STANDALONE WIND INTERFACE GREEN ENERGY SCHEMES Prof Dr

STANDALONE WIND INTERFACE GREEN ENERGY SCHEMES Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf ECE, UNB, Canada http: //www. ece. unb. ca/sharaf

Presentation Outline n n n n Introduction Objectives DVR/MPF Stabilizing Scheme DCC Stabilizing Scheme GTO Interface Converter Scheme APC Stabilizing FACTS Scheme Wind-Farm Electricity using PMDC Generator Scheme Conclusion & Recommendation Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 2

Introduction Wind Energy n Fast growing; n Expect to supply 10% of total Energy by 2025; Advantages (abundant, clean, renewable); Stand-alone WECS n Village electricity feeding hybrid motorized load Voltage-stability Problems and Mitigation Solution n Voltage instability & Compensation n Proposed interface/stabilization schemes (DVR/MPF, DCC, GTO Converter, APC, Wind-Farm PMDC) Digital simulation & validation using Matlab/Simulink/PS-Blockset Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 3

Introduction – cont’d Stand-alone WECS structure 1: n 4 Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Research Objectives n n Develop digital models (for machines, nonlinear loads, converter/compensator interface, PWM and novel stabilizing controllers) Validate the village wind energy interface schemes using (DVR/MPF, DCC, APC, Converter) Investigate Flexible AC Transmission FACTSbased dynamic controllers Recommend low cost stand-alone village wind energy interface schemes Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 5

DVR/MPF Scheme *Linear *Nonlinear Generator can be IG or PMSG *Motorized Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 6

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d , Hybrid Load Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 7

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Dynamic Voltage Regulator & Modulated Power Filter (developed by Dr. Sharaf) 8 Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Typical GTO and Protection Circuits (ABB) Turn on: Li----di/dt Turn off: Cs----dv/dt Rs---discharge of Cs Data sheet Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 9

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Capacitor overvoltage Protection using Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 10

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Tri—loop Controller (developed by Dr. Sharaf) Main Loop Supplementary Loops Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 11

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results Sequenced wind & load Disturbance: t=0. 1 s Load excursion applied, +30%; t=0. 3 s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0. 5 s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0. 7 s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%. Voltage vs time Vw -30% 1 0. 9 0. 8 SL +30% Without the DVR/MPF With the DVR/MPF Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 12

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results Power vs Time 0. 4 0. 35 Vw -30% 0. 5 0. 45 SL +30% Without DVR/MPF With DVR/MPF Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 13

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results et Vc PWM pulses time 14

DCC Scheme with IG (Induction Generator) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 15

DCC Scheme – Cont’d DCC 3 GTO switching stages Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 16

DCC Scheme – Cont’d Controller parameters are selected by off-line guided trial & error for * Best voltage stabilization * Max Pg extraction Dual-loop controller 1 Tri-loop Controller 2 Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 17

DCC Scheme – Cont’d Wind and load variation sequence: t=0. 1 s Load excursion applied, +40%; t=0. 3 s Load excursion removed, +40%; t=0. 5 s Load excursion applied, -40%; t=0. 7 s Load excursion removed, -40%; t=0. 9 s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=1. 1 s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%; t=1. 3 s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=1. 5 s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Vg_rms Without DCC With DCC +/10% Pg time Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 18

DCC Scheme – Cont’d Controller 1 Controller 2 et Vc PWM pulses 19

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme Output LC Filter Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 20

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d Smoothing DC storage capacitor Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 21

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d Loop #1 (V-Load) Loop #2 (V-generator) et Loop #3 (V-DC-link) Vc Modulation index Developed by Dr. Sharaf Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 22

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d (Dynamic simulation results) Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0. 03 s Load excursion applied, +30%; t=0. 04 s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0. 05 s Load excursion applied, -30%; t=0. 06 s Load excursion removed, -30%; t=0. 07 s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0. 08 s Wind Speed excursion removed, 30%; t=0. 09 s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0. 10 s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Vg_rms +/- 3% Pg Without SPWM GTO Converter With SPWM GTO Converter Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 23

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d (Dynamic simulation results) et VL-rms Vc Vdc pulses time 24

Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme Developed by Dr. Sharaf Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 25

Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d P Q exchange at generator bus ** Asynchronous Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 26

Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d Loop #1 (Vg) Loop #2 (Ig) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 27

Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d (simulation results) Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0. 03 s Load excursion applied, +30%; t=0. 04 s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0. 05 s Load excursion applied, -30%; t=0. 06 s Load excursion removed, -30%; t=0. 07 s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0. 08 s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%; t=0. 09 s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0. 10 s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Vg_rms Without APC With APC +/-5% Pg time Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 28

Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d (simulation results) Pf et Vc Qf Pulses 1 time 29

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 30

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 31

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d Loop #1 (V-Load) Stabilizer Loop #2 (I-Load) Dynamic Tracking Loop #3 (V-generator) Stabilizer Developed by Dr. Sharaf Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 32

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d (Simulation results) Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0. 03 s Load excursion applied, +30%; t=0. 04 s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0. 05 s Load excursion applied, -30%; t=0. 06 s Load excursion removed, -30%; t=0. 07 s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0. 08 s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%; t=0. 09 s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0. 10 s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Vg Pg time Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 33

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d (Simulation results) Vinverter et Vc VL VL-mag pulses 1 time 34

Conclusion The research validated six novel WECS Interface & Stabilization schemes namely: n n n Scheme 1: Dynamic voltage regulator/modulated power filter (DVR/MPF) scheme with IG Scheme 2: DVR/MPF Scheme with PMSG Scheme 3: Dynamic capacitor compensation (DCC) scheme with IG Scheme 4: DC-link SPWM 6 -pulse GTO Converter Scheme with IG Scheme 5: Active/reactive Power Compensation (APC) Scheme 6: Farm Electricity Scheme with PM-DC Generator Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 35

Conclusion – Cont’d DVR/MPF DCC with IG DC-link SPWM APC with Converter with IG IG Converter with PMDC Series CAP Parallel CAPs Diode Rect. RLC Filter GTO-VSI and Output Filter VSI APC IGBT-VSI Controller Tri-loop Dual-loop + Tri-loop dual-loop Tri-loop Switching PWM SPWM (**Asyn) Vg stabilization IG Elements Performa nce PMSG Series CAP Parallel Filter Vg Vg stabilization Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 36

Conclusion – Cont’d Recommendation n n The research study is now being extended to other hybrid energy schemes such as solar/small hydro/micro-gas/hydrogen generation/small NGfired turbine/biomass/sterling cycle/fuel cell technology and integrated distributed generation. New dynamic FACTS based converter topology for hybrid (wind/PV/others) renewable energy schemes. Novel AI/neuro-fuzzy/soft computing based effective stabilization and control schemes. Build a full laboratory micro system simulator to study new FACTS converter and controller effectiveness. Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 37

PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been published/accepted/submitted 1. 2. 3. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “A Switched Dynamic Power Filter/Compensator Scheme for Stand Alone Wind Energy Schemes”. IEEE Canada, Canadian Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering CCECE 2004. May 2 -5 2004. Dundas, Ontario, Canada. (Accepted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Wind System Voltage and Energy Enhancement Using PWM-Switched Dynamic Capacitor Compensation”. IEEE sponsored, EPE – PEMC 04. European Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, September 2 -4 2004. Riga, Latvia. (Accepted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Stand-alone Wind Energy System Voltage and Energy Enhancement Using A Low Cost Dynamic Capacitor Compensation Scheme”, Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering, LESCOPE'04, July 28 -31, 2004, Halifax, Canada. (Accepted ) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 38

PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been published/accepted/submitted 4. 5. 6. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Wind Energy System Voltage and Energy Utilization Enhancement Using PWM Converter Interface Scheme”, PATMOS 2004, Fourteenth International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, September 15 - 17, 2004, Isle of Santorini, Greece (Submitted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Stand-alone Wind Energy Conversion System with Active Power Compensation Scheme”, International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy (IJETP), Special issue on Power Electronics for Distributed and Co-Generation. (Submitted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “A Novel Farm-Electricity Wind Energy Scheme using PM-DC Generator”, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion. (Submitted) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 39

QUESTIONS PLEASE ! Thank you! Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS 40

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Simple Wind Turbine Model (Quasi-static model) is the tip speed ratio; is the specific density of air (1. 25); is power conversion coefficient; is the wind turbine rotor velocity in rpm; A is the area swept by the blades; R is the radius of the rotor blades; k is equivalent coefficient of proportionality in per unit (0. 745) 42

Typical Wind Turbine Characteristics 43

Induction Machine d-q Model 44

PWM Model 45

Clock Control signal Sampled Control signal Triangle wave Compared signal PWM output PWM Waveforms t (s) 46

Asynchronous SPWM Waveforms Demonstration Reference/control voltage Carrier time shifting 47

GTO 5 SGA 30 J 4502 Data Sheet 48

GTO 5 SGA 30 J 4502 Data Sheet 49

GTO 5 SGA 30 J 4502 Data Sheet return 50