Presentation Plus Human Heritage A World History Copyright

Presentation Plus! Human Heritage: A World History Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Developed by FSCreations, Inc. , Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/Mc. Graw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 1

2

CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1 Clovis SECTION 2 Charles the Hammer SECTION 3 Charlemagne CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT 3 Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.

Overview • Chapter 18 discusses the Franks and the first strong kingdom in medieval Europe. – Section 1 discusses the goals of Clovis and the role of the Catholic Church in the political affairs of the Franks. – Section 2 describes the rule of Charles Martel and the Battle of Tours. – Section 3 explains important developments during the reign of Charlemagne. 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • explain how Clovis united the Franks under Christianity. • describe how Charles Martel’s defeat of the Arabs kept western Europe Christian. • discuss how Charlemagne brought all of western Europe under his rule. • characterize what life was like in Charlemagne’s empire. • summarize why Charlemagne’s empire collapsed. 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Read to Discover • How Clovis united the Franks and brought them Christianity • How Charles Martel’s defeat of the Arabs kept western Europe Christian • How Charlemagne brought all of western Europe under his rule • What life was like in Charlemagne’s empire • Why Charlemagne’s empire collapsed 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 275 of your textbook.

Terms to Learn • converted • anointed • counts • lords • serfs • minstrels 7 People to Know • Clovis • Charles Martel • Pepin • Charlemagne • Roland • Louis the Pious Places to Locate • Paris • Tours • Aachen Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words.

Why It’s Important The decline of the Roman Empire lead to disorder everywhere in western Europe. Many of the Germanic invaders were too weak to govern well. As a result, towns and villages fell into ruin. Roads and bridges were not repaired. Robbers roamed the countryside, making it unsafe for travelers. Trading and business slowed down, and there were shortages of food and other goods. People were no longer interested in learning, and many books and works of art were damaged or lost. Click the Speaker On button to replay the audio. 8

9

Clovis • During this period, a Germanic people called Franks, who lived along the Rhine River, began to build a new civilization. • The Franks were divided and without a common ruler until 481, when one Frankish group chose Clovis as king. • Clovis brought all the Franks under one rule, and part of his kingdom later became France, which took its name from the Franks. 10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1 begins on page 275 of your textbook.

Clovis (cont. ) • Clovis was the first Germanic king to accept the Catholic religion when, after a battle victory, he and 3, 000 of his soldiers converted, or changed religion, to Christianity. • Before long, all the people in Clovis's kingdom practiced the same religion, spoke the same language, and felt united. • Clovis extended his rule over what is now France and western Germany and set up his capital in Paris. 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Section Assessment What modern nations developed out of the civilization built by the Franks? France and western Germany were developed out of this civilization. 12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) Why were the Franks more successful at governing than other Germanic peoples? They were more successful because the area in which they lived was close to their homeland, and they felt fairly secure; also, they became farmers instead of just fighting and ruling. 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) Drawing a Conclusion Why was it important for Clovis to have the Pope’s blessing and the support of the Church? Answers will vary. Through this support he would also have gained a certain level of support from the Romans in his kingdom. 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) Recreate the diagram on page 277 of your textbook, and use it to show the cause and effects of Clovis’s conversion to Christianity. Possible answers include: causes– unhappy with Frankish gods, decided to convert if defeated enemy in next battle, won battle and converted; effects–gained support of Romans within kingdom, began speaking a form of Latin, promoted unity through use of same language and religion, won support of Pope and church officials, extended rule. 15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

16

Charles the Hammer • The Frankish kings who followed Clovis were weak rulers who divided the kingdom among their sons. • The sons lost much of their power to local nobles, and the Franks began to accept the leadership of a government official known as the “Mayor of the Palace. ” • Charles Martel, known as “The Hammer” because of his victory at Tours, was the most powerful Mayor, and he had the support of the Church. 17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2 begins on page 277 of your textbook.

Charles the Hammer (cont. ) • When Charles Martel died, his son Pepin became Mayor of the Palace. • Pepin was the first Frankish king to be anointed, or blessed with holy oil, by the Pope. • Pepin helped the Pope by leading an army into Italy when he was threatened by a group of Germans known as Lombards. • Pepin defeated the Lombards and gave the land they held in central Italy to the Pope, making him the political ruler of much of the Italian Peninsula. 18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Section Assessment Why was the Battle of Tours a turning point in history? It enabled Christianity to survive in western Europe. 19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) How did Pepin help the Pope? He led an army into Italy, defeated the Lombards, and gave the land they held in central Italy to the Pope. 20 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) Predicting Consequences What might western Europe have been like if the Arabs and Berbers had won the Battle of Tours? Answers will vary. If this had occurred it might have meant the end of Christianity in western Europe. 21 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) Recreate the diagram on page 279 of your textbook, and use it to compare the accomplishments of Charles Martel and his son Pepin. Possible comparisons include: Martel– stopped the spread of Islam to Europe, united Frankish nobles; Pepin– removed the king and started a new dynasty; helped make the Pope the political ruler of much of Italy by defeating the Lombards and giving the Pope a gift of land. 22 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

23

Charlemagne • When Pepin died in 768, his kingdom was divided between his two sons. • His son Carloman died within a few years; the other son, Charles, better known as Charlemagne (“Charles the Great”), became king of the Franks. • One key warrior in Charlemagne’s army was a soldier called Roland. • By 800, Charlemagne had created a large empire. 24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3 begins on page 279 of your textbook.

Charlemagne (cont. ) • This empire included most of the Germanic peoples who had settled in Europe since the early 400 s. 25

A Christian Empire • Both Charlemagne and the Pope wanted a new Christian Roman Empire in western Europe. • On Christmas day in 800, the Pope declared Charlemagne as the new Roman emperor. • Charlemagne was a wise and just ruler who issued many laws and chose officials called counts to run the courts, stop feuds, protect the poor and weak, and raise armies for Charlemagne. 26 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

A Christian Empire (cont. ) • Charlemagne ruled his empire from Aachen, but he often journeyed throughout the empire with his advisers and servants. • Such visits ensured the loyalty of local officials and people to Charlemagne’s government. 27 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Education • Charlemagne appreciated learning, believed in education, and was proud of his own ability to read Latin. • As Charlemagne wanted his people to be educated, he encouraged churches and monasteries to found schools. • One of the many tasks of the scholars was to copy manuscripts which led to the model for the lowercase letters used today. 28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Estate Life • Descendents of Frankish warriors and Roman landowners known as lords, or nobles, were the most powerful people in Charlemagne's empire. • Farmers lived in simple wooden houses on the estates and worked in the fields owned by the lords or on small pieces of land the lords had given them. • The farmers gradually did more for the nobles and less for themselves, becoming serfs, or people bound to the land. 29 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Estate Life (cont. ) • Neither the nobles nor the farmers had much time to learn to read or write or to think about religion daily. • Both groups accepted Christianity, but the new religion had little to do with their daily lives. • Yet, on religious holidays, both rich and poor sang, danced, feasted, and listened to traveling musicians called minstrels. 30 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

The Collapse of the Empire • The glory of the empire did not last long after Charlemagne's death in 814. • Many counts and lords refused to obey Louis the Pious, Charlemagne's son. • Louis the Pious weakened the empire further when he divided it among his three sons. • In 843, the brothers agreed to the Treaty of Verdun. 31 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

The Collapse of the Empire (cont. ) • The brothers were weak rulers who allowed the counts and nobles to have most of the power and divided Europe again into smaller territories. 32

Section Assessment Why did Charlemagne object to the Pope crowning him emperor? It seemed the emperor’s right to rule came from the Pope rather than from God. 33 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) What did Charlemagne do to encourage learning? He encouraged churches and monasteries to found schools, and had Alcuin teach the children of government officials. 34 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) Identifying Alternatives What might have prevented the collapse of Charlemagne’s government? Answers will vary. Chalemagne might have planned on who was to succeed him after his death. 35 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section Assessment (cont. ) Recreate the diagram on page 286 of your textbook, and use it to summarize Charlemagne’s political, educational, and cultural accomplishments. High points in Charlemagne’s rule included the creation of courts and closely supervised counts to manage local affairs (political), spread of literacy through the establishment of schools (education), and flourishing of religious art and popular art such as minstrels (cultural). 36 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

37

Chapter Summary & Study Guide • During the late 400 s, the Franks began to build a civilization that would later develop into the modern nations of France and Germany. • Clovis united the Franks and was the first Germanic king to accept the Catholic religion. • Clovis gained the support of the Romans in his kingdom and made Latin the official language of the royal court. 38 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont. ) • A series of weak kings followed Clovis, and leadership gradually came into the hands of a government official known as the “Mayor of the Palace. ” • In 732, a Mayor of the Palace named Charles Martel defeated the Muslim army at the Battle of Tours. This kept western Europe Christian. • Charles Martel’s son Pepin started a new dynasty and became the first Germanic king to be anointed by the Pope. 39 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont. ) • Pepin’s son Charlemagne brought all of western Europe under his control. • In 800, the Pope crowned him the new Roman emperor. • Charlemagne was a wise and just ruler who wrote new laws. • Charlemagne was very interested in learning and encouraged the founding of schools in his empire. 40 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont. ) • During the rule of Charlemagne, powerful lords grew wealthy from goods grown or made on their estates. • Louis the Pious divided the Frankish Empire among his three sons, which led to its final collapse. 41 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

42

Understanding the Main Idea What happened to western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire? There was disorder, towns and roads fell into ruin, the countryside was unsafe, trading slowed, and there were shortages of food. 43 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding the Main Idea How did Clovis help people within his empire feel united? They all had the same religion and language. 44 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding the Main Idea What was the relationship between the Church and Clovis? The Pope and other Church officials supported Clovis’s government. In return, Clovis was expected to protect the Church. 45 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding the Main Idea Why did the Mayor of the Palace become important? He became important because he took over many of the king’s duties. 46 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding the Main Idea What were Charlemagne’s main goals when he became king of the Franks? His main goals were to rule all of western Europe and to have all Germanic peoples become Christian. 47 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding the Main Idea How did Frankish farmers become serfs? They began to work more for the nobles on estates. 48 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding the Main Idea What happened to western Europe after Charlemagne’s heirs came to power? It was divided into smaller territories. 49 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Critical Thinking Do you think that Charlemagne’s traveling all over the empire was a wise idea? Why or why not? Answers will vary. It was wise because it made him appear strong and in control. 50 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Critical Thinking Why was the title “the Great” good for Charlemagne? What other title might have been better? Why? Answers will vary. Charlemagne unified his empire. 51 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Critical Thinking What parts of life in Charlemagne’s empire would you have liked? What parts would you have disliked? Answers will vary. 52 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Critical Thinking What do you think Louis the Pious could have done with the Frankish Empire instead of dividing it among his three sons? Answers will vary. 53 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Geography in History Place Refer to the map on page 284 of your textbook and compare the locations of Saragossa, Paris, and Rome. Each of these was an important city in the Frankish Empire. What geographic similarities and differences can you see in these places? Paris and Saragossa are both located on rivers; all three cities lie on flat lands somewhat near a seacoast; Paris is centrally located while Saragossa and Rome are not. 54 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

A historian has incorrectly reported several facts. What are they? Scholars from Europe and the. Americas came to teach in Charlemagne’s school. Most people could not read or write. Religion, however, was not taught. 55

56

Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Human Heritage: A World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http: //www. humanheritage. glencoe. com 57

481 A. D. Clovis is chosen king of the Franks 711 A. D. Arab Muslims conquer Spain 58 732 A. D. Battle of Tours 800 A. D. 843 A. D. Treaty of Verdun Charlemagne crowned emperor Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Charlemagne c. 742 A. D. – 814 A. D. Christian Emperor Charlemagne continued the German warrior tradition, spreading the Christian religion at the tip of a sword. In building his empire, he brought together the German, Roman, and Christian cultures that became the basis for European civilization. 59

Mounted Knights Charles Martel could not follow up his victory at Tours because he had too few mounted soldiers. From then on, he required every landowner to provide him with at least one fully outfitted knight. Over time, mounted knights became the core of the Frankish army. 60

Frankish Officials Deep Sleep 61 Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.

Frankish Officials in Charlemagne’s court had specific duties. His chaplain advised the emperor on matters of conscience and supervised official documents. The count of the palace judged court cases not handled by Charlemagne and managed the palace in the emperor’s absence. The chamberlain took care of the royal bedroom and treasury. The seneschal kept the palace supplied with food, wine, and servants. The constable cared for the horses. 62

Deep Sleep Many legends spread about Charlemagne. According to one legend, he did not die but was only sleeping, and would awaken at the hour of his country’s need. 63

Understanding Inset Maps • Sometimes, there is not enough space on a map for information to be shown clearly. • Mapmakers have solved this problem by using inset maps, or small maps that are set within larger ones. • Often placed in a corner of the main map, inset maps may have their own scales and legends. Continued on next slide. 64 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Understanding Inset Maps • Inset maps are used for two reasons. • One is to show parts of the main map enlarged and in greater detail. • Maps of countries or states often include inset maps showing individual cities. • Another reason inset maps are used is to show in a different way an area on the main map. Continued on next slide. 65 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Understanding Inset Maps • For example, on the map on page 284 of your textbook, the main map shows the Frankish Empire from Clovis through Charlemagne. • The inset map in the upper right shows what happened to the same territory after the death of Charlemagne. Continued on next slide. 66 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Understanding Inset Maps Study the map on page 284 of your textbook showing “The Frankish Empire. ” Then answer the questions that follow. Continued on next slide. 67

Understanding Inset Maps What two cities were in the kingdom of Charles? Paris and Tours Continued on next slide. 68 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding Inset Maps Who controlled Rome after the Treaty of Verdun? Lothair Continued on next slide. 69 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Understanding Inset Maps Through which kingdom did the Danube River flow? Kingdom of Louis 70 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Developing Multimedia Presentations • You want to present a research report to your class, and you want to really hold their attention. How do you do it? • Your presentation can be exciting if you use various forms of media. • At its most basic, a multimedia presentation involves using several types of media. Continued on next slide. 71 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Developing Multimedia Presentations • To discuss life under the Frankish kings, for example, you might show photographs of historic paintings. • You could also record selections from The Song of Roland or ballads sung by minstrels. • Or you might present a video of Charlemagne’s life. Continued on next slide. 72 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Developing Multimedia Presentations • You can also develop a multimedia presentation on a computer. • Multimedia as it relates to computer technology is the combination of text, video, audio, and animation in an interactive computer program. • In order to create multimedia productions or presentations on a computer, you need to have certain tools. Continued on next slide. 73 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Developing Multimedia Presentations • These may include traditional computer graphic tools and draw programs, animation programs that make still images move, and authoring systems that tie everything together. • Your computer manual will tell you what tools your computer can support. • This chapter focuses on the growth of the Frankish empire in the early Middle Ages. Continued on next slide. 74 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Developing Multimedia Presentations Ask yourself questions like the following to create a multimedia presentation on the cultural and political developments of that era: • Which forms of media do I want to include? Video? Sound? Animation? Photographs? Graphics? Other? • Which of these media forms does my computer support? Continued on next slide. 75 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Developing Multimedia Presentations • What kind of software programs or systems do I need? A paint program? A draw program? A program to create interactive, or two-way, communication? An authoring system that will allow me to change images, sound, and motion? • Is there a “do-it-all” program I can use to develop the kind of presentation I want? Continued on next slide. 76 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Developing Multimedia Presentations Keeping in mind the four guidelines given on the previous slides, write a plan describing a multimedia presentation you would like to develop. Indicate what tools you will need and what steps you must take to make the presentation a reality. 77

End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation. 78

79