygen Group O S Se Te Po
Group 17 – The Halogens F Cl Br I At
Group 18 – The Noble gases He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn