HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY CHAPTER 32

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY CHAPTER 32 Asia Since 1945 Section 1: South Asia Section 2: Communist China Section 3: Japanese Miracle Section 4: Independence Struggles in SE Asia Section 5: Asian Paths to Prosperity HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: HUMAN JOURNEY THE South Asia After Empire Objectives: l Explain how differences between Hindus and Muslims led to a divided India. l Identify problems that India faced after independence. l Describe how Pakistan and Bangladesh developed after the partition of India. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: HUMAN JOURNEY THE South Asia After Empire The End of British Rule l Wartime developments l India’s support for Britain was dependent on promise of self-rule l When war started, plan was rejected by Indians l Hindus wanted complete separation from Great Britain l Muslim League wanted Muslim state separate from India 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: HUMAN JOURNEY THE South Asia After Empire The End of British Rule l Led to the “Quit India” Movement l Created by Gandhi l Led to arrest of Muhammed Ali Jinnah, Muslim leader l He wanted a separate Muslim state l The partition of India after war 4 l Muslims and Sikh’s wanted their own states l violence caused by religious divisions l Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: HUMAN JOURNEY THE South Asia After Empire Independent India l Government leaders and policies l First Prime Minister was Jawaharlal Nehru (1948 -64) l Nehru began nonalignment l No side in the Cold War l Succeeded by his daughter, Indira Gandhi l Indira Gandhi was assassinated after attacking Sikh holy place l India had a mixed economy l Mixture of nationalized and privately owned industry 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: HUMAN JOURNEY THE South Asia After Empire Independent India l Social and economic problems l l l increased poverty Disease population l The continuing problem of Kashmir l Pakistan and India both wanted Kashmir l Problems with China over the occupation of Tibet 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: HUMAN JOURNEY THE South Asia After Empire The Division of Pakistan l Independence for Bangladesh l division of East Pakistan and West Pakistan l East Pakistan (Bangladesh) fought for independence in 1971 l Bangladesh and Pakistan today l Bangladesh faces problems of war and natural disasters l Pakistan faces political unrest 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist China and Its Influence Objectives: l Describe how Mao Zedong’s government tried to rebuild China after World War II. l Identify what happened at Tiananmem Square and what the consequences were for China. l Explain why Korea was divided and how the two Koreas have developed since 1953. l Explain why China and Taiwan have been in conflict. 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China Under Mao Zedong l The People’s Republic of China l Founded in 1949 after a violent civil war l US refused to recognize the new nation l. Recognized Taiwan (Formosa) as China 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China Under Mao Zedong l Leader of China 1949 -76 l Led Communist Revolution l Tried to rebuild economy 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China Under Mao Zedong l Five-Year Plan was successful in creating economic growth l Violent l Forced landlords to give land to peasants l Organized new land into collective farms l Very successful in creating economic growth 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China Under Mao Zedong l The Great Leap Forward (1958 -66) l a second Five-Year Plan for further industrialization l failed l The Cultural Revolution (1966 -76) l violent attempt to rid China of old customs and replace with new socialist culture had a devastating effect 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China Under Mao Zedong l Cultural Revolution 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China After Mao l China opened up after Mao died l Power struggle between moderates and radicals. l Moderates won. l Tiananmen Square Massacre l 1989: pro-democracy student demonstrators were killed or wounded by army in public square 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China After Mao l Foreign relations since 1949 l most Western nations withdrew aid to China l conflicts between China and Soviet Union l improved relations with United States after 1973 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China A Divided Korea l Korea had been divided after World War II l plans for uniting north and south failed l South Korea l Republic l dictators promoted economic growth l people had little political freedom 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China A Divided Korea l North Korea l Communist l faced famine and economic collapse l North invaded south in 1950 17 l Korean War l 1950 -53 l China joined North Korea when it felt threatened by the US HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Communist Rule in China The Nationalists in Taiwan l Chinese Nationalist fled to Taiwan in 1949 l Set up a separate government l China considers Taiwan a Chinese province, but allows self-government l Taiwan held open elections and voted out Nationalist Party leaders, wanted independence 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: HUMAN JOURNEY THE The Japanese Miracle Objectives: l Identify the factors that allowed Japan to recover effectively after World War II. l Describe the economic and social changes that occurred in Japan from the 1950 s onward. l Explain how the relationship between Japan and the United States changed in the years since World War II. 