HOLT World History CHAPTER 11 THE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT World History CHAPTER 11 THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Islamic World Section 1: The Rise of Islam Section 2: The Spread of Islam Section 3: Islamic Civilization HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Rise of Islam Objectives: l Describe how geography affected the people of the Arabian Peninsula. l Explain how Islam began. l Identify the main beliefs of Islam. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Rise of Islam Arabia: Its Geography and People l Mainly desert surrounded by Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea l Inhabited by the Bedouins l Nomadic herders l Organized into tribes l Leader was called a Sheikh 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Rise of Islam Arabia: Its Geography and People l Most important city was Mecca l Trading city l On the caravan route to Syria 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad l Muhammed l 570 -632 l Orphaned at a young age l Founder of Islam l At the age of 40, had a vision of the archangel Gabriel told him to preach the existence of the one god l Allah 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad l Mecca a trading center l Merchants were against Muhammed l His ideas threatened their authority, conduct, and values l Forced to flee from Mecca in 622 l Hijrah – journey from Mecca to Yathrib l Marks the start of the Muslim calendar 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Rise of Islam The Faith of Islam l Follows of Islam are called Muslims l Compiled the Qur’an l Holy book of Islam l Written in Arabic l Belive in one God – submission to the will of God 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Rise of Islam The Faith of Islam l Five Pillars of Islam l Islamic instructions for living l Carry out worship in Mosques 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Spread of Islam Objectives: l Explore how the Muslims expanded their empire. l Explain why the Islamic community divided. 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Spread of Islam Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar l Caliphs l Successors to Muhammed l Were rulers of the Islamic Empire l Abū Bakr l Muhammad’s successor l Compiled the Qur’an l Holy book of Islam 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Spread of Islam Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar l succeeded Abū Bakr l conquered neighboring non-Muslim lands by 658 l Expanded into SW Asia l Eventually caused a split within Islam 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Spread of Islam The Islamic Community Divides l By 659 l Disagreements about who should be caliphs led to a civil war l Two groups emerged 1. Sunni l Believed that agreement among Muslims should settle religious practice l Majority of Muslims are Sunni 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Spread of Islam The Islamic Community Divides 2. Shi’ah l Believed that Imams should decide holy matters l Fled to Persia (Iran) 3. Sufis l Emerged later l Believed in leading simple lives, centered on God 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Spread of Islam The Empire Continues to Spread l The Moors l By 750 the Muslims conquered Spain l Led by Täriq l The Turks and Islam 14 l Emerged from central Asia in the late 900 s l conquered Syria, Mesopotamia, and much of Asia Minor l Set up a large empire HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Islamic Civilization Objectives: l Describe how the location of Arabia affected trade in the Muslim Empire. l Explain what Muslim society and family life were like. l Identify Muslim achievements in science. l Explore how Islam influenced Arab art and literature. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Islamic Civilization A Culture of Traders l At center of world trade network that linked Europe, Asia, and Africa l Used trade to spread religion east l Government l Led by Caliphs l Rule according to the Qu’ran l Governed daily life 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Islamic Civilization Government and Society l Daily Life l Prayer at the center of daily life l Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca l Women had rights l Muslim women enjoyed more freedoms than most other women l Polygamy was common l Everyone had roles and duties 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Islamic Civilization The Sciences l Medicine l studied pharmaceutical drugs and dissection l Improved surgical instruments l al-Razi wrote about diasease l Mathematics l Developed the Arabic number system, decimals. Study of algebra 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Islamic Civilization The Sciences l Geography l Improved astronomy, navigation, and maps l Developed the astrolabe 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Islamic Civilization The Arts l Art l Developed calligraphy, architecture, geometric and floral patterns l Literature l The Thousand One Nights – collection of folktales including “Sinbad the Sailor, ” “Aladdin, ” and “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves” 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON