DISCLAIMER This Presentation may contain Copyrighted Material DO

  • Slides: 28
Download presentation
DISCLAIMER This Presentation may contain Copyrighted Material, DO NOT DISTRIBUTE 1

DISCLAIMER This Presentation may contain Copyrighted Material, DO NOT DISTRIBUTE 1

The Vastness of the Universe By: Jorge C. Lallave USF/NSF/ STARS PROGRAM University of

The Vastness of the Universe By: Jorge C. Lallave USF/NSF/ STARS PROGRAM University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 2

Standard 2: The student recognizes the vastness of the universe and the Earth’s place

Standard 2: The student recognizes the vastness of the universe and the Earth’s place in it. (SC. E. 2. 2). Learn that, in addition to the sun, there are many other stars that are far away. 3

Objectives: Get familiar with the origin of the Universe. Differentiate between galaxy cluster, galaxy,

Objectives: Get familiar with the origin of the Universe. Differentiate between galaxy cluster, galaxy, constellation, stars, comets, solar system, planets, and moons. Recognize different instruments used during space exploration. 4

Vocabulary Words Star - is a massive body of plasma in outer space that

Vocabulary Words Star - is a massive body of plasma in outer space that is currently producing or has produced energy through nuclear fusion Constellation - is a group of stars visibly related to each other in a particular configuration. Galaxy - is a large system of stars, planets, natural satellites interstellar gas and dust, and unseen dark matter. Galaxy Cluster - are observed to be a group of galaxies held together by mutual gravitational attraction. 5

Vocabulary Words Nuclear fusion - is the process by which two nuclei join together

Vocabulary Words Nuclear fusion - is the process by which two nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus. They release or absorb energy. Plasma - is an ionized gas, usually considered to be a distinct phase of matter. Planetary Nebula - is a glowing shell of plasma formed by certain types of stars at the end of their lives. Universe - is all matter and energy, including the earth, solar system, galaxies, stars and the contents of intergalactic space as a whole. 6

Origin of the Universe The Big Bang Theory Is a scientific theory that explained

Origin of the Universe The Big Bang Theory Is a scientific theory that explained the origin of the Universe as a cosmic explosion of space and matter. An event that occurred between 10 to 20 billion years ago. Prior the big bang, all the matter was compressed into a dense hot area no larger than a pin head. 7

Origin of the Universe (… Cont. ) After the big bang, all matter was

Origin of the Universe (… Cont. ) After the big bang, all matter was scattered into fine dust, or a cloud or mist. Experts however say that there was no explosion; there was (and continues to be) an expansion. Imagine a small balloon expanding to the size of our current universe. As the universe grew older, the objects in it got further and further apart. Scientist used the Doppler shift effect to measured the change of wave frequency when different objects move apart. 8

The Expanding Universe Activity 1 It can be introduce here as part of the

The Expanding Universe Activity 1 It can be introduce here as part of the teacher curriculum layout. Note: ** The activity was developed individually using Microsoft Word. 9

Brightness of the Stars Brightness of the stars depends of two factors: Magnitude Distance

Brightness of the Stars Brightness of the stars depends of two factors: Magnitude Distance from Earth How Stars Change? Color Size Magnitude Temperature. 10

How Stars are Classified 1. Nebula - a huge cloud of hydrogen, helium and

How Stars are Classified 1. Nebula - a huge cloud of hydrogen, helium and tiny particle of dust. 2. Protostar - the dust particles get packed and grows in mass after millions of years. Its temperature rises until it begin to glow. 3. Main-Sequence Star - the center of the protostar reached 15 million o. C releasing various kind of energy. 11

How Stars are Classified 4. Expanding Star - the mass of the star shines

How Stars are Classified 4. Expanding Star - the mass of the star shines for billions of years and expand before its hydrogen runs low. 5. Red Giant - the star its 100 times the former size. 6. Planetary Nebula - its previous atmosphere expands a million times. The remainder of the star stays at its center. 7. White Dwarf - the star continues to shine dimly for billions of years as it slowly cools. 12

Types of Planetary Nebula Emission Nebula: Emits light because the atoms in their gases

Types of Planetary Nebula Emission Nebula: Emits light because the atoms in their gases are excited by high energy radiation of stars. Reflection Nebula: Reflect light of nearby stars by their dust particles. Absorption Nebula or Dark Nebula: Their gas component and dust component absorbed light and generates a reddened background. 13

HOW TO BUILD A SEXTANT? Activity 2 It can be introduced here as part

HOW TO BUILD A SEXTANT? Activity 2 It can be introduced here as part of the teacher curriculum layout. Note: ** The activity was developed individually using Microsoft Word. 14

Galaxies and Shapes Galaxies are made up of nebula, dust, billions of stars, and

Galaxies and Shapes Galaxies are made up of nebula, dust, billions of stars, and all of the objects that are orbiting those stars held together by gravity. In 1926, an astronomer named Edwin Hubble decided to classify the galaxies, according to some logical scheme. Did you notice that these galaxy pictures do not look alike? He could have classified them according to color. You can see many different colored galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field image. 15

Galaxies and Shapes (…Cont. ). He could have classified them according to size: Small

Galaxies and Shapes (…Cont. ). He could have classified them according to size: Small galaxies "dwarf galaxies“ large galaxies "massive galaxies". Afterward, he decided to arrange or group them by shapes. The X-ray emission is used to determine the galaxy mass distribution and dynamics. Three main types of galaxies are : irregular, spiral, and elliptical. Irregular galaxies - has odd shapes. 16

Galaxies and Shapes (…Cont. ) Spiral galaxies: can be broken down in two categories

Galaxies and Shapes (…Cont. ) Spiral galaxies: can be broken down in two categories Circular spiral - round center Barred Spiral – bar center Elliptical galaxies: are shaped like an egg. 17

Galaxy Clusters and Large-Scale Structures Clusters: are groups or larger agglomerations of galaxies. Voids,

Galaxy Clusters and Large-Scale Structures Clusters: are groups or larger agglomerations of galaxies. Voids, sheets, and filaments: a bubbly structure with galaxies confined to sheets and filaments 18

Different type of clusters Regular clusters: have a concentrated central core and well-defined spherical

Different type of clusters Regular clusters: have a concentrated central core and well-defined spherical structure. Irregular clusters: have no welldefined center, similar sizes than regular cluster, with poorer solar mass. Super clusters: these usually consist of chains of about a dozen clusters. 19

Galactic Mobile Activity 3 It can be introduced here as part of the teacher

Galactic Mobile Activity 3 It can be introduced here as part of the teacher curriculum layout. Note: ** The activity was developed individually using Microsoft Word. 20

Star Attractions: Constellations What do you see when you look up into the sky?

Star Attractions: Constellations What do you see when you look up into the sky? Humans have seen group of stars that looks like imaginary animals, people, or mythological beings in patterns of star groupings. Ancient stargazers gave names to these groupings, as constellations. Click twice the borders of this screen to play a background movie. 21

Star Constellations Examples (…Cont. ) 22

Star Constellations Examples (…Cont. ) 22

Constellation Activity 4 It can be introduce here as part of the teacher curriculum

Constellation Activity 4 It can be introduce here as part of the teacher curriculum layout. Note: ** To play the game you can access the following address by copying and paste the link below into the bar address: http: //www. abc. net. au/children/space/games/skypictures /default. htm 23

How do we measure distances to other stars and planets? Parallax - is the

How do we measure distances to other stars and planets? Parallax - is the only direct way to measure distances to astronomical objects. Spectroscope- is a contemporary instrument that analyze the light that reach Earth from a Star. The following link offers a graphical model of a parallax. http: //instruct 1. cit. cornell. edu/courses/astro 101/java/parallax. html 24

Different instruments use for Space exploration Telescope: Is an instrument used to magnified images

Different instruments use for Space exploration Telescope: Is an instrument used to magnified images of distant objects. Radio-Telescope: Is a more powerful facility used to explorer the Universe. Observatory Satellite: Is another facility that used more advanced and greater telescope. 25

Artificial Satellite Evolution for exploration 26

Artificial Satellite Evolution for exploration 26

HOW TO BUILD A SPECTROSCOPE? Activity 5 It can be introduced here as part

HOW TO BUILD A SPECTROSCOPE? Activity 5 It can be introduced here as part of the teacher curriculum layout. Note: ** The activity was developed individually using Microsoft Word. 27

References http: //www. nationalgeographic. com/features/97/stars/ Harcourt Science, 5 th grade “The frog cover", Harcourt

References http: //www. nationalgeographic. com/features/97/stars/ Harcourt Science, 5 th grade “The frog cover", Harcourt School Publisher, Unit D pp. 1 -54. http: //www. abc. net. au/children/space/games/skypictures/default. htm http: //liftoff. msfc. nasa. gov/academy/universe/how_big_galaxy. html http: //cse. ssl. berkeley. edu/Segway. Ed/lessons/classifying_galaxies/edwin 1. htm http: //it. stlawu. edu/~aodo/SLU/astronomy/NCPR/0605 Planets. Stars. gif http: //www. seds. org/messier/nebula. html http: //media. pearsoncmg. com/bc/bc_bennett_cosmicpers_2/medialib/tutorials/ index. html 28