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: HUMAN JOURNEY THE The Japanese Miracle The Occupation of Japan l New constitution was created by occupying US forces after WWII l Adopted in an election in 1947 l Japan Demilitarized after WWII l Only self-defense forces allowed l New parliament created l. Called the Diet 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: HUMAN JOURNEY THE The Japanese Miracle The Occupation of Japan l 2 Houses l House of Representatives l House of Councilors l Headed by a Prime Minister l Emperor had little power l Main political party is the Liberal Democratic Party l Lost power by 2000 21 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: HUMAN JOURNEY THE The Japanese Miracle Postwar Developments l Economic development l land reform l Small farmers were able to own land l Zaibatsu (huge, family run industrial firms) were broken up l Focused on a highly skilled workforce and advanced technology 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: HUMAN JOURNEY THE The Japanese Miracle Postwar Developments l Social changes l higher standard of living was the focus l more women in workplace with more freedom l Importance of the family declined l Younger people wanted a higher quality of life l More industry meant more pollution 23 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: HUMAN JOURNEY THE The Japanese Miracle Foreign Relations and Political Life l A more independent stance l Japan maintained friendly ties with United States after World War II l but began to follow its own course in 1980 s, giving money and political aid to other countries l Tension with the US over Okinawa and stationing of forces l Dispute with USSR over the Kuril Islands 24 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Objectives: l Describe the causes and effects of dictatorships in the Philippines and Indonesia. l Explain how the Vietnam War affected Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. l Identify the problems that the nations of Southeast Asia faced as they struggled to create stable governments. 25 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia The Philippines l Ferdinand Marcos l declared martial law l created new constitution to control Communist and Muslim revolts l Corazon Aquino l brought back democracy and promoted new business 26 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Burma (Myanmar) l Independence brought lack of strong government, communist attempts to seize country l U Nu brought order, but was overthrown by Ne Win l Military rule refused to give up power after free election was won by opposing party 27 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Indonesia l Sukarno l first president of Republic of Indonesia who became dictator l economy suffered l Suharto l overthrew government with armed forces l poorly managed government, human rights abuses 28 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Vietnam l Division and war l Ho Chi Minh led communist state in north zone l Ngo Dinh Diem was president of non-communist government in south l American involvement – Tet Offensive, Paris Peace Accords, South Vietnam surrendered l A reunited Vietnam – financial problems were alleviated when government allowed private business 29 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Laos and Cambodia l Laos – civil war, assistance from Vietnam to control anticommunist factions, trade agreements with United States, Japan and Russia l Cambodia – Viet Cong trained and armed Khmer Rouge to take over government, genocide to control dissent 30 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 5: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Asian Paths to Prosperity Objectives: l Explain what led Asian governments to impose tight controls in their countries. l Describe the problems Asian countries faced as they tried to develop their economies and how they solved those problems. l Explain how economic success in Asian countries affected the West. 31 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 5: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Asian Paths to Prosperity Political Development l Ethnic divisions l Government security l Economic growth 32 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 5: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Asian Paths to Prosperity Economic Development l Barriers to economic development – export of agricultural goods and natural resources brought low prices l Cooperating for development – Asian countries formed economic alliances l Economic expansion – “Four Tigers” were important in world markets; problems included political instability, overpopulation 33 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 5: HUMAN JOURNEY THE Asian Paths to Prosperity Asian Cultural Diffusion l Economic success alarmed some business leaders, served as model for others 34 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